VC窗口类的相关问题

一 窗口注册和创建

1 Win32窗口程序创建步骤

1.1 WinMain入口函数的定义

1.2 WindowProc函数的定义

1.3 注册窗口类

RegisterClass/RegisterClassEx

1.4 创建窗口

CreateWindow/CreateWindowEx

1.5 窗口的显示和刷新

ShowWindow/UpdateWindow

1.6 消息处理

GetMessage/DispatchMessage

1.7 窗口退出

WM_DESTROY/PostQuitMessage

2 窗口的注册

2.1 窗口类的分类

2.1.1 系统全局的窗口类.比如按钮("BUTTON")、文本编辑框("EDIT")等。

2.1.2 应用程序的全局窗口类。可以在一个应用程序中EXE、DLL等所有模块中使用的窗口类。

2.1.3 局部窗口类。只能在本模块中使用的窗口类。

2.2 实现窗口类的注册

2.2.1 系统全局的窗口类，无需注册直接使用。使用CreateWindow函数，在CLASSNAME中指定系统已经定义好的窗口类型名称即可。




View
Code

#include <windows.h>
#include "stdio.h"

HINSTANCE g_hInst = NULL;
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hWnd, UINT nMsg,
WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
switch(nMsg) {
case WM_DESTROY: PostQuitMessage(0);
return 0;
}
return DefWindowProc(hWnd, nMsg, wParam, lParam);
}

HWND CreateButton()
{
HWND hWnd = CreateWindow("BUTTON", "Button", WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
0, 0, 500, 600, NULL, NULL, g_hInst, NULL);
return hWnd;
}

void DisplayWnd(HWND hWnd)
{
ShowWindow(hWnd, SW_SHOW);
UpdateWindow(hWnd);
}

void Message()
{
MSG msg = {0};
while(GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0))
{
TranslateMessage(&msg);
DispatchMessage(&msg);
}
}

int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInst,
HINSTANCE hPrevInt,
LPSTR lpCmdLine,
int nShowCmd)
{
g_hInst = hInst;
HWND hWndBtn = CreateButton();
DisplayWnd(hWndBtn);
Message();
return 0;
}

2.2.2 应用程序的全局窗口类,需要用代码实现注册，在注册时需要增加CS_GLOBALCLASS定义。

实现方式：

WNDCLASS wc = {0};
wc.style = CS_GLOBALCLASS|CS_HREDRAW..;
....
RegisterClass( &wc );

2.2.3 局部窗口类，不是增加CS_GLOBALCLASS定义。使用RegisterClass和RegisterClassEx注册

typedef struct _WNDCLASSEX {
UINT    cbSize; //结构体的大小
UINT    style;
WNDPROC lpfnWndProc;
int     cbClsExtra;
int     cbWndExtra;
HANDLE  hInstance;
HICON   hIcon;
HCURSOR hCursor;
HBRUSH  hbrBackground;
LPCTSTR lpszMenuName;
LPCTSTR lpszClassName;
HICON   hIconSm; //小图标
} WNDCLASSEX;

2.2.4 窗口类风格

CS_HREDRAW 窗口水平变化，重新绘制窗口。
CS_VREDRAW 窗口垂直变化，重新绘制窗口。
CS_DBCLICK 窗口可以接收鼠标双击消息
CS_GLOBALCLASS 创建应用程序全局窗口类。
CS_BYTEALIGNWINDOW 窗口对齐方式,以8的倍数对齐
CS_BYTEALIGNCLIENT 窗口客户区对齐方式,以8的倍数对齐
CS_CLASSDC 所有这种类型的窗口使用同一个DC(设备描述表,绘图使用)
CS_OWNDC 每个窗口拥有自己的DC
CS_PARENTDC 使用父窗口的DC
CS_SAVEBITS 是用位图保存窗口界面,可以提高窗口界面的刷新性能
CS_NOCLOSE 禁止关闭命令.

View
Code

#include <windows.h>
#include "stdio.h"

HINSTANCE g_hInst = NULL;
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hWnd, UINT nMsg,
WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
switch(nMsg) {
case WM_DESTROY: PostQuitMessage(0);
return 0;
}
return DefWindowProc(hWnd, nMsg, wParam, lParam);
}

BOOL RegisterWnd(LPSTR pszClassName)
{
WNDCLASSEX wce = {0};
wce.cbSize = sizeof(wce);
wce.style = CS_VREDRAW|CS_HREDRAW;
wce.lpfnWndProc = WndProc;
wce.cbClsExtra = 0;
wce.cbWndExtra = 0;
wce.hCursor = NULL;
wce.hIcon = NULL;
wce.hbrBackground = HBRUSH(COLOR_BTNFACE+1);
wce.lpszClassName = pszClassName;
wce.lpszMenuName = NULL;
wce.hInstance = g_hInst;
ATOM nAtom = RegisterClassEx(&wce);
if(0 == nAtom)
{
MessageBox(NULL, "registerError", "Error", MB_OK);
return FALSE;
}
return TRUE;
}

HWND CreateWnd(LPSTR pszClassName)
{
HWND hWnd = CreateWindow(pszClassName,
"MyWnd", WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, 0, 0, 400, 500,
NULL, NULL, g_hInst, NULL);
return hWnd;
}

void DisplayWnd(HWND hWnd)
{
ShowWindow(hWnd, SW_SHOW);
UpdateWindow(hWnd);
}

void Message()
{
MSG msg = {0};
while(GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0))
{
TranslateMessage(&msg);
DispatchMessage(&msg);
}
}

int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInst,
HINSTANCE hPrevInt,
LPSTR lpCmdLine,
int nShowCmd)
{
g_hInst = hInst;
RegisterWnd("MyWnd1");
HWND hMyWnd = CreateWnd("MyWnd1");

DisplayWnd(hMyWnd);
Message();
return 0;
}

2.2.5 窗口类的附加数据 cbClsExtra

在窗口类的数据信息中添加自己信息.

cbClsExtra 用于添加信息的内存的大小

SetClassLong 将信息保存到内存中

GetClassLong 将信息从内存中取出

DWORD SetClassLong(
HWND hWnd,//窗口的句柄
int nIndex, //值的索引号
LONG dwNewLong   //值
);
DWORD GetClassLong(
HWND hWnd,//窗口的句柄
int nIndex, //值的索引号
);

cbClsExtra的长度一般是4字节的倍数

2.2.6 窗口附加数据 cbWndExtra

在窗口的数据信息中添加自己信息.

cbWndExtra 用于添加信息的内存的大小

SetWindowLong 将信息保存到内存中

GetWindowLong 将信息从内存中取出




View
Code

#include <windows.h>
#include "stdio.h"

HINSTANCE g_hInst = NULL;
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hWnd, UINT nMsg,
WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
switch(nMsg) {
case WM_DESTROY: PostQuitMessage(0);
return 0;
}
return DefWindowProc(hWnd, nMsg, wParam, lParam);
}

BOOL RegisterWnd(LPSTR pszClassName)
{
WNDCLASSEX wce = {0};
wce.cbSize = sizeof(wce);
wce.style = CS_VREDRAW|CS_HREDRAW;
wce.lpfnWndProc = WndProc;
wce.cbClsExtra = 100;
wce.cbWndExtra = 100;
wce.hCursor = NULL;
wce.hIcon = NULL;
wce.hbrBackground = HBRUSH(COLOR_BTNFACE+1);
wce.lpszClassName = pszClassName;
wce.lpszMenuName = NULL;
wce.hInstance = g_hInst;
ATOM nAtom = RegisterClassEx(&wce);
if(0 == nAtom)
{
MessageBox(NULL, "registerError", "Error", MB_OK);
return FALSE;
}
return TRUE;
}

HWND CreateWnd(LPSTR pszClassName)
{
HWND hWnd = CreateWindow(pszClassName,
"MyWnd", WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, 0, 0, 400, 500,
NULL, NULL, g_hInst, NULL);
return hWnd;
}

void SetExtra(HWND hWnd)
{
SetClassLong(hWnd, 1, 100);
SetWindowLong(hWnd, 1, 200);
}

void GetExtra(HWND hWnd)
{
DWORD nClass = GetClassLong(hWnd, 1);
DWORD nWnd = GetWindowLong(hWnd, 1);

CHAR szText[256] = {0};
sprintf(szText, "CLS:%d WND:%d", nClass, nWnd);
MessageBox(NULL, szText, "Extra", MB_OK);
}

void DisplayWnd(HWND hWnd)
{
ShowWindow(hWnd, SW_SHOW);
UpdateWindow(hWnd);
}

void Message()
{
MSG msg = {0};
while(GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0))
{
TranslateMessage(&msg);
DispatchMessage(&msg);
}
}

int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInst,
HINSTANCE hPrevInt,
LPSTR lpCmdLine,
int nShowCmd)
{
g_hInst = hInst;
RegisterWnd("MyWnd1");
HWND hMyWnd1 = CreateWnd("MyWnd1");
HWND hMyWnd2 = CreateWnd("MyWnd1");

SetExtra(hMyWnd1);
GetExtra(hMyWnd1);
GetExtra(hMyWnd2);

DisplayWnd(hMyWnd1);
Message();
return 0;
}

2.3 窗口类的相关函数

RegisterClass/RegisterClassEx 注册

UnregisterClass 注销

GetClassInfo/GetClassInfoEx 获取信息

GetClassName 获取窗口的窗口类名称

GetClassLong/SetClassLong 窗口类附加数据的设置和获取

GetWindowLong/SetWindowLong 窗口的附加数据的设置和获取

2.4 创建窗口时如何定位窗口类

2.4.1 查找应用程序局部的窗口类。如果找到，执行2.4.2，否则执行2.4.3

2.4.2 如果找到名称一致的窗口类，会比较HISNTANCE句柄。如果相等，就使用找到的窗口类信息创建窗口，如果不同，继续查找，执行2.4.3。

2.4.3 如果未找到名称一致的窗口类，会继续在应用程序全局窗口类中查找。如果找到，执行2.4.4，否则执行2.4.5

2.4.4 全局窗口类找到一致的，使用找到的窗口类信息创建窗口。

2.4.5 系统全局窗口类中查找。如果找到，创建窗口，否则返回失败。

3 窗口创建

3.1 窗口创建函数

CreateWindow/CreateWindowEx
HWND CreateWindowEx(
DWORD dwExStyle,//窗口的扩展样式
LPCTSTR lpClassName,  // pointer to registered class name
LPCTSTR lpWindowName, // pointer to window name
DWORD dwStyle,        // window style
int x,                // horizontal position of window
int y,                // vertical position of window
int nWidth,           // window width
int nHeight,          // window height
HWND hWndParent,      // handle to parent or owner window
HMENU hMenu,          // handle to menu, or child-window identifier
HINSTANCE hInstance,  // handle to application instance
LPVOID lpParam );     // pointer to window-creation data

3.2 窗口风格和扩展风格

窗口风格: WS_XXXX定义的风格,是窗口的基本风格.

扩展风格: WS_EX_XXXXX 定义的风格,是窗口的扩展风格.比如: ToolWindow窗口等等.

在CreateWindow可以使用基本窗口风格,扩展的窗口风格,需要使用CreateWindowEx设置.

WS_OVERLAPPED窗口,层叠式窗口

WS_POPUP窗口,弹出式窗口

WS_CHILD窗口,子窗口

3.3 父窗口和子窗口

3.3.1 CreateWindow时,指定父窗口

3.3.2 将窗口的风格增加WS_CHILD

3.3.3 可以使用SetParent和GetParent函数设置和获取指定窗口的父窗口.

其他: MoveWindow 移动窗口.

3.4 MDI窗口的创建

3.4.1 创建主窗口

注册主窗口类型,创建主窗口.

HWND hWnd = CreateWindowEx( 0,
pszClassName, "MainWnd",
WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, CW_USEDEFAULT,
CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,
CW_USEDEFAULT, NULL, NULL, g_hInst,
NULL );

3.4.2 MDICLIENT窗口

1 添加CLIENTCREATESTRUCT结构,作为附加数据

CLIENTCREATESTRUCT cs = { 0 };

cs.idFirstChild = 1000;//MDI第一个子窗口的ID

2 创建时,使用"MDICLIENT"窗口类型.

3 它的父窗口是主窗口

HWND hWnd = CreateWindowEx( 0,
"MDICLIENT", "MainWnd",
WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE, CW_USEDEFAULT,
CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,
CW_USEDEFAULT, hParent, NULL, g_hInst,
&cs );

3.4.3 创建一个MDI子窗口

1 注册主窗口类型,创建子窗口

2 它的父窗口为MDICLIENT窗口

3 增加WS_EX_MDICHILD的风格

HWND hWnd =
CreateWindowEx( WS_EX_MDICHILD,
pszClassName, "ChildWnd",
WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE, CW_USEDEFAULT,
CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,
CW_USEDEFAULT, hParent, NULL,
g_hInst, NULL );

View
Code

// WinMDI.cpp : Defines the entry point for the application.
//

#include "stdafx.h"

HINSTANCE g_hInst = NULL;
HWND g_hMDIClient = NULL;

//主窗口的窗口处理函数
LRESULT CALLBACK MainProc( HWND hWnd,
UINT nMsg,
WPARAM wParam,
LPARAM lParam )
{
switch( nMsg )
{
case WM_DESTROY:
PostQuitMessage( 0 );
return 0;
}
return DefFrameProc( hWnd, g_hMDIClient,
nMsg, wParam, lParam );
}
//子窗口的窗口处理函数
LRESULT CALLBACK ChildProc( HWND hWnd,
UINT nMsg,
WPARAM wParam,
LPARAM lParam )
{
return DefMDIChildProc( hWnd, nMsg,
wParam, lParam );
}
//窗口注册函数
BOOL RegisterWnd( LPSTR   pszClassName,
WNDPROC Proc,
int     nBrush )
{
WNDCLASSEX wce = { 0 };
wce.cbSize     = sizeof( wce );
wce.style      = CS_HREDRAW|CS_VREDRAW;
wce.cbClsExtra = 0;
wce.cbWndExtra = 0;
wce.lpfnWndProc= Proc;
wce.hInstance  = g_hInst;
wce.hCursor    = NULL;
wce.hIcon      = NULL;
wce.hbrBackground = HBRUSH(nBrush);
wce.lpszClassName = pszClassName;
wce.lpszMenuName  = NULL;
wce.hIconSm       = NULL;

ATOM nAtom = RegisterClassEx( &wce );
if( nAtom == 0 )
{
return FALSE;
}
return TRUE;
}
//显示窗口
void DisplayWnd( HWND hWnd )
{
ShowWindow( hWnd, SW_SHOW );
UpdateWindow( hWnd );
}
//消息循环
void Message( )
{
MSG msg = { 0 };
while( GetMessage( &msg, NULL, 0, 0 ) )
{
DispatchMessage( &msg );
}
}
//创建主窗口
HWND CreateMainWnd( LPSTR pszClassName )
{
HWND hWnd = CreateWindowEx( 0,
pszClassName, "MainWnd",
WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, CW_USEDEFAULT,
CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,
CW_USEDEFAULT, NULL, NULL, g_hInst,
NULL );
return hWnd;
}
//创建MDICLIENT窗口
HWND CreateMDIClient( HWND hParent )
{
CLIENTCREATESTRUCT cs = { 0 };
cs.idFirstChild = 1000;
HWND hWnd = CreateWindowEx( 0,
"MDICLIENT", "MainWnd",
WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE, CW_USEDEFAULT,
CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,
CW_USEDEFAULT, hParent, NULL, g_hInst,
&cs );
return hWnd;
}
//创建MDI子窗口
HWND CreateChildWnd( LPSTR pszClassName,
HWND hParent )
{
HWND hWnd = CreateWindowEx( WS_EX_MDICHILD,
pszClassName, "ChildWnd",
WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE, CW_USEDEFAULT,
CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,
CW_USEDEFAULT, hParent, NULL, g_hInst,
NULL );
return hWnd;
}

int APIENTRY WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance,
HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
LPSTR     lpCmdLine,
int       nCmdShow)
{    //注册主窗口
RegisterWnd( "MainWnd", MainProc,
COLOR_BTNFACE+1 );
//注册子窗口
RegisterWnd( "ChildWnd", ChildProc,
COLOR_WINDOW );
//创建MDI主窗口
HWND hMain = CreateMainWnd( "MainWnd" );
//创建MDICLIENT窗口
g_hMDIClient = CreateMDIClient( hMain );
MoveWindow( g_hMDIClient, 0, 0, 500,
500, TRUE );
//创建MDI子窗口
CreateChildWnd( "ChildWnd",
g_hMDIClient );
CreateChildWnd( "ChildWnd",
g_hMDIClient );
CreateChildWnd( "ChildWnd",
g_hMDIClient );

//显示和消息处理
DisplayWnd( hMain );
Message( );
return 0;
}

View
Code

// WinCreate.cpp : Defines the entry point for the application.
//

#include "stdafx.h"

HINSTANCE g_hInst = NULL;
// 父窗口的处理函数
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc( HWND hWnd,
UINT nMsg,
WPARAM wParam,
LPARAM lParam )
{
switch( nMsg )
{
case WM_DESTROY:
PostQuitMessage( 0 );
return 0;
}
return DefWindowProc( hWnd, nMsg,
wParam, lParam );
}
//子窗口的处理函数
LRESULT CALLBACK ChildProc( HWND hWnd,
UINT nMsg,
WPARAM wParam,
LPARAM lParam )
{
return DefWindowProc( hWnd, nMsg,
wParam, lParam );
}
//消息处理函数
void Message( )
{
MSG msg = { 0 };
while( GetMessage( &msg, NULL, 0, 0 ) )
{
DispatchMessage( &msg );
}
}
//显示窗口
void DisplayWnd( HWND hWnd )
{
ShowWindow( hWnd, SW_SHOW );
UpdateWindow( hWnd );
}
//创建窗口
HWND CreateWnd( LPSTR pszClassName,
DWORD nStyle,
HWND  hParent )
{
HWND hWnd = CreateWindowEx(
0,
pszClassName,
"MyWnd",
nStyle,
CW_USEDEFAULT,
CW_USEDEFAULT,
CW_USEDEFAULT,
CW_USEDEFAULT,
hParent,NULL,g_hInst,NULL );
return hWnd;
}
//注册窗口
BOOL RegisterWnd( LPSTR      pszClassName,
WNDPROC proc,
int     nBrush )
{
WNDCLASSEX wce = { 0 };
wce.cbSize      = sizeof( wce );
wce.style       = CS_HREDRAW|CS_VREDRAW;
wce.cbClsExtra  = 0;
wce.cbWndExtra  = 0;
wce.lpfnWndProc = proc;
wce.hIcon        = NULL;
wce.hCursor     = NULL;
wce.hbrBackground = HBRUSH( nBrush );
wce.hInstance     = g_hInst;
wce.lpszClassName = pszClassName;
wce.lpszMenuName  = NULL;
wce.hIconSm       = NULL;
ATOM nAtom = RegisterClassEx( &wce );
if( 0 == nAtom )
{
return FALSE;
}
return TRUE;
}

int APIENTRY WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance,
HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
LPSTR     lpCmdLine,
int       nCmdShow)
{
g_hInst = hInstance;
//注册父窗口类
RegisterWnd( "MyWnd", WndProc,
COLOR_BTNFACE+1 );
//注册子窗口类
RegisterWnd( "Child", ChildProc,
COLOR_WINDOW );
//创建父窗口
HWND hWnd = CreateWnd( "MyWnd",
WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, NULL );
//创建子窗口
HWND hChild1 = CreateWnd( "Child",
WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE|WS_BORDER|
WS_THICKFRAME|WS_CAPTION|WS_SYSMENU|
WS_MINIMIZEBOX|WS_MAXIMIZEBOX,
hWnd );
HWND hChild2 = CreateWnd( "Child",
WS_POPUP|WS_VISIBLE|
WS_THICKFRAME|WS_CAPTION|WS_SYSMENU,
hWnd );
HWND hChild3 = CreateWnd( "Child",
WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE|WS_BORDER,
hWnd );
//移动窗口位置
MoveWindow( hChild1, 100, 100,
200, 200, TRUE );
MoveWindow( hChild2, 100, 200,
200, 200, TRUE );
MoveWindow( hChild3, 100, 300,
200, 200, TRUE );
//显示父窗口
DisplayWnd( hWnd );
Message( );
return 0;
}