BroadcastReceiver使用方式

从行为上广播类型有两种：

无序广播(Normal broadcasts)：无序且并行执行广播

有序广播(Ordered broadcasts)：有序地一个接一个执行广播

当通过意图发送广播时，无论BroadcastReceiver定义在当前应用还是其他应用中，只要BroadcastReceiver对此意图感兴趣(如：匹配Action)，就会得到执行。

有序广播和无序广播默认都是运行在UI线程中的，当BroadcastReceiver在10秒内没有执行完毕，Android会认为该程序无响应，所以在BroadcastReceiver里不能做一些比较耗时的操作，否则会弹出ANR(Application No Response)的对话框。如果需要完成一项比较耗时的工作，应该通过Intent发送给Service，由Service来完成，而不是使用子线程的方法来解决，因为BroadcastReceiver的生命周期很短(在onReceive()执行后BroadcastReceiver的实例就会被销毁)，子线程可能还没有结束BroadcastReceiver就先结束了。如果BroadcastReceiver结束了，它的宿主进程还在运行，那么子线程还会继续执行。但宿主进程此时很容易在系统需要内在时被优先杀死。因为它属于空进程（没有任何活动组件的进程）。

下面分别讲解这两种广播

无序广播：

示例中FirstBroadcastReceiver和SecondBroadcastReceiver在同一个应用中，ThirdBroadcastReceiver在另一个应用中。

他们的执行顺序是不可预知的。

应用A中代码：

定义两个BroadcastReceiver

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public class FirstBroadcastReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
Log.i("CDH", "FirstBroadcastReceiver msg:"+intent.getStringExtra("msg"));
}
}

public class SecondBroadcastReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
Log.i("CDH", "SecondBroadcastReceiver msg:"+intent.getStringExtra("msg"));
}
}

AndroidManifest.xml中配置BroadcastReceiver

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<receiver android:name=".FirstBroadcastReceiver">
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="com.improve.broadcast"/>
</intent-filter>
</receiver>

<receiver android:name=".SecondBroadcastReceiver">
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="com.improve.broadcast"/>
</intent-filter>
</receiver>

在一个名为BroadcastReceiverDemo的Activity中定义一个Button，点击事件如下

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new OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View button) {
//发送广播
Intent intent = new Intent("com.improve.broadcast");
intent.putExtra("msg", "I am BroadcastReceiverDemo Activity");
sendBroadcast(intent);
}
}

应用B中代码：

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public class ThirdBroadcastReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
Log.i("CDH", "ThirdBroadcastReceiver msg:"+intent.getStringExtra("msg"));
}
}

AndroidManifest.xml中配置BroadcastReceiver

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<receiver android:name=".ThirdBroadcastReceiver">
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="com.improve.broadcast"/>
</intent-filter>
</receiver>

运行结果



有序广播：

通过android:priority="N"设置广播执行顺序(N的取值-1000到1000)，优先级高的广播先执行。（这里先执行SecondBroadcastReceiver再执行FirstBroadcastReceiver）

在前一个执行的广播中设置结果值，传给下一个广播。也可以通过BroadcastReceiver.abortBroadcast()终止广播，后面的广播***不会得到执行。

定义两个BroadcastReceiver

[java]
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public class FirstBroadcastReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
Log.i("CDH", "FirstBroadcastReceiver msg:"+intent.getStringExtra("msg"));
Bundle mBundle = this.getResultExtras(false);//true：前一个广播没有结果时创建新的Bundle；false：不创建Bundle
if (mBundle == null) {
Log.i("CDH", "没有获取到前一个运行的广播返回的数据");
} else {
Log.i("CDH", "前一个运行的广播返回的数据为：" + mBundle.getString("msg"));
}
}
}

public class SecondBroadcastReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
Log.i("CDH", "SecondBroadcastReceiver msg:"+intent.getStringExtra("msg"));
Bundle bundle = new Bundle();
bundle.putString("msg", "SecondBroadcastReceiver");
setResultExtras(bundle);
}
}

AndroidManifest.xml中配置BroadcastReceiver

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<receiver android:name=".FirstBroadcastReceiver">
<intent-filter android:priority="1">
<action android:name="com.improve.broadcast"/>
</intent-filter>
</receiver>

<receiver android:name=".SecondBroadcastReceiver">
<intent-filter android:priority="2">
<action android:name="com.improve.broadcast"/>
</intent-filter>
</receiver>

在一个名为BroadcastReceiverDemo的Activity中定义一个Button，点击事件如下

[java]
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new OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View button) {
//发送广播
Intent intent = new Intent("com.improve.broadcast");
intent.putExtra("msg", "BroadcastReceiverDemo");
sendOrderedBroadcast(intent, null);
}
}

运行结果