文章3：Linux+Nginx+PHP配置-version1

注意：已经有更好的安装方法，适用于CentOS、ubuntu等Linux系统。
安装新方法
/article/1653060.html 欢迎大家参考

文章内容 一、安装所需要的程序、库 1.检查系统中是否有以下程序库 2.编译php所需的支持库 3、编译安装MySQL 5.5.3-m3 4、编译安装PHP（FastCGI模式） 5、编译安装PHP5扩展模块 二、配置php、php-fpm、nginx 1、修改php.ini文件 2、配置eAccelerator加速PHP 3、创建php-fpm配置文件 4、启动php-fpm 三、安装Nginx 1.2.3 1、确认有PCRE库 2、安装Nginx 3、创建Nginx日志目录 4、创建Nginx配置文件 5、启动Nginx 四、测试Nginx对PHP的解析功能

我所安装的系统：CentOS-6.2-i386-bin-DVD中的desktop系统
以下教程不算完整，其中mysql并不能成功编译到php中，但是此教程与http://blog.s135.com/nginx_php_v6/相比，有所完善，当然也有所不足，还请指正。

注意事项：
1.一 检测系统中是否含有程序库，不要一口气利用yum -s install进行安装，如果进行此操作，那么yum and rpm再之后就不能使用，如果使用会提示 段错误。
2. make make install 两句话可以合二为一 即：make && make install
3.编译mysql时，采用mysql-5.5.5-m3.tar.gz，不要采用mysql-5.5.3-m3.tar.gz，因为有错误mysql-5.5.3-m3.tar.gz
4.教程中出现的灰色字体内容，读者自行添加，不影响Nginx+PHP的使用。

一、安装所需要的程序、库
1.检查系统中是否有以下程序库

gcc gcc-c++ autoconf libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpng libpng-devel freetype freetype-devel libxml2 libxml2-devel zlib zlib-devel glibc glibc-devel glib2 glib2-devel bzip2 bzip2-devel ncurses ncurses-devel curl curl-devel e2fsprogs e2fsprogs-devel krb5 krb5-devel libidn libidn-devel openssl openssl-devel openldap openldap-devel nss_ldap openldap-clients openldap-servers

其中
红色字体：表示没有安装
粗体：表示我的系统中没有这些，需要通过

yum install curl-devel e2fsprogs-devel openldap-servers

注意：xxx与xxx-devel尽量版本一致。比如libjpeg-6b-46.el6.i686 和libjpeg-devel-6b-46.el6.i686
2.编译php所需的支持库
我将下面所需的tar.gz文件都下载到/home/username/download/文件夹下
技巧：可以将make与make install两条命令二合一 make && make install

tar zxvf libiconv-1.13.1.tar.gz cd libiconv-1.13.1/ ./configure --prefix=/usr/local make make install cd ../ tar zxvf libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz cd libmcrypt-2.5.8/ ./configure make make install /sbin/ldconfig cd libltdl/ ./configure --enable-ltdl-install make make install cd ../../ tar zxvf mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz cd mhash-0.9.9.9/ ./configure make make install cd ../ ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.la /usr/lib/libmcrypt.la ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4 /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so.4 ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8 /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8 ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.a /usr/lib/libmhash.a ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.la /usr/lib/libmhash.la ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so /usr/lib/libmhash.so ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2 ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1 ln -s /usr/local/bin/libmcrypt-config /usr/bin/libmcrypt-config tar zxvf mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz cd mcrypt-2.6.8/ /sbin/ldconfig ./configure make make install cd ../

到此位置，关机系统备份一次

3、编译安装MySQL 5.5.3-m3
采用mysql-5.5.5-m3.tar.gz，不要采用5.5.3，因为该版本有错误

/usr/sbin/groupadd mysql

/usr/sbin/useradd -g mysql mysql

tar zxvf mysql-5.5.5-m3.tar.gz

cd mysql-5.5.5-m3/

./configure --prefix=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/ --enable-assembler --with-extra-charsets=complex --enable-thread-safe-client --with-big-tables --with-readline --with-ssl --with-embedded-server --enable-local-infile --with-plugins=partition,innobase,myisammrg

make && make install

chmod +w /usr/local/webserver/mysql

chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/webserver/mysql

cd ../

4、编译安装PHP（FastCGI模式）
注意1：本想尝试高版本php，但是没有相应的diff.gz，因此只能采用该版本
注意2：由于不能解决MySQL的问题，因此configure时去掉mysql部分，即去掉红色部分



tar zxvf php-5.2.14.tar.gz

gzip -cd php-5.2.14-fpm-0.5.14.diff.gz | patch -d php-5.2.14 -p1

cd php-5.2.14/

./configure --prefix=/usr/local/webserver/php --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/webserver/php/etc --with-mysql=/usr/local/webserver/mysql --with-mysqli=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysql_config --with-iconv-dir=/usr/local
--with-freetype-dir --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-zlib --with-libxml-dir=/usr --enable-xml --disable-rpath --enable-discard-path --enable-safe-mode --enable-bcmath --enable-shmop --enable-sysvsem --enable-inline-optimization --with-curl --with-curlwrappers
--enable-mbregex --enable-fastcgi --enable-fpm --enable-force-cgi-redirect --enable-mbstring --with-mcrypt --with-gd --enable-gd-native-ttf --with-openssl --with-mhash --enable-pcntl --enable-sockets --with-ldap --with-ldap-sasl --with-xmlrpc --enable-zip
--enable-soap

make ZEND_EXTRA_LIBS='-liconv'

make install

cp php.ini-dist /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini

cd ../
编译后出现错误

在编译php对mysqli的支持的时候出现了如下错误:
checking whether to enable embedded MySQLi support… no
checking for mysql_set_server_option in -lmysqlclient… no
configure: error: wrong mysql library version or lib not found. Check config.log for more information.
解决方案：

cd /usr/local/src/php-xxxxx/ext/mysqli yum -y install mysql-devel /usr/local/php/bin/phpize ./configure --with-php-config= /php-config --enable-embedded-mysqli=shared --enable-shared make && make install 这时屏幕会打印mysqli.so生成的路径, 在php.ini里加载就好啦

5、编译安装PHP5扩展模块

tar zxvf memcache-2.2.5.tgz

cd memcache-2.2.5/

/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize

./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config

make

make install

cd ../

tar jxvf eaccelerator-0.9.6.1.tar.bz2

cd eaccelerator-0.9.6.1/

/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize

./configure --enable-eaccelerator=shared --with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config

make

make install

cd ../

tar zxvf PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2.tgz

cd PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2/

/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize

./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config --with-pdo-mysql=/usr/local/webserver/mysql

make

make install

cd ../

tar zxvf ImageMagick.tar.gz

cd ImageMagick-6.5.1-2/

./configure

make

make install

cd ../

tar zxvf imagick-2.3.0.tgz

cd imagick-2.3.0/

/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize

./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config

make

make install

cd ../

二、配置php、php-fpm、nginx
　1、修改php.ini文件

　　手工修改：查找/usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini中的extension_dir = "./"
　　修改为extension_dir = "/usr/local/webserver/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/"
　　并在此行后增加以下几行，然后保存：
　　extension = "memcache.so"
　　extension = "pdo_mysql.so" //由于前面的mysql没有安装成功，这句话可以去掉
　　extension = "imagick.so"

　　再查找output_buffering = Off
　　修改为output_buffering = On

　　再查找

; cgi.fix_pathinfo=0

　　修改为

cgi.fix_pathinfo=0

即去掉前面的分号‘;’，防止Nginx文件类型错误解析漏洞。

　2、配置eAccelerator加速PHP：

mkdir -p /usr/local/webserver/eaccelerator_cache vi /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini

　　按shift+g键跳到配置文件的最末尾，加上以下配置信息：
引用

[eaccelerator] zend_extension="/usr/local/webserver/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/eaccelerator.so" eaccelerator.shm_size="64" eaccelerator.cache_dir="/usr/local/webserver/eaccelerator_cache" eaccelerator.enable="1" eaccelerator.optimizer="1" eaccelerator.check_mtime="1" eaccelerator.debug="0" eaccelerator.filter="" eaccelerator.shm_max="0" eaccelerator.shm_ttl="3600" eaccelerator.shm_prune_period="3600" eaccelerator.shm_only="0" eaccelerator.compress="1" eaccelerator.compress_level="9"

　　3、创建www用户和组，以及供blog.s135.com和www.s135.com两个虚拟主机使用的目录：

/usr/sbin/groupadd www /usr/sbin/useradd -g www www mkdir -p /data0/htdocs/blog chmod +w /data0/htdocs/blog chown -R www:www /data0/htdocs/blog mkdir -p /data0/htdocs/www chmod +w /data0/htdocs/www chown -R www:www /data0/htdocs/www

　　3、创建php-fpm配置文件
（php-fpm是为PHP打的一个FastCGI管理补丁，可以平滑变更php.ini配置而无需重启php-cgi）：
　　在/usr/local/webserver/php/etc/目录中创建php-fpm.conf文件：

rm -f /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php-fpm.conf vi /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php-fpm.conf

　　输入以下内容（如果您安装 Nginx + PHP 用于程序调试，请将以下的<value name="display_errors">0</value>改为<value name="display_errors">1</value>，以便显示PHP错误信息，否则，Nginx 会报状态为500的空白错误页）：

<?xml version="1.0" ?> <configuration> All relative paths in this config are relative to php's install prefix <section name="global_options"> Pid file <value name="pid_file">/usr/local/webserver/php/logs/php-fpm.pid</value> Error log file <value name="error_log">/usr/local/webserver/php/logs/php-fpm.log</value> Log level <value name="log_level">notice</value> When this amount of php processes exited with SIGSEGV or SIGBUS ... <value name="emergency_restart_threshold">10</value> ... in a less than this interval of time, a graceful restart will be initiated. Useful to work around accidental curruptions in accelerator's shared memory. <value name="emergency_restart_interval">1m</value> Time limit on waiting child's reaction on signals from master <value name="process_control_timeout">5s</value> Set to 'no' to debug fpm <value name="daemonize">yes</value> </section> <workers> <section name="pool"> Name of pool. Used in logs and stats. <value name="name">default</value> Address to accept fastcgi requests on. Valid syntax is 'ip.ad.re.ss:port' or just 'port' or '/path/to/unix/socket' <value name="listen_address">127.0.0.1:9000</value> <value name="listen_options"> Set listen(2) backlog <value name="backlog">-1</value> Set permissions for unix socket, if one used. In Linux read/write permissions must be set in order to allow connections from web server. Many BSD-derrived systems allow connections regardless of permissions. <value name="owner"></value> <value name="group"></value> <value name="mode">0666</value> </value> Additional php.ini defines, specific to this pool of workers. <value name="php_defines"> <value name="sendmail_path">/usr/sbin/sendmail -t -i</value> <value name="display_errors">0</value> </value> Unix user of processes <value name="user">www</value> Unix group of processes <value name="group">www</value> Process manager settings <value name="pm"> Sets style of controling worker process count. Valid values are 'static' and 'apache-like' <value name="style">static</value> Sets the limit on the number of simultaneous requests that will be served. Equivalent to Apache MaxClients directive. Equivalent to PHP_FCGI_CHILDREN environment in original php.fcgi Used with any pm_style. <value name="max_children">128</value> Settings group for 'apache-like' pm style <value name="apache_like"> Sets the number of server processes created on startup. Used only when 'apache-like' pm_style is selected <value name="StartServers">20</value> Sets the desired minimum number of idle server processes. Used only when 'apache-like' pm_style is selected <value name="MinSpareServers">5</value> Sets the desired maximum number of idle server processes. Used only when 'apache-like' pm_style is selected <value name="MaxSpareServers">35</value> </value> </value> The timeout (in seconds) for serving a single request after which the worker process will be terminated Should be used when 'max_execution_time' ini option does not stop script execution for some reason '0s' means 'off' <value name="request_terminate_timeout">0s</value> The timeout (in seconds) for serving of single request after which a php backtrace will be dumped to slow.log file '0s' means 'off' <value name="request_slowlog_timeout">0s</value> The log file for slow requests <value name="slowlog">logs/slow.log</value> Set open file desc rlimit <value name="rlimit_files">65535</value> Set max core size rlimit <value name="rlimit_core">0</value> Chroot to this directory at the start, absolute path <value name="chroot"></value> Chdir to this directory at the start, absolute path <value name="chdir"></value> Redirect workers' stdout and stderr into main error log. If not set, they will be redirected to /dev/null, according to FastCGI specs <value name="catch_workers_output">yes</value> How much requests each process should execute before respawn. Useful to work around memory leaks in 3rd party libraries. For endless request processing please specify 0 Equivalent to PHP_FCGI_MAX_REQUESTS? <value name="max_requests">1024</value> Comma separated list of ipv4 addresses of FastCGI clients that allowed to connect. Equivalent to FCGI_WEB_SERVER_ADDRS environment in original php.fcgi (5.2.2+) Makes sense only with AF_INET listening socket. <value name="allowed_clients">127.0.0.1</value> Pass environment variables like LD_LIBRARY_PATH All $VARIABLEs are taken from current environment <value name="environment"> <value name="HOSTNAME">$HOSTNAME</value> <value name="PATH">/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin</value> <value name="TMP">/tmp</value> <value name="TMPDIR">/tmp</value> <value name="TEMP">/tmp</value> <value name="OSTYPE">$OSTYPE</value> <value name="MACHTYPE">$MACHTYPE</value> <value name="MALLOC_CHECK_">2</value> </value> </section> </workers> </configuration>

　　4、启动php-fpm
启动php-cgi进程，监听127.0.0.1的9000端口，进程数为128（如果服务器内存小于3GB，可以只开启64个进程），用户为www：

ulimit -SHn 65535 /usr/local/webserver/php/sbin/php-fpm start

不知道为何在启动php-fpm时，提示

Starting php_fpm PHP Warning: PHP Startup: Unable to load dynamic library '/usr/local/webserver/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/memcache.so ' - /usr/local/webserver/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/memcache.so : cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory in Unknown on line 0 done

因此去掉php.ini中的extension = "memcache.so"
如果启动成功会显示：
starting php_fpm done
　　注：/usr/local/webserver/php/sbin/php-fpm还有其他参数，包括：start|stop|quit|restart|reload|logrotate，修改php.ini后不重启php-cgi，重新加载配置文件使用reload。


三、安装Nginx 1.2.3
1、确认有PCRE库
因为Nginx的Rewrite模块需要它。
安装命令：

yum -y install pcre pcre-devel

2、安装Nginx

wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.2.3.tar.gz tar zxvf nginx-1.2.3.tar.gz cd nginx-1.2.3 ./configure --user=www --group=www --prefix=/usr/local/webserver/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module make && make install

按照以上命令，Nginx将被默认安装到/usr/local/nginx目录下，可以通过./configure --help命令来查看Nginx可选择的编译选项。

3、创建Nginx日志目录

mkdir -p /data1/logs

chmod +w /data1/logs

chown -R www:www /data1/logs

4、创建Nginx配置文件
　　1)在/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/目录中创建nginx.conf文件：

vi /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

2)我这儿没有采用原文中的内容，而是自己修改了nginx.conf文件，修改内容如下：

修改前	修改后
#user nobody;	#user www www ;
#location ~ \.php$ { # root html; # fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; # fastcgi_index index.php; # fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name; # include fastcgi_params; # }	location ~ \.php$ { root html; fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; fastcgi_index index.php; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /usr/local/webserver/nginx/html$fastcgi_script_name; include fastcgi_params; }

3）利用下面语句，检测nginx.conf文件是否配置正确

/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx -t

注意：这句话仅用于检测配置文件是否正确，并没有重启nginx软件。还需要执行下面的语句才能进行重启
　　如果屏幕显示以下两行信息，说明配置文件正确：

　　the configuration file /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
syntax is ok

　　the configuration file /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf was tested successfully

4）修改nginx.conf文件以后，可以平滑重启（平滑重启：正常来讲，修改服务器配置以后，为了使服务器生效，那么需要关闭服务器并再次开启服务器；平滑重启，则是不需要你去关闭服务器并开启服务器，系统会自动完成）

/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload

5、启动Nginx

ulimit -SHn 65535

/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx

四、测试Nginx对PHP的解析功能

这里在/usr/local/nginx/html目录下创建一个phpinfo.php文件，内容如下：

<?php phpinfo(); ?>

然后通过浏览器访问http://127.0.0.1，默认会在浏览器显示“Welcome
to Nginx!”表示Nginx正常运行。

接着在浏览器中访问http://127.0.0.1/phpinfo.php，如果PHP能够正常解析，会出现PHP安装配置以及功能列表统计信息。
6、配置开机自动启动Nginx
+ PHP

vi /etc/rc.local

　　在末尾增加以下内容：

引用

ulimit -SHn 65535

/usr/local/webserver/php/sbin/php-fpm start

/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx

　五、优化Linux内核参数

vi /etc/sysctl.conf

　　在末尾增加以下内容：

引用

# Add

net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 65536

net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 32768

net.core.somaxconn = 32768

net.core.wmem_default = 8388608

net.core.rmem_default = 8388608

net.core.rmem_max = 16777216

net.core.wmem_max = 16777216

net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 0

net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries = 2

net.ipv4.tcp_syn_retries = 2

net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1

#net.ipv4.tcp_tw_len = 1

net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1

net.ipv4.tcp_mem = 94500000 915000000 927000000

net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 3276800

#net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30

#net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 120

net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65535

　　使配置立即生效：

/sbin/sysctl -p

　　7、在不停止Nginx服务的情况下平滑变更Nginx配置

　　1、修改/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf配置文件后，请执行以下命令检查配置文件是否正确：

/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
注意：这句话仅用于检测配置文件是否正确，并没有重启nginx软件。还需要执行下面的语句才能进行重启

　　如果屏幕显示以下两行信息，说明配置文件正确：

　　the configuration file /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax
is ok

　　the configuration file /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf was tested successfully

　　2、平滑重启：

　　①、对于Nginx 0.8.x版本，现在平滑重启Nginx配置非常简单，执行以下命令即可：

/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload

　　②、对于Nginx 0.8.x之前的版本，平滑重启稍微麻烦一些，按照以下步骤进行即可。输入以下命令查看Nginx主进程号：

ps -ef | grep "nginx: master process" | grep -v "grep" | awk -F ' ' '{print $2}'

　　屏幕显示的即为Nginx主进程号，例如：

　　6302

　　这时，执行以下命令即可使修改过的Nginx配置文件生效：

kill -HUP 6302

　　或者无需这么麻烦，找到Nginx的Pid文件：

kill -HUP `cat /usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.pid`

　　七、编写每天定时切割Nginx日志的脚本

　　1、创建脚本/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/cut_nginx_log.sh

vi /usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/cut_nginx_log.sh

　　输入以下内容：

引用

#!/bin/bash

# This script run at 00:00

# The Nginx logs path

logs_path="/usr/local/webserver/nginx/logs/"

mkdir -p ${logs_path}$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y")/$(date -d "yesterday" +"%m")/

mv ${logs_path}access.log ${logs_path}$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y")/$(date -d "yesterday" +"%m")/access_$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y%m%d").log

kill -USR1 `cat /usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.pid`

　　2、设置crontab，每天凌晨00:00切割nginx访问日志

crontab -e

　　输入以下内容：

引用

00 00 * * * /bin/bash /usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/cut_nginx_log.sh