HttpClient模拟登录12306购票网站

首先12306网站前缀为“https://” 表明是用SSL加密。

用HttpClient去模拟发送请求时，对于URL用为“https”时，先要解决证书问题，有两种解决方案：

　　　a.使证书被信任。

　　 在查找相关资料时，对于这种方法有点麻烦，最后就没有去尝试，有兴趣的朋友可以试试。

b.使用httpClient时不检测服务器证书是否可信

　　　　扩展HttpClient 类实现自动接受证书，因为这种方法自动接收所有证书，因此存在一定的安全问题，所以在使用这种方法前请仔细考虑您的系统的安全需求。

具体的步骤如下：

•提供一个自定义的socket factory （test.MySecureProtocolSocketFactory ）。这个自定义的类必须实现接口

org.apache.commons.httpclient.protocol.SecureProtocolSocketFactory ，在实现接口的类中调用自定义的

X509TrustManager(test.MyX509TrustManager)

•创建一个org.apache.commons.httpclient.protocol.Protocol 的实例，指定协议名称和默认的端口号

Protocol myhttps = new Protocol("https", new MySecureProtocolSocketFactory (), 443);

•注册刚才创建的https 协议对象

Protocol.registerProtocol("https ", myhttps);

具体代码如下：

package org.study.meteor.ticket.util;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.net.SocketAddress;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
import java.security.KeyManagementException;
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
import java.security.cert.CertificateException;
import java.security.cert.X509Certificate;

import javax.net.SocketFactory;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext;
import javax.net.ssl.TrustManager;
import javax.net.ssl.X509TrustManager;

import org.apache.commons.httpclient.ConnectTimeoutException;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.params.HttpConnectionParams;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.protocol.SecureProtocolSocketFactory;

/**
* MySecureProtocolSocketFactory.java.java Create on 2012-9-26下午1:15:03
*
*
* Copyright (c) 2012 by MTA.
*
* @author lmeteor
* @Email txin0814@sina.com
* @description 自定义的socket factory 实现自动接受证书
* @version 1.0
*/
public class MySecureProtocolSocketFactory implements
SecureProtocolSocketFactory
{

private SSLContext sslcontext = null;

private SSLContext createSSLContext()
{
SSLContext sslcontext = null;
try
{
sslcontext = SSLContext.getInstance("SSL");
sslcontext.init(null, new TrustManager[]
{ new TrustAnyTrustManager() }, new java.security.SecureRandom());
}
catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e)
{
e.printStackTrace();
}
catch (KeyManagementException e)
{
e.printStackTrace();
}
return sslcontext;
}

private SSLContext getSSLContext()
{
if (this.sslcontext == null)
{
this.sslcontext = createSSLContext();
}
return this.sslcontext;
}

public Socket createSocket(Socket socket, String host, int port,
boolean autoClose) throws IOException, UnknownHostException
{
return getSSLContext().getSocketFactory().createSocket(socket, host,
port, autoClose);
}

public Socket createSocket(String host, int port) throws IOException,
UnknownHostException
{
return getSSLContext().getSocketFactory().createSocket(host, port);
}

public Socket createSocket(String host, int port, InetAddress clientHost,
int clientPort) throws IOException, UnknownHostException
{
return getSSLContext().getSocketFactory().createSocket(host, port,
clientHost, clientPort);
}

public Socket createSocket(String host, int port, InetAddress localAddress,
int localPort, HttpConnectionParams params) throws IOException,
UnknownHostException, ConnectTimeoutException
{
if (params == null)
{
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Parameters may not be null");
}
int timeout = params.getConnectionTimeout();
SocketFactory socketfactory = getSSLContext().getSocketFactory();
if (timeout == 0)
{
return socketfactory.createSocket(host, port, localAddress,
localPort);
}
else
{
Socket socket = socketfactory.createSocket();
SocketAddress localaddr = new InetSocketAddress(localAddress,
localPort);
SocketAddress remoteaddr = new InetSocketAddress(host, port);
socket.bind(localaddr);
socket.connect(remoteaddr, timeout);
return socket;
}
}

// 自定义私有类
private static class TrustAnyTrustManager implements X509TrustManager
{

public void checkClientTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain, String authType)
throws CertificateException
{
}

public void checkServerTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain, String authType)
throws CertificateException
{
}

public X509Certificate[] getAcceptedIssuers()
{
return new X509Certificate[]
{};
}
}
}

下面的是httpClient的具体实现类:

package org.study.meteor.ticket.util;

import java.io.BufferedInputStream;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

import org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpClient;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpException;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.NameValuePair;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.methods.PostMethod;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.params.HttpMethodParams;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.protocol.Protocol;

/**
* HttpDoPostUtils.java Create on 2012-9-7下午3:08:18
*
*
* Copyright (c) 2012 by MTA.
*
* @author lmeteor
* @Email txin0814@sina.com
* @description 模拟HTTP发送请求得到报文
* @version 1.0
*/
@SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
public class HttpDoPostUtils
{

private static HttpClient httpClient = null;

static
{
//指定协议名称和默认的端口号
Protocol myhttps = new Protocol("https", new MySecureProtocolSocketFactory(), 443);
//注册刚才创建的https 协议对象
Protocol.registerProtocol("https", myhttps);
httpClient = new HttpClient();
}

/**
* 发送请求报文，得到响应报文
* @param url
*             登录请求URL
* @param pList
*             是否包含请求参数
* @return
* @throws UnsupportedEncodingException
*/
public static String doRequestToString(String url,List<NameValuePair> pList) throws UnsupportedEncodingException
{
//获得postMethod对象
PostMethod pmethod = getPostMethod(url);
pmethod.getParams().setParameter(HttpMethodParams.HTTP_CONTENT_CHARSET, "utf-8");
//判断是否包含参数
if(null != pList && pList.size() > 0)
{
pmethod.setRequestBody(pList.toArray(new NameValuePair[pList.size()]));
}
String value = "";
try
{
httpClient.executeMethod(pmethod);
value = pmethod.getResponseBodyAsString();
}
catch ( HttpException e )
{
e.printStackTrace();
}
catch ( IOException e )
{
e.printStackTrace();
}

return value;
}

/**
* 获得12306网站的登录验证码
* @param url
*             请求URL
* @param filePath
*             验证码保存路径 如:e:\\login.jpg
* @return
*/
public static File doGetFile(String url,String filePath)
{
PostMethod pmethod = getPostMethod(url);
pmethod.getParams().setParameter(HttpMethodParams.HTTP_CONTENT_CHARSET, "utf-8");
try
{
httpClient.executeMethod(pmethod);
//得到响应中的流对象
InputStream in = pmethod.getResponseBodyAsStream();
//包装 并读出流信息
BufferedInputStream bis = new BufferedInputStream(in);
File file = new File(filePath);
FileOutputStream fs = new FileOutputStream(file);

byte[] buf = new byte[1024];
int len = bis.read(buf);
if(len == -1 || len == 0){
file.delete();
file = null;
}
while (len != -1) {
fs.write(buf, 0, len);
len = bis.read(buf);
}
fs.flush();
fs.close();
return file;
}
catch (HttpException e)
{
e.printStackTrace();
}
catch (IOException e)
{
e.printStackTrace();
}
return null;

}

public static List<NameValuePair> createNameValuePair(String params) {
List<NameValuePair> nvps = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();
if (null != params && !params.trim().equals("")) {
String[] _params = params.split("&");
// userCookieList = new AttributeList();
for (int i = 0; i < _params.length; i++) {
int _i = _params[i].indexOf("=");
if (_i != -1) {
String name = _params[i].substring(0, _i);
String value = _params[i].substring(_i + 1);
nvps.add(new NameValuePair(name, value));
}
}
}
return nvps;
}

public static PostMethod getPostMethod(String url)
{
PostMethod pmethod = new PostMethod(url);
//设置响应头信息
pmethod.addRequestHeader("Connection", "keep-alive");
pmethod.addRequestHeader("Cache-Control", "max-age=0");
pmethod.addRequestHeader("User-Agent", "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 6.0) ");
pmethod.addRequestHeader("Accept", "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8");
return pmethod;
}

}

模拟请求的类已经出来，现在开始进行模拟登录，登录前必须知道12306自身是怎样提交请求，并包含哪些参数到后台，通过firebug就很容易找到这些东西了。

12306登录之前会调用“https://dynamic.12306.cn/otsweb/loginAction.do?method=loginAysnSuggest”，后台返回一串JSON报文，如下：

{"loginRand":"652","randError":"Y"}

当randError为“Y”时，才对表单FORM提交，并且将loginRand的值初始化到表单里的隐藏域中，作为参数传到后台

现在最后一步就是拼接参数了，具体操作代码如下：

package org.study.meteor.ticket.util;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;

import org.study.meteor.ticket.domain.LoginBeforeValidatior;

import net.sf.json.JSONObject;

/**
* Login.java.java Create on 2012-9-26下午1:48:42
*
*
* Copyright (c) 2012 by MTA.
*
* @author lmeteor
* @Email txin0814@sina.com
* @description
* @version 1.0
*/
public class Login
{

/**
* 获取验证码
* @param filePath
* @return
*/
public static String getRandCode(String filePath)
{
String randCode = "";
/** 获取验证码 */
HttpDoPostUtils.doGetFile(PropertiesUtils.newInstance().getPropertiesValue("loginCode"),filePath);
randCode = readString("请输入登录验证码：");
return randCode;
}

/**
* 实现登录操作
* @throws UnsupportedEncodingException
*/
public static void doLogin() throws UnsupportedEncodingException
{
String randCode = getRandCode("e:\\login.jpg");
/** 登录前 提交得到报文 */
String loginBeforeVal = HttpDoPostUtils.doRequestToString(PropertiesUtils.newInstance().getPropertiesValue("loginBeforeValidatiorUrl"),null);
//将返回的JSON报文转换成指定的对象
JSONObject jsonObj = JSONObject.fromObject(loginBeforeVal);
LoginBeforeValidatior loginBefore = new LoginBeforeValidatior();
loginBefore = (LoginBeforeValidatior) JSONObject.toBean(jsonObj, LoginBeforeValidatior.class);
//拼接参数
StringBuffer params = new StringBuffer();
params.append("loginRand="+loginBefore.getLoginRand()).append("&")
.append("refundLogin=N").append("&")
.append("refundFlag=Y").append("&")
.append("loginUser.user_name="+PropertiesUtils.newInstance().getPropertiesValue("username")).append("&")
.append("nameErrorFocus=&")
.append("user.password="+PropertiesUtils.newInstance().getPropertiesValue("password")).append("&")
.append("passwordErrorFocus=&")
.append("randCode="+randCode).append("&")
.append("randErrorFocus=");
//像服务器发送登录请求 并返回对应的报文
String loginResponseText = HttpDoPostUtils.doRequestToString(PropertiesUtils.newInstance().getPropertiesValue("loginUrl"),HttpDoPostUtils.createNameValuePair(params.toString()));
System.out.println(loginResponseText);

}

/**
* 多控制台读取验证码
* @param msg
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
private static String readString(String msg)
{
BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
try{
System.out.print(msg+": ");
return bufferedReader.readLine();
}catch(Exception e){
}
return "1245";
}

public static void main(String[] args) throws UnsupportedEncodingException
{
//Login login = new Login();
//login.doLogin();
Login.doLogin();
}
}

URL都是在配置文件中的，大致如下：

#12306登录之前调用URL
loginBeforeValidatiorUrl=https://dynamic.12306.cn/otsweb/loginAction.do?method=loginAysnSuggest
#12306登录验证码的地址
loginCode=https://dynamic.12306.cn/otsweb/passCodeAction.do?rand=sjrand
#登录URL
loginUrl=https://dynamic.12306.cn/otsweb/loginAction.do?method=login
#用户名
username=xxxx
#密码
password=xxx

通过返回的HTML，如果看到自己的名字，就说明登录成功了。如果大家还想做什么动作，就可以发挥大家的想像力了。