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qsort函数和bsearch函数的使用

2012-07-19 20:29 295 查看

函数名: bsearch

  功 能: 二分法搜索

  用 法: void *bsearch(const void *key, const void *base, size_t nelem, size_t width, int(*fcmp)(const void *, const *))

  语法:

  #include <stdlib.h> void *bsearch( const void *key, const void *buf, size_t num, size_t size, int (*compare)(const void *, const void *) );


  参数:第一个:要查找的关键字。第二个:要查找的数组。第三个:指定数组中元素的数目。第四个:每个元素的长度(以字符为单位)。第五个:指向比较函数的指针。

  功能: 函数用折半查找法在从数组元素buf[0]到buf[num-1] 匹配参数key。如果函数compare 的第一个参数小于第二个参数,返回负值;如果等于返回零值;如果大于返回正值。数组buf 中的元素应以升序排列。函数bsearch()的返回值是指向匹配项,如果没有发现匹配项,返回NULL



1. qsort排序
[cpp] view plaincopyprint?
/* qsort example */
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

int values[] = { 40, 10, 100, 90, 20, 25 };

int compare (const void * a, const void * b)
{
return ( *(int*)a - *(int*)b );
}

int main ()
{
int n;
qsort (values, 6, sizeof(int), compare);
for (n=0; n<6; n++)
printf ("%d ",values
);
return 0;
}

Output:
10 20 25 40 90 100

2.bsearch查找:
[cpp] view plaincopyprint?
/* bsearch example */
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

int compareints (const void * a, const void * b)
{
return ( *(int*)a - *(int*)b );
}

int values[] = { 10, 20, 25, 40, 90, 100 };

int main ()
{
int * pItem;
int key = 40;
pItem = (int*) bsearch (&key, values, 6, sizeof (int), compareints);
if (pItem!=NULL)
printf ("%d is in the array.\n",*pItem);
else
printf ("%d is not in the array.\n",key);
return 0;
}

Output:
40 is in the array

3.两者结合用法:
[cpp] view plaincopyprint?
/* bsearch example with strings */
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

char strvalues[][20] = {"some","example","strings","here"};

int main ()
{
char * pItem;
char key[20] = "example";

/* sort elements in array: */
qsort (strvalues, 4, 20, (int(*)(const void*,const void*)) strcmp);

/* search for the key: */
pItem = (char*) bsearch (key, strvalues, 4, 20, (int(*)(const void*,const void*)) strcmp);

if (pItem!=NULL)
printf ("%s is in the array.\n",pItem);
else
printf ("%s is not in the array.\n",key);
return 0;
}
说明:
[cpp] view plaincopyprint?
void qsort ( void * base, size_t num, size_t size, int ( * comparator ) ( const void *, const void * ) );
void * bsearch ( const void * key, const void * base, size_t num, size_t size, int ( * comparator ) ( const void *, const void * ) );
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