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ContentProvider作用与使用

2012-08-02 01:05 337 查看
把这篇博客补一下,之前学习一直想整理一下,但是总不知道如何下手,因为这块内容与之前web开发中的思路有一定的差异,自己所以就稍微晚了1周来补充这篇博客。
         之前介绍过了数据存储操作的方式可知,每个程序都是线程控制,并且数据无法共享,而ContentProvider来解决这个问题,ContentProvider是所有应用程序之间数据存储与检索的一个桥梁,他的作用就是使得各个程序之间实现数据共享。

         可以把ContentProvider理解为一种特殊的存储数据的类型,因为ContentProvider是个抽象类,继承自该类必须实现:getType,insert,delete,update,query方法,所以它提供了一套上述接口来获取,操作数据。

         就像我们学习web开发刚接触Model1的MVC时,数据层方面实现了针对实体的增删改查,但是在业务层方面最好封装一个数据操作的Service,这样的话就避免了业务层直接操作数据层,而把这个工作交给对应的Service的实现,更好的管理。这里就引出了ContentResolver,它的作用就可以理解为对应Service的实现来操作对应ContentProvider。

ContentResolver对象的获取可以通过getContentResolver()方法来取得

      

         这里需要说明的是,每个ContentProvider都会对外提供一个公共的URI(包装成Uri对象),如果应用程序有数据需要共享,就需要使用ContentProvider为这些数据定义一个URI,然后其他应用程序就可以通过ContentProvider传入这个URI来对数据进行操作。URI由3个部分组成:“content://”、数据的路径、标示ID(可选)。如:

        content://media/internal/images   这个URI返回设备上存储的所有图片

        content://contacts/people/5       联系人信息中ID为5的联系人记录

        content://contacts:/people/       这个URI返回设备上得所有联系人信息。

当然android.provider包下也提供了一些辅助类来达到上述效果如:

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Uri person = ContentUris.withAppendedId(People.CONTENT_URI ,5); 

Uri person = ContentUris.withAppendedId(People.CONTENT_URI , 5);


       这里个人认为有点像OSGI中,Serivice的注册,用一个标示Id(这里是URI)来标示当前系统提供了哪些服务(这里是共享数据),通过Id获取了对应Service然后进行操作。而ContentResolver都把URI作为其参数,用来表明该ContentResolver在操作哪个ContentProvider。

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getContentResolver().insert(NotePad.Notes.CONTENT_URI, values); 

getContentResolver().insert(NotePad.Notes.CONTENT_URI, values);

      如上面这行代码就是ContentResolver操作了对应Notes的URI,后面参数values就是数据值。

【扩展学习】:如果要是自己创建自己的Contentprovider,并且数据类型是当前不存在的,则需要定义自己的返回列,同时也要定义对应的一种新的MIME类型,可以这样理解:当前共享数据中没有的类型需要进行配置与定义,才能使用,不然无法识别。

        

而这里我们用SDK改写的的实例Notes进行测试,上述所有MIME类型以及返回列的定义都在NotePad类:

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public class NotePad { 
    public staticfinal String AUTHORITY =
"com.google.provider.NotePad";  //ContentProvider的uri 

 
    public NotePad(){} 
     
    //定义基本字段 
    public staticfinal
class Notesimplements BaseColumns{ 

        public Notes(){} 
         
        public staticfinal Uri CONTENT_URI = Uri.parse("content://" + AUTHORITY +"/notes"); 

         
        //新的MIME类型-多个 
        public staticfinal String CONTENT_TYPE =
"vnd.android.cursor.dir/vnd.google.note"; 
         
        // 新的MIME类型-单个 

        public staticfinal String CONTENT_ITEM_TYPE =
"vnd.android.cursor.item/vnd.google.note"; 

         
        public staticfinal String  DEFAULT_SORT_ORDER  =
"modified DESC"; 
         
        //字段 
        public staticfinal String  TITLE               =
"title"; 
        public staticfinal String  NOTE                =
"note"; 
        public staticfinal String  CREATEDDATE         =
"created"; 
        public staticfinal String  MODIFIEDDATE        =
"modified"; 
    } 


public class NotePad {
public static final String AUTHORITY = "com.google.provider.NotePad";	//ContentProvider的uri

public NotePad(){}

//定义基本字段
public static final class Notes implements BaseColumns{
public Notes(){}

public static final Uri CONTENT_URI	= Uri.parse("content://" + AUTHORITY + "/notes");

//新的MIME类型-多个
public static final String CONTENT_TYPE = "vnd.android.cursor.dir/vnd.google.note";

// 新的MIME类型-单个
public static final String CONTENT_ITEM_TYPE = "vnd.android.cursor.item/vnd.google.note";

public static final String	DEFAULT_SORT_ORDER	= "modified DESC";

//字段
public static final String	TITLE				= "title";
public static final String	NOTE				= "note";
public static final String	CREATEDDATE			= "created";
public static final String	MODIFIEDDATE		= "modified";
}
}

同时对应的AndroidManifest.xml文件中需要配置provider

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<providerandroid:name="NotePadProvider"android:authorities="com.google.provider.NotePad"/> 

<provider android:name="NotePadProvider" android:authorities="com.google.provider.NotePad"/>


而NotePadProvider类:

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public class NotePadProviderextends ContentProvider{ 

    private staticfinal String             TAG              ="NotePadProvider"; 

    // 数据库名 
    private staticfinal String             DATABASE_NAME       ="note_pad.db"; 

    private staticfinal
int                DATABASE_VERSION    =2; 

    // 表名 
    private staticfinal String             NOTES_TABLE_NAME    ="notes"; 

    private static HashMap<String, String>    sNotesProjectionMap; 
    private staticfinal
int                NOTES               =1; 

    private staticfinal
int                NOTE_ID             =2; 

    private staticfinal UriMatcher         sUriMatcher; 

    private DatabaseHelper  mOpenHelper; 
    //创建表SQL语句 
    private staticfinal String             CREATE_TABLE="CREATE TABLE "  
                                                        + NOTES_TABLE_NAME  
                                                        +
" (" + Notes._ID  
                                                        +
" INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,"  
                                                        + Notes.TITLE  
                                                        +
" TEXT,"  
                                                        + Notes.NOTE  

                                                        +
" TEXT," 
                                                        + Notes.CREATEDDATE  
                                                        +
" INTEGER,"  
                                                        + Notes.MODIFIEDDATE  
                                                        +
" INTEGER" + ");"; 

     
    static{ 
        sUriMatcher = new UriMatcher(UriMatcher.NO_MATCH); 
        sUriMatcher.addURI(NotePad.AUTHORITY,
"notes", NOTES); 
        sUriMatcher.addURI(NotePad.AUTHORITY, "notes/#", NOTE_ID); 
 
        sNotesProjectionMap = new HashMap<String, String>(); 
        sNotesProjectionMap.put(Notes._ID, Notes._ID); 

        sNotesProjectionMap.put(Notes.TITLE, Notes.TITLE); 
        sNotesProjectionMap.put(Notes.NOTE, Notes.NOTE); 

        sNotesProjectionMap.put(Notes.CREATEDDATE, Notes.CREATEDDATE); 
        sNotesProjectionMap.put(Notes.MODIFIEDDATE, Notes.MODIFIEDDATE); 
    } 
    private staticclass DatabaseHelper
extends SQLiteOpenHelper{ 
        //构造函数-创建数据库 
        DatabaseHelper(Context context){ 
            super(context, DATABASE_NAME,null, DATABASE_VERSION); 

        } 
        //创建表 
        @Override 

        public void onCreate(SQLiteDatabase db){ 
            db.execSQL(CREATE_TABLE); 
        } 
        //更新数据库 

        @Override 
        public void onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase db,int oldVersion,
int newVersion){ 
            db.execSQL("DROP TABLE IF EXISTS notes"); 
            onCreate(db); 
        } 
    } 
    @Override 
    public boolean onCreate(){ 
        mOpenHelper = new DatabaseHelper(getContext()); 
        return true; 
    } 
    @Override 

    //查询操作 
    public Cursor query(Uri uri, String[] projection, String selection, String[] selectionArgs, String sortOrder){ 
        SQLiteQueryBuilder qb = new SQLiteQueryBuilder(); 
        switch (sUriMatcher.match(uri)){ 
            case NOTES: 
                qb.setTables(NOTES_TABLE_NAME); 
                qb.setProjectionMap(sNotesProjectionMap); 
                break; 

 
            case NOTE_ID: 
                qb.setTables(NOTES_TABLE_NAME); 
                qb.setProjectionMap(sNotesProjectionMap); 

                qb.appendWhere(Notes._ID + "=" + uri.getPathSegments().get(1)); 
                break; 

 
            default: 

                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unknown URI " + uri); 
        } 
        String orderBy; 
        if (TextUtils.isEmpty(sortOrder)){ 
            orderBy = NotePad.Notes.DEFAULT_SORT_ORDER; 
        }else{ 
            orderBy = sortOrder; 
        } 
        SQLiteDatabase db = mOpenHelper.getReadableDatabase(); 

        Cursor c = qb.query(db, projection, selection, selectionArgs,null,
null, orderBy); 
        c.setNotificationUri(getContext().getContentResolver(), uri); 

        return c; 

    } 
    @Override 

    // 如果有自定义类型,必须实现该方法 
    public String getType(Uri uri){ 
        switch (sUriMatcher.match(uri)){ 
            case NOTES: 
                return Notes.CONTENT_TYPE; 
 
            case NOTE_ID: 
                return Notes.CONTENT_ITEM_TYPE; 
 
            default: 

                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unknown URI " + uri); 
        } 
    } 
    @Override 

    //插入数据库 
    public Uri insert(Uri uri, ContentValues initialValues){ 
        if (sUriMatcher.match(uri) != NOTES){ 
            throw
new IllegalArgumentException("Unknown URI " + uri); 
        } 
        ContentValues values; 
        if (initialValues !=
null){ 
            values = new ContentValues(initialValues); 
        }else{ 
            values = new ContentValues(); 
        } 
        Long now = Long.valueOf(System.currentTimeMillis()); 
 
        if (values.containsKey(NotePad.Notes.CREATEDDATE) ==false){ 

            values.put(NotePad.Notes.CREATEDDATE, now); 
        } 
        if (values.containsKey(NotePad.Notes.MODIFIEDDATE) ==false){ 

            values.put(NotePad.Notes.MODIFIEDDATE, now); 

        } 
        if (values.containsKey(NotePad.Notes.TITLE) ==false){ 

            Resources r = Resources.getSystem(); 
            values.put(NotePad.Notes.TITLE, r.getString(android.R.string.untitled)); 
        } 
        if (values.containsKey(NotePad.Notes.NOTE) ==false){ 

            values.put(NotePad.Notes.NOTE, ""); 
        } 
        SQLiteDatabase db = mOpenHelper.getWritableDatabase(); 

        long rowId = db.insert(NOTES_TABLE_NAME, Notes.NOTE, values); 
        if (rowId > 0){ 
            Uri noteUri = ContentUris.withAppendedId(NotePad.Notes.CONTENT_URI, rowId); 
            getContext().getContentResolver().notifyChange(noteUri,
null); 
            return noteUri; 
        } 
        throw new SQLException("Failed to insert row into " + uri); 
    } 
    @Override 

    //删除数据 
    public int delete(Uri uri, String where, String[] whereArgs){ 
        SQLiteDatabase db = mOpenHelper.getWritableDatabase(); 

        int count; 

        switch (sUriMatcher.match(uri)){ 
            case NOTES: 
                count = db.delete(NOTES_TABLE_NAME, where, whereArgs); 
                break; 

 
            case NOTE_ID: 
                String noteId = uri.getPathSegments().get(1); 
                count = db.delete(NOTES_TABLE_NAME, Notes._ID +"=" + noteId + (!TextUtils.isEmpty(where) ?
" AND (" + where + ')' :""), whereArgs); 

                break; 
 
            default: 
                throw
new IllegalArgumentException("Unknown URI " + uri); 
        } 
        getContext().getContentResolver().notifyChange(uri,null); 

        return count; 
    } 
    @Override 
    //更新数据 
    public int update(Uri uri, ContentValues values, String where, String[] whereArgs){ 
        SQLiteDatabase db = mOpenHelper.getWritableDatabase(); 
        int count; 
        switch (sUriMatcher.match(uri)){ 
            case NOTES: 
                count = db.update(NOTES_TABLE_NAME, values, where, whereArgs); 
                break; 
 
            case NOTE_ID: 
                String noteId = uri.getPathSegments().get(1); 
                count = db.update(NOTES_TABLE_NAME, values, Notes._ID +"=" + noteId + (!TextUtils.isEmpty(where) ?
" AND (" + where + ')' :""), whereArgs); 

                break; 

 
            default: 

                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unknown URI " + uri); 
        } 
        getContext().getContentResolver().notifyChange(uri,
null); 
        return count; 

    } 


public class NotePadProvider extends ContentProvider{
private static final String				TAG		         = "NotePadProvider";
// 数据库名
private static final String				DATABASE_NAME		= "note_pad.db";
private static final int				DATABASE_VERSION	= 2;
// 表名
private static final String				NOTES_TABLE_NAME	= "notes";
private static HashMap<String, String>	sNotesProjectionMap;
private static final int				NOTES				= 1;
private static final int				NOTE_ID				= 2;
private static final UriMatcher			sUriMatcher;
private DatabaseHelper	mOpenHelper;
//创建表SQL语句
private static final String				CREATE_TABLE="CREATE TABLE "
+ NOTES_TABLE_NAME
+ " (" + Notes._ID
+ " INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,"
+ Notes.TITLE
+ " TEXT,"
+ Notes.NOTE
+ " TEXT,"
+ Notes.CREATEDDATE
+ " INTEGER,"
+ Notes.MODIFIEDDATE
+ " INTEGER" + ");";

static{
sUriMatcher = new UriMatcher(UriMatcher.NO_MATCH);
sUriMatcher.addURI(NotePad.AUTHORITY, "notes", NOTES);
sUriMatcher.addURI(NotePad.AUTHORITY, "notes/#", NOTE_ID);

sNotesProjectionMap = new HashMap<String, String>();
sNotesProjectionMap.put(Notes._ID, Notes._ID);
sNotesProjectionMap.put(Notes.TITLE, Notes.TITLE);
sNotesProjectionMap.put(Notes.NOTE, Notes.NOTE);
sNotesProjectionMap.put(Notes.CREATEDDATE, Notes.CREATEDDATE);
sNotesProjectionMap.put(Notes.MODIFIEDDATE, Notes.MODIFIEDDATE);
}
private static class DatabaseHelper extends SQLiteOpenHelper{
//构造函数-创建数据库
DatabaseHelper(Context context){
super(context, DATABASE_NAME, null, DATABASE_VERSION);
}
//创建表
@Override
public void onCreate(SQLiteDatabase db){
db.execSQL(CREATE_TABLE);
}
//更新数据库
@Override
public void onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase db, int oldVersion, int newVersion){
db.execSQL("DROP TABLE IF EXISTS notes");
onCreate(db);
}
}
@Override
public boolean onCreate(){
mOpenHelper = new DatabaseHelper(getContext());
return true;
}
@Override
//查询操作
public Cursor query(Uri uri, String[] projection, String selection, String[] selectionArgs, String sortOrder){
SQLiteQueryBuilder qb = new SQLiteQueryBuilder();
switch (sUriMatcher.match(uri)){
case NOTES:
qb.setTables(NOTES_TABLE_NAME);
qb.setProjectionMap(sNotesProjectionMap);
break;

case NOTE_ID:
qb.setTables(NOTES_TABLE_NAME);
qb.setProjectionMap(sNotesProjectionMap);
qb.appendWhere(Notes._ID + "=" + uri.getPathSegments().get(1));
break;

default:
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unknown URI " + uri);
}
String orderBy;
if (TextUtils.isEmpty(sortOrder)){
orderBy = NotePad.Notes.DEFAULT_SORT_ORDER;
}else{
orderBy = sortOrder;
}
SQLiteDatabase db = mOpenHelper.getReadableDatabase();
Cursor c = qb.query(db, projection, selection, selectionArgs, null, null, orderBy);
c.setNotificationUri(getContext().getContentResolver(), uri);
return c;
}
@Override
// 如果有自定义类型,必须实现该方法
public String getType(Uri uri){
switch (sUriMatcher.match(uri)){
case NOTES:
return Notes.CONTENT_TYPE;

case NOTE_ID:
return Notes.CONTENT_ITEM_TYPE;

default:
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unknown URI " + uri);
}
}
@Override
//插入数据库
public Uri insert(Uri uri, ContentValues initialValues){
if (sUriMatcher.match(uri) != NOTES){
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unknown URI " + uri);
}
ContentValues values;
if (initialValues != null){
values = new ContentValues(initialValues);
}else{
values = new ContentValues();
}
Long now = Long.valueOf(System.currentTimeMillis());

if (values.containsKey(NotePad.Notes.CREATEDDATE) == false){
values.put(NotePad.Notes.CREATEDDATE, now);
}
if (values.containsKey(NotePad.Notes.MODIFIEDDATE) == false){
values.put(NotePad.Notes.MODIFIEDDATE, now);
}
if (values.containsKey(NotePad.Notes.TITLE) == false){
Resources r = Resources.getSystem();
values.put(NotePad.Notes.TITLE, r.getString(android.R.string.untitled));
}
if (values.containsKey(NotePad.Notes.NOTE) == false){
values.put(NotePad.Notes.NOTE, "");
}
SQLiteDatabase db = mOpenHelper.getWritableDatabase();
long rowId = db.insert(NOTES_TABLE_NAME, Notes.NOTE, values);
if (rowId > 0){
Uri noteUri = ContentUris.withAppendedId(NotePad.Notes.CONTENT_URI, rowId);
getContext().getContentResolver().notifyChange(noteUri, null);
return noteUri;
}
throw new SQLException("Failed to insert row into " + uri);
}
@Override
//删除数据
public int delete(Uri uri, String where, String[] whereArgs){
SQLiteDatabase db = mOpenHelper.getWritableDatabase();
int count;
switch (sUriMatcher.match(uri)){
case NOTES:
count = db.delete(NOTES_TABLE_NAME, where, whereArgs);
break;

case NOTE_ID:
String noteId = uri.getPathSegments().get(1);
count = db.delete(NOTES_TABLE_NAME, Notes._ID + "=" + noteId + (!TextUtils.isEmpty(where) ? " AND (" + where + ')' : ""), whereArgs);
break;

default:
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unknown URI " + uri);
}
getContext().getContentResolver().notifyChange(uri, null);
return count;
}
@Override
//更新数据
public int update(Uri uri, ContentValues values, String where, String[] whereArgs){
SQLiteDatabase db = mOpenHelper.getWritableDatabase();
int count;
switch (sUriMatcher.match(uri)){
case NOTES:
count = db.update(NOTES_TABLE_NAME, values, where, whereArgs);
break;

case NOTE_ID:
String noteId = uri.getPathSegments().get(1);
count = db.update(NOTES_TABLE_NAME, values, Notes._ID + "=" + noteId + (!TextUtils.isEmpty(where) ? " AND (" + where + ')' : ""), whereArgs);
break;

default:
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unknown URI " + uri);
}
getContext().getContentResolver().notifyChange(uri, null);
return count;
}
}


最终操作的Activity类为:

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public class DataProviderActivityextends Activity { 

    /** Called when the activity is first created. */ 
    @Override 

    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { 
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); 
        setContentView(R.layout.main); 
         
        //插入数据 
        ContentValues values = new ContentValues(); 
        values.put(NotePad.Notes.TITLE, "title1"); 
        values.put(NotePad.Notes.NOTE,
"NoteNote1"); 
        getContentResolver().insert(NotePad.Notes.CONTENT_URI, values); 
         
        values.clear(); 
        values.put(NotePad.Notes.TITLE,
"title2"); 
        values.put(NotePad.Notes.NOTE, "NoteNote2"); 
        getContentResolver().insert(NotePad.Notes.CONTENT_URI, values); 
         
        /* 显示 */ 

        displayNote(); 
    } 
 
    private void displayNote() { 
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub 
        String columns[] = new String[]{ 
                NotePad.Notes._ID, 
                NotePad.Notes.TITLE,  
                NotePad.Notes.NOTE,  
                NotePad.Notes.CREATEDDATE,  
                NotePad.Notes.MODIFIEDDATE 
        }; 
        Uri myUri = NotePad.Notes.CONTENT_URI; 
        Cursor cursor = this.managedQuery(myUri, columns,null,
null,null); 

        if (cursor.moveToFirst()) { 
            String id = null; 
            String title = null; 

             
            do{ 
                id = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex(NotePad.Notes._ID)); 
                title = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex(NotePad.Notes.TITLE)); 
                Toast toast=Toast.makeText(this,"TITLE:"+id +
"NOTE:" + title, Toast.LENGTH_LONG); 
                toast.setGravity(Gravity.TOP|Gravity.CENTER,
0, 40); 
                toast.show(); 
            }while(cursor.moveToNext()); 
        } 
    } 


public class DataProviderActivity extends Activity {
/** Called when the activity is first created. */
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main);

//插入数据
ContentValues values = new ContentValues();
values.put(NotePad.Notes.TITLE, "title1");
values.put(NotePad.Notes.NOTE, "NoteNote1");
getContentResolver().insert(NotePad.Notes.CONTENT_URI, values);

values.clear();
values.put(NotePad.Notes.TITLE, "title2");
values.put(NotePad.Notes.NOTE, "NoteNote2");
getContentResolver().insert(NotePad.Notes.CONTENT_URI, values);

/* 显示 */
displayNote();
}

private void displayNote() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
String columns[] = new String[]{
NotePad.Notes._ID,
NotePad.Notes.TITLE,
NotePad.Notes.NOTE,
NotePad.Notes.CREATEDDATE,
NotePad.Notes.MODIFIEDDATE
};
Uri myUri = NotePad.Notes.CONTENT_URI;
Cursor cursor = this.managedQuery(myUri, columns, null, null, null);
if (cursor.moveToFirst()) {
String id = null;
String title = null;

do{
id = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex(NotePad.Notes._ID));
title = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex(NotePad.Notes.TITLE));
Toast toast=Toast.makeText(this, "TITLE:"+id + "NOTE:" + title, Toast.LENGTH_LONG);
toast.setGravity(Gravity.TOP|Gravity.CENTER, 0, 40);
toast.show();
}while(cursor.moveToNext());
}
}
}


当然对应Activity类需要在配置文件里注册:

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<activity 
            android:label="@string/app_name" 
            android:name=".DataProviderActivity"> 

            <intent-filter> 

                <actionandroid:name="android.intent.action.MAIN"/> 

 
                <categoryandroid:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER"/> 

            </intent-filter> 
            <intent-filter> 
                <dataandroid:mimeType="vnd.android.cursor.dir/vnd.google.note"/> 
            </intent-filter> 
            <intent-filter> 
                <dataandroid:mimeType="vnd.android.cursor.item/vnd.google.note"/> 
            </intent-filter> 
        </activity> 

<activity
android:label="@string/app_name"
android:name=".DataProviderActivity" >
<intent-filter >
<action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />

<category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
</intent-filter>
<intent-filter>
<data android:mimeType="vnd.android.cursor.dir/vnd.google.note"/>
</intent-filter>
<intent-filter>
<data android:mimeType="vnd.android.cursor.item/vnd.google.note"/>
</intent-filter>
</activity>


这样实例运行效果:



对应的后台数据库内容:



到这里就完成本次数据共享的整理

学习纲要http://blog.csdn.net/yinyuan1987/article/details/6973074
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标签:  contentProvider