ORA-00205: error in identifying control file, check alert log for more info

环境：oracle10gR2 solaris10
操作：在没有创建pfile的情况下，直接执行了以下命令

SQL>create pfile from spfile;
SQL>shutdown immediate
SQL>startup
ORA-00205: error in identifying control file, check alert log for more info

查看alter_TEST.log文件
Tue Jul 03 13:37:49 CST 2012
Starting ORACLE instance (normal)
Tue Jul 03 13:37:49 CST 2012
System parameter db_block_buffers enabled without VLM on.
LICENSE_MAX_SESSION = 0
LICENSE_SESSIONS_WARNING = 0
Picked latch-free SCN scheme 3
Using LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1 parameter default value as /oradb/oracle/102/dbs/arch
Autotune of undo retention is turned off.
LICENSE_MAX_USERS = 0
SYS auditing is disabled
ksdpec: called for event 13740 prior to event group initialization
Starting up ORACLE RDBMS Version: 10.2.0.5.0.
System parameters with non-default values:
processes = 50
shared_pool_size = 117440512
control_files = /oradb/oracle/102/dbs/control1, /oradb/oracle/102/dbs/control2
db_block_buffers = 1024
log_buffer = 2032640
log_checkpoint_interval = 10000
db_files = 80
db_file_multiblock_read_count= 8
global_names = TRUE
parallel_max_servers = 5
max_dump_file_size = 10240
db_name = TEST
PMON started with pid=2, OS id=1406
PSP0 started with pid=3, OS id=1408
MMAN started with pid=4, OS id=1410
DBW0 started with pid=5, OS id=1412
LGWR started with pid=6, OS id=1414
CKPT started with pid=7, OS id=1416
SMON started with pid=8, OS id=1418
RECO started with pid=9, OS id=1420
MMON started with pid=10, OS id=1422
MMNL started with pid=11, OS id=1424
Tue Jul 03 13:37:52 CST 2012
ALTER DATABASE MOUNT
Tue Jul 03 13:37:52 CST 2012 ORA-00210: cannot open the specified control file
ORA-00202: control file: '/oradb/oracle/102/dbs/control1'
ORA-27037: unable to obtain file status
Solaris-AMD64 Error: 2: No such file or directory
Additional information: 3
Tue Jul 03 13:37:55 CST 2012
ORA-205 signalled during: ALTER DATABASE MOUNT...

原因是因为启动数据库时未找到spfile则调用了数据库默认的init.ora，但是其默认值与现有数据库信息不匹配导致数据库不能启动。
解决方案：

bash#vi /oradb/oracle/102/dbs/initTEST.ora
*.audit_file_dest='/oradb/oracle/admin/TEST/adump'
*.background_dump_dest='/oradb/oracle/admin/TEST/bdump'
*.compatible='10.2.0.5.0'
*.control_files='/oradb/oracle/oradata/TEST/control01.ctl','/oradb/oracle/oradata/TEST/control02.ctl','/oradb/oracle/oradata/TEST/control03.ctl'
*.core_dump_dest='/oradb/oracle/admin/TEST/cdump'
*.db_block_buffers=100# SMALL
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_file_multiblock_read_count=16
*.db_files=80# SMALL
*.db_name='TEST'
*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=orclXDB)'
*.global_names=TRUE
*.log_archive_dest_1='location=/oradb/oracle/arch'
*.log_archive_dest_state_2='DEFER'
*.log_buffer=32768# SMALL
*.log_checkpoint_interval=10000
*.max_dump_file_size='10240'# limit trace file size to 5 Meg each
*.open_cursors=300
*.parallel_max_servers=5# SMALL
*.pga_aggregate_target=81788928
*.processes=150
*.shared_pool_size=113500000# SMALL

:wq
bash#sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL> create spfile from pfile;

File created.

SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area  155189248 bytes
Fixed Size                  2094672 bytes
Variable Size             142608816 bytes
Database Buffers            8388608 bytes
Redo Buffers                2097152 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.

注：再做数据库应用pfile启动数据库时要注意是否已经通过spfile生成pfile。