Think_in_CPP第十二章 操作符重载(2)

12.3 二元运算符(Binary operators)

12.3.1 全局函数方式

class Integer {
long i;
public:
Integer(long ll = 0) : i(ll) {}
// Operators that create new, modified value:
friend const Integer operator+(const Integer& left, const Integer& right);
friend const Integer operator-(const Integer& left, const Integer& right);
friend const Integer operator*(const Integer& left, const Integer& right);
friend const Integer operator/(const Integer& left, const Integer& right);
friend const Integer operator%(const Integer& left, const Integer& right);
friend const Integer operator^(const Integer& left, const Integer& right);
friend const Integer operator&(const Integer& left, const Integer& right);
friend const Integer operator|(const Integer& left, const Integer& right);
friend const Integer operator<<(const Integer& left, const Integer& right);
friend const Integer operator>>(const Integer& left, const Integer& right);
// Assignments modify & return lvalue:
friend Integer& operator+=(Integer& left, const Integer& right);
friend Integer& operator-=(Integer& left, const Integer& right);
friend Integer& operator*=(Integer& left, const Integer& right);
friend Integer& operator/=(Integer& left, const Integer& right);
friend Integer& operator%=(Integer& left, const Integer& right);
friend Integer& operator^=(Integer& left, const Integer& right);
friend Integer& operator&=(Integer& left, const Integer& right);
friend Integer& operator|=(Integer& left, const Integer& right);
friend Integer& operator>>=(Integer& left, const Integer& right);
friend Integer& operator<<=(Integer& left, const Integer& right);
// Conditional operators return true/false:
friend int operator==(const Integer& left, const Integer& right);
friend int operator!=(const Integer& left, const Integer& right);
friend int operator<(const Integer& left, const Integer& right);
friend int operator>(const Integer& left, const Integer& right);
friend int operator<=(const Integer& left, const Integer& right);
friend int operator>=(const Integer& left, const Integer& right);
friend int operator&&(const Integer& left, const Integer& right);
friend int operator||(const Integer& left, const Integer& right);
};

const Integer
operator+(const Integer& left,
const Integer& right) {
return Integer(left.i + right.i);
}
const Integer
operator-(const Integer& left,
const Integer& right) {
return Integer(left.i - right.i);
}
const Integer
operator*(const Integer& left,
const Integer& right) {
return Integer(left.i * right.i);
}
const Integer
operator/(const Integer& left,
const Integer& right) {
require(right.i != 0, "divide by zero");
return Integer(left.i / right.i);
}
const Integer
operator%(const Integer& left,
const Integer& right) {
require(right.i != 0, "modulo by zero");
return Integer(left.i % right.i);
}
const Integer
operator^(const Integer& left,
const Integer& right) {
return Integer(left.i ^ right.i);
}
const Integer
operator&(const Integer& left,
const Integer& right) {
return Integer(left.i & right.i);
}
const Integer
operator|(const Integer& left,
const Integer& right) {
return Integer(left.i | right.i);
}
const Integer
operator<<(const Integer& left,
const Integer& right) {
return Integer(left.i << right.i);
}
const Integer
operator>>(const Integer& left,
const Integer& right) {
return Integer(left.i >> right.i);
}
// Assignments modify & return lvalue:
Integer& operator+=(Integer& left,
const Integer& right) {
if(&left == &right) {/* self-assignment */}
left.i += right.i;
return left;
}
Integer& operator-=(Integer& left,
const Integer& right) {
if(&left == &right) {/* self-assignment */}
left.i -= right.i;
return left;
}
Integer& operator*=(Integer& left,
const Integer& right) {
if(&left == &right) {/* self-assignment */}
left.i *= right.i;
return left;
}
Integer& operator/=(Integer& left,
const Integer& right) {
require(right.i != 0, "divide by zero");
if(&left == &right) {/* self-assignment */}
left.i /= right.i;
return left;
}
Integer& operator%=(Integer& left,
const Integer& right) {
require(right.i != 0, "modulo by zero");
if(&left == &right) {/* self-assignment */}
left.i %= right.i;
return left;
}
Integer& operator^=(Integer& left,
const Integer& right) {
if(&left == &right) {/* self-assignment */}
left.i ^= right.i;
return left;
}
Integer& operator&=(Integer& left,
const Integer& right) {
if(&left == &right) {/* self-assignment */}
left.i &= right.i;
return left;
}
Integer& operator|=(Integer& left,
const Integer& right) {
if(&left == &right) {/* self-assignment */}
left.i |= right.i;
return left;
}
Integer& operator>>=(Integer& left,
const Integer& right) {
if(&left == &right) {/* self-assignment */}
left.i >>= right.i;
return left;
}
Integer& operator<<=(Integer& left,
const Integer& right) {
if(&left == &right) {/* self-assignment */}
left.i <<= right.i;
return left;
}
// Conditional operators return true/false:
int operator==(const Integer& left,
const Integer& right) {
return left.i == right.i;
}
int operator!=(const Integer& left,
const Integer& right) {
return left.i != right.i;
}
int operator<(const Integer& left,
const Integer& right) {
return left.i < right.i;
}
int operator>(const Integer& left,
const Integer& right) {
return left.i > right.i;
}
int operator<=(const Integer& left,
const Integer& right) {
return left.i <= right.i;
}
int operator>=(const Integer& left,
const Integer& right) {
return left.i >= right.i;
}
int operator&&(const Integer& left,
const Integer& right) {
return left.i && right.i;
}
int operator||(const Integer& left,
const Integer& right) {
return left.i || right.i;
}

12.3.2 成员函数方式

class Byte {
unsigned char b;
public:
Byte(unsigned char bb = 0) : b(bb) {}
// No side effects: const member function:
const Byte
operator+(const Byte& right) const {
return Byte(b + right.b);
}
const Byte
operator-(const Byte& right) const {
return Byte(b - right.b);
}
const Byte
operator*(const Byte& right) const {
return Byte(b * right.b);
}
const Byte
operator/(const Byte& right) const {
require(right.b != 0, "divide by zero");
return Byte(b / right.b);
}
const Byte
operator%(const Byte& right) const {
require(right.b != 0, "modulo by zero");
return Byte(b % right.b);
}
const Byte
operator^(const Byte& right) const {
return Byte(b ^ right.b);
}
const Byte
operator&(const Byte& right) const {
return Byte(b & right.b);
}
const Byte
operator|(const Byte& right) const {
return Byte(b | right.b);
}
const Byte
operator<<(const Byte& right) const {
return Byte(b << right.b);
}
const Byte
operator>>(const Byte& right) const {
return Byte(b >> right.b);
}
// Assignments modify & return lvalue.
// operator= can only be a member function:
Byte& operator=(const Byte& right) {
// Handle self-assignment:
if(this == &right) return *this;
b = right.b;
return *this;
}
Byte& operator+=(const Byte& right) {
if(this == &right) {/* self-assignment */}
b += right.b;
return *this;
}
Byte& operator-=(const Byte& right) {
if(this == &right) {/* self-assignment */}
b -= right.b;
return *this;
}
Byte& operator*=(const Byte& right) {
if(this == &right) {/* self-assignment */}
b *= right.b;
return *this;
}
Byte& operator/=(const Byte& right) {
require(right.b != 0, "divide by zero");
if(this == &right) {/* self-assignment */}
b /= right.b;
return *this;
}
Byte& operator%=(const Byte& right) {
require(right.b != 0, "modulo by zero");
if(this == &right) {/* self-assignment */}
b %= right.b;
return *this;
}
Byte& operator^=(const Byte& right) {
if(this == &right) {/* self-assignment */}
b ^= right.b;
return *this;
}
Byte& operator&=(const Byte& right) {
if(this == &right) {/* self-assignment */}
b &= right.b;
return *this;
}
Byte& operator|=(const Byte& right) {
if(this == &right) {/* self-assignment */}
b |= right.b;
return *this;
}
Byte& operator>>=(const Byte& right) {
if(this == &right) {/* self-assignment */}
b >>= right.b;
return *this;
}
Byte& operator<<=(const Byte& right) {
if(this == &right) {/* self-assignment */}
b <<= right.b;
return *this;
}
// Conditional operators return true/false:
int operator==(const Byte& right) const {
return b == right.b;
}
int operator!=(const Byte& right) const {
return b != right.b;
}
int operator<(const Byte& right) const {
return b < right.b;
}
int operator>(const Byte& right) const {
return b > right.b;
}
int operator<=(const Byte& right) const {
return b <= right.b;
}
int operator>=(const Byte& right) const {
return b >= right.b;
}
int operator&&(const Byte& right) const {
return b && right.b;
}
int operator||(const Byte& right) const {
return b || right.b;
}
// Write the contents to an ostream:
void print(std::ostream& os) const {
os << "0x" << std::hex << int(b) << std::dec;
}
};

12.3.3 要点备忘

1.operator=只允许成员函数方式。

2.所有的赋值操作符都要检查是否自赋值（self-assignment），但是在有的情况下是不需要的，比如A+=A。最需要检查此项的是operator=，尽管在某些情况下不检查也能得到想要的结果，但是建议在重载operator=的时候，检查是否是自赋值。