搭建postfix邮件服务器

需要安装的软件包：postfix

环境为：redhat 6.1 32bit

主配置文件 /etc/postfix/main.cf

运行参数配置/etc/postfix/master.cf

访问控制文件 /etc/postfix/access

别名数据库文件/etc/aliases

虚拟别名域库文件/etc/postfix/virtual

这次实验实现了收发邮件的基本功能，还有指定别名实现群发。
具体过程如下：

[root@localhost etc]# cd /var/named/chroot/var/named/
[root@localhost named]# ls
1.zone  data     named.ca     named.localhost  slaves
chroot  dynamic  named.empty  named.loopback
[root@localhost named]# vim 1.zone	#先修改DNS域名服务器，使之能够解析邮件服务器地址

$TTL 1D
@       IN SOA example.com. root. (
0       ; serial
1D      ; refresh
1H      ; retry
1W      ; expire
3H )    ; minimum
NS      chen
@       MX      10      mail	#@ 指在本域内，即example.com，MX为邮件服务器解析，10优先级，mail为邮件服务器的hostname

mail    A       192.169.1.100	#解析到自己
example.com.    A       192.169.1.100
station1        A       192.169.1.100
www             A       192.169.1.100
chen            A       192.169.1.100
ftp             CNAME   www

[root@localhost named]# service named restart
停止 named：..^C
[root@localhost named]# ps aux|grep named
root      6205  0.0  0.0 103244   860 pts/12   S+   11:04   0:00 grep named
named    30927  0.0  2.9 235964 30508 ?        Ssl  01:36   0:05 /usr/sbin/named -u named -t /var/named/chroot
[root@localhost named]# kill -9 30927
[root@localhost named]# service named start
启动 named：                                               [确定]
[root@localhost named]# nslookup www.example.com
Server:		192.169.1.100
Address:	192.169.1.100#53

Name:	www.example.com
Address: 192.169.1.100

[root@localhost named]# nslookup mail.example.com	#可以正常解析
Server:		192.169.1.100
Address:	192.169.1.100#53

Name:	mail.example.com
Address: 192.169.1.100

[root@localhost named]# hostname
localhost.localdomain
[root@localhost named]# hostname mail.example.com	#修改hostname
[root@localhost named]# vim /etc/sysconfig/network	#写入配置文件

NETWORKING=yes
HOSTNAME=mail.example.com

[root@localhost named]# yum -y install postfix		#安装postfix包
Loaded plugins: refresh-packagekit, rhnplugin
This system is not registered with RHN.
RHN support will be disabled.
Setting up Install Process
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package postfix.i686 2:2.6.6-2.2.el6_1 set to be updated
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

================================================================================
Package        Arch        Version                    Repository          Size
================================================================================
Updating:
postfix        i686        2:2.6.6-2.2.el6_1          rhel-source        2.0 M

Transaction Summary
================================================================================
Install       0 Package(s)
Upgrade       1 Package(s)

Total download size: 2.0 M
Downloading Packages:
Running rpm_check_debug
Running Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
Updating       : 2:postfix-2.6.6-2.2.el6_1.i686                           1/2
Cleanup        : 2:postfix-2.6.6-2.el6.i686                               2/2

Updated:
postfix.i686 2:2.6.6-2.2.el6_1

Complete!
[root@localhost named]# cd /etc/postfix/
[root@localhost postfix]# ls
access     generic        main.cf    relocated  virtual
canonical  header_checks  master.cf  transport
[root@localhost postfix]# vim main.cf		#修改主配置文件

#主要配置如下几个地方
myhostname = mail.example.com		#本机主机名
mydomain = example.com			#域名
myorigin = $mydomain			#设置由本机寄出去的邮件所使用的域名或主机名
inet_interfaces = all			#postfix所监听的网络
mydestination = $myhostname, localhost.$mydomain, localhost, example.com	#设置可接受邮件的主机名和域名
mynetworks = 192.169.1.0/24		#设置在什么网络内收发邮件
relay_domains = $mydestination		#设置在什么网域内收发邮件

[root@localhost postfix]# service postfix restart
关闭 postfix：                                             [确定]
启动 postfix：                                             [确定]
[root@localhost postfix]# id user1
uid=502(user1) gid=502(user1) 组=502(user1)
[root@localhost postfix]# mail user1
Subject: hello user1
nihao
EOT
[root@localhost postfix]# su - user1
[user1@mail ~]$ mail
Heirloom Mail version 12.4 7/29/08.  Type ? for help.
"/var/spool/mail/user1": 1 message 1 new
>N  1 root                  Mon Aug 13 11:14  18/551   "hello user1"
& 1
Message  1:
From root@example.com  Mon Aug 13 11:14:57 2012
Return-Path: <root@example.com>
X-Original-To: user1
Delivered-To: user1@example.com
Date: Mon, 13 Aug 2012 11:14:57 +0800
To: user1@example.com
Subject: hello user1
User-Agent: Heirloom mailx 12.4 7/29/08
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
From: root@example.com (root)
Status: R

nihao

& quit
Held 1 message in /var/spool/mail/user1
[user1@mail ~]$

------------------群发，指定别名-------------------
[root@localhost postfix]# pwd
/etc/postfix
[root@localhost postfix]# ls
access     generic        main.cf    relocated  virtual
canonical  header_checks  master.cf  transport
[root@localhost postfix]# vim main.cf

#指定别名数据库，第386和397行要打开，指定别名数据库
385 #alias_maps = dbm:/etc/aliases
386 alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases
387 #alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases, nis:mail.aliases
388 #alias_maps = netinfo:/aliases
389
390 # The alias_database parameter specifies the alias database(s) that
391 # are built with "newaliases" or "sendmail -bi".  This is a separate
392 # configuration parameter, because alias_maps (see above) may specify
393 # tables that are not necessarily all under control by Postfix.
394 #
395 #alias_database = dbm:/etc/aliases
396 #alias_database = dbm:/etc/mail/aliases
397 alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases
398 #alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases, hash:/opt/majordomo/aliases

[root@localhost postfix]# vim /etc/aliases
You have new mail in /var/spool/mail/root

92 # trap decode to catch security attacks
93 decode:         root
94 jinpeng.chen:   user1, user2	#增加这行，jinpeng.chen为其他所有用户到别名
95 # Person who should get root's mail
96 #root:          marc

[root@localhost postfix]# newaliases	#刷新别名数据库
[root@localhost postfix]# mail jinpeng.chen
Subject: qunfa
hello,everyone...
.
EOT
[root@localhost postfix]# su - user1
[user1@mail ~]$ mail
Heirloom Mail version 12.4 7/29/08.  Type ? for help.
"/var/spool/mail/user1": 2 messages 1 new
1 root                  Mon Aug 13 11:14  19/562   "hello user1"
>N  2 root                  Mon Aug 13 11:35  18/578   "qunfa"
& 2
Message  2:
From root@example.com  Mon Aug 13 11:35:36 2012
Return-Path: <root@example.com>
X-Original-To: jinpeng.chen
Delivered-To: jinpeng.chen@example.com
Date: Mon, 13 Aug 2012 11:35:36 +0800
To: jinpeng.chen@example.com
Subject: qunfa
User-Agent: Heirloom mailx 12.4 7/29/08
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
From: root@example.com (root)
Status: R

hello,everyone...

& quit
Held 2 messages in /var/spool/mail/user1
[user1@mail ~]$ exit
logout
[root@localhost postfix]# su - user2
[user2@mail ~]$ mail
Heirloom Mail version 12.4 7/29/08.  Type ? for help.
"/var/spool/mail/user2": 1 message 1 new
>N  1 root                  Mon Aug 13 11:35  18/578   "qunfa"
& 1
Message  1:
From root@example.com  Mon Aug 13 11:35:37 2012
Return-Path: <root@example.com>
X-Original-To: jinpeng.chen
Delivered-To: jinpeng.chen@example.com
Date: Mon, 13 Aug 2012 11:35:36 +0800
To: jinpeng.chen@example.com
Subject: qunfa
User-Agent: Heirloom mailx 12.4 7/29/08
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
From: root@example.com (root)
Status: R

hello,everyone...

& quit
Held 1 message in /var/spool/mail/user2
[user2@mail ~]$