分享我使用中的Linux软件

由于习惯与使用目的的不同，每个人都会形成一些习惯性，并习惯性的使用着一些配套工具。许多工具由于其特有的一些优点，一直深受我们的喜爱。在浩如烟海的工具集中，我们该如何取舍，寻找属于我们自己风格的部件，这真是一个很困难的事情。最近本人总结了一下在机器中安装与经常使用的一些工具，根据自己的理解，记录如下（以备今后需要时有所参考，或供同道者参考之用）：

Software used in my linux system

Programming soft

Eclipse +jdk+jre java developing environment

Geany+gcc c/c++ developing environment

MonoDevelop .Net c# developing environment

mysql database developing and management

Matlab matlab developing and math analysis

System management soft

terminal/konsole using the shell

dolphin visual file management（文件管理的图形界面）

phone manager manage phones connected to this computer

Game and fun

kigo Chinese go playing（中国围棋）

kollision user control one ball avoiding collision with the other balls

ksnake a snake trying to eat all of the roadblocks（贪吃蛇）

palapeli trying to fix a broken picture（拼图）

killbots control a hero, avoiding the robots and try to destroy them

mines/kmines try to find the bombs（挖地雷）

Office and study

LibreOffice includes Writer, Calc, Impress, Draw, etc.

Kile/TexWorks+texlive tex/latex composing environment（Kile有记忆功能，之前打过的单词会以快捷菜单的形式提供，加快录入速度，个人感觉比winedit和texworks好用）

gedit/kwrite/knote notes and simple document editing and viewing（knote能打开windows的文本文档）

klatexformula constructs math formula (like mathtype), generating latex codes（公式编辑器，生成latex代码）

evince/okular pdf file viewer（okular有强大的编辑功能）

Using the net

firefox/opera/konquor surfing the net

empathy/pidgin chatting online

skype communicating between computer and phone

evolution/thunderbird mail management client（下载并删除服务器中的邮件，对鼠标滑轮的支持不如windows live mail，通过纯文本加载方式可以提高接收邮件的速度）

transmission file uploading or donwloading（支持断点续传）

Command tools

directory&file management

cd change direcotry

dir see the available files and folders in a directory

mkdir create a directory

rm remove (delete) some resource

mv move and rename a file (files)

cp/dd copy sources include files, folds, block devices

ls List the contents of your a directory

pwd show present working directory

vim view or edit plain text files

more/less Displays text one screen at a time ('space' key for next page)

grep search plain-text data sets for lines matching a regular expression

cat show contents of a file, or concatenates and lists files

touch create an empty file, modify access time of an exist file

head/tail Print the first(last) 10 lines of each FILE to standard output

stat Display file or file system status

sort Write sorted concatenation of all FILE(s) to standard output

wc displays a count of lines, words, and characters in a file

cmp/diff compare files and show differences between files

pr print out text file, control columns

umask chmod chown chgrp

file find ln tar cpio

df/du report disk space usage by filesystem

user and group management

useradd usermod userdel

groupadd groupmod groupdel

passwd

who whoami tty id su gpasswd newgrp

wall send message to all log in users

w show who is working and what is being done

process controlling and management

pstree/ps display information on current process

kill/killall kill some process

top produce an ordered list of running processes by some criteria

task management

at/batch schedule commands to be executed once, at a particular time

crontab schedule jobs to run periodically at certain times or dates

date&time management

date view or set date and time of the computer

cal calender

net working tool

ping test whether a particular host is reachable across an IP network

netstat displays network connections (both incoming and outgoing), routing tables, and a number of network interface statistics

arp hostname route ifconfig ifup/ifdown traceroute

telnet ssh ftp/tftp mail wget talk/write/mesg

other

yum/apt-get soft management

mount/unmount mount or unmount additional media such as usb disk

clear clear the contents of a screen

echo to output status text to the screen or a file

env display environment, set environment for process

which Write the full path of COMMAND(s) to standard output

alias supplying name/value pairs as arguments

备注：对于可执行文件，有些文件还有另外两种执行有关的属性：设置用户ID（setuid/suid），设置组ID（setgid/sgid）。当一个程序具有suid属性时，它执行的uid将是该程序所有者的uid，即有效uid，记为euid；而执行者原来的uid称为真实uid，记为ruid。suid对应于4000，sgid对应于2000。（按照文件的属性，若用八进制表示，它的u、g、o的读、写和执行权限可分别，400，40，4；200，20，2；100，10，1）。UNIX/Linux系统允许目录使用sticky属性（黏着位）。当一个目录设置了sticky位后，它内部的文件只能被文件主，目录主或超级用户删除、移动或更改。sticky对应于1000.