Write Selenium tests with Junit In Eclipse

在Eclipse IDE中编写Junit代码去驱动Selenium，对基于HTTP协议的Web Application进行测试。

一、洗个手准备工具：

0.Java环境，这个就不说了。

1.Eclipse IDE，下载地址
www.Eclipse.org，当然其他的IDE(例如 Netbeans)也可以。

2. Selenium Server和Selenium-java-client，下载地址 http://seleniumhq.org/download/
3.Firefox，采用FF浏览器进行测试，其他浏览器是一样的测试方法。

4.Firebug | xpather | Selenium IDE，测试辅助工具

5.CmdHere，在cmd中启动Selenium Server时可能会切换到很深的目录，比较繁琐，使用这个小工具右键SeleniumServer所在的目录选择"Open Command window

Here"，很快捷。下载地址 http://download.microsoft.com/download/whistler/Install/2/WXP/EN-US/CmdHerePowertoySetup.exe
(第0和2项必要；第1和3项可被其他相应的软件代替；第4和5项可选)

二、埋头开始动手

1.创建Java Project (File->New->Java Project->工程名“SeleniumTest”)

2.创建包名(选中"工程名SeleniumTest"->New->包名“com.selenium.test.init”)

3.创建类(选中"包名"->New->“Class”->类名MyFirstSeleniumTestCase)

4.添加Selenium Server和Selenium-Java-Client到“Build Path”

1)右键工程名“SeleniumTest”

2)点击"Build Path"->"Configure Build Path"->"Libraries"-> "Add External JARs"

3)浏览选择Selenium Server和Selenium-Java-Client对于的jar文件

5.添加Junit

1)右键工程名“SeleniumTest”

2)点击"Build Path"->"Add Library"->"JUnit"->"JUnit4"

6.编写如下代码

package com.selenium.test.init;

import org.junit.After;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;

import com.thoughtworks.selenium.DefaultSelenium;
import com.thoughtworks.selenium.SeleneseTestBase;

public class MyFirstSeleniumTestCase extends SeleneseTestBase {

DefaultSelenium selenium = null;
@Before
public void setUp() throws Exception {
selenium = new DefaultSelenium("localhost",4444,"*firefox","http://www.google.com.hk");
selenium.start();
}

@Test
public void testGoogleSearch() throws Exception {
selenium.open("http://www.google.com.hk");
selenium.type("//input[@id='lst-ib']","Selenium-RC");
selenium.click("//input[@name='btnK']");
//              selenium.waitForPageToLoad("60000");
}

@After
public void tearDown()throws Exception {
selenium.stop();
}

}

7.启动Selenium Server

方法1)在cmd中切换到Selenium Server的jar文件所在的目录下，执行命令
java -jar selenium-server-standalone-2.21.0.jar

方法2)右键Selenium Server的jar文件所在的目录，选择"Open Command window Here"，执行命令
java -jar selenium-server-standalone-2.21.0.jar

方法3)创建bat文件来启动

启动信息如下：

2012-6-14 22:01:32 org.openqa.grid.selenium.GridLauncher main
信息: Launching a standalone server
22:01:32.968 INFO - Java: Sun Microsystems Inc. 17.1-b03
22:01:32.968 INFO - OS: Windows XP 5.1 x86
22:01:33.000 INFO - v2.21.0, with Core v2.21.0. Built from revision 16552
22:01:33.875 INFO - RemoteWebDriver instances should connect to: http://127.0.0. 1:4444/wd/hub
22:01:33.875 INFO - Version Jetty/5.1.x
22:01:33.890 INFO - Started HttpContext[/selenium-server/driver,/selenium-server
/driver]
22:01:33.890 INFO - Started HttpContext[/selenium-server,/selenium-server]
22:01:33.890 INFO - Started HttpContext[/,/]
22:01:34.046 INFO - Started org.openqa.jetty.jetty.servlet.ServletHandler@5d173
22:01:34.046 INFO - Started HttpContext[/wd,/wd]
22:01:34.062 INFO - Started SocketListener on 0.0.0.0:4444
22:01:34.062 INFO - Started org.openqa.jetty.jetty.Server@32fb4f

8.运行

右键选择类文件“MyFirstSeleniumTestCase.java”->"Run As"->"JUnit Test"

9.预期结果

1)Firefox启动

2)打开google主页

3)在搜索框中输入"Selenium-RC"

4)点击"google搜索"按钮

5)呈现搜索结果

6)FF浏览关闭

7)Junit Test状态条呈"绿色"

三、其他说明

1.代码"selenium.waitForPageToLoad("60000");"之所以被注释掉是因为打开会抛以下异常：

com.thoughtworks.selenium.SeleniumException: Timed out after 30000ms
at com.thoughtworks.selenium.HttpCommandProcessor.throwAssertionFailureExceptionOrError(HttpCommandProcessor.java:112)
at com.thoughtworks.selenium.HttpCommandProcessor.doCommand(HttpCommandProcessor.java:106)
at com.thoughtworks.selenium.DefaultSelenium.open(DefaultSelenium.java:369)
at com.selenium.test.init.MyFirstSeleniumTestCase.testGoogleSearch(MyFirstSeleniumTestCase.java:21)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Unknown Source)
at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod$1.runReflectiveCall(FrameworkMethod.java:44)
at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:15)
at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod.invokeExplosively(FrameworkMethod.java:41)
at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.InvokeMethod.evaluate(InvokeMethod.java:20)
at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.RunBefores.evaluate(RunBefores.java:28)
at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.RunAfters.evaluate(RunAfters.java:31)
at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runNotIgnored(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:79)
at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:71)
at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:49)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:193)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:52)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:191)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:42)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:184)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:236)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit4.runner.JUnit4TestReference.run(JUnit4TestReference.java:50)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.TestExecution.run(TestExecution.java:38)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:467)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:683)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.run(RemoteTestRunner.java:390)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.main(RemoteTestRunner.java:197)

我在网上查了，很多人都遇到了，也试了查到的所有办法，都没有解决。有些说这个方法存在bug，所有想实现其他功能只能另辟蹊径了。

2.使用Selenium IDE录制然后导出来的代码中可能继承(extends)的是类"SeleneseTestCase"，类名中间有条横线，意思是该类被弃用，虽然不影响功能实现，但是看着不舒服，手动把"SeleneseTestCase"换成"SeleneseTestBase"警告就没有了