C/C++调用外部程序整理

今天在工作中，需要在C++程序中调用其它的可执行程序，在网上搜罗了一些，感觉很零碎，现整理如下，希望能对一些人有所帮助：
C语言：

1._execl函数家庭。
Each function in this family loads and executes a new process:

_execl, _wexecl	_execv, _wexecv
_execle, _wexecle	_execve, _wexecve
_execlp, _wexeclp	_execvp, _wexecvp
_execlpe, _wexeclpe	_execvpe, _wexecvpe

The letter at the end of the function name determines the variation.

Each function in this family loads and executes a new process:

_execl, _wexecl	_execv, _wexecv
_execle, _wexecle	_execve, _wexecve
_execlp, _wexeclp	_execvp, _wexecvp
_execlpe, _wexeclpe	_execvpe, _wexecvpe

The letter at the end of the function name determines the variation.

_exec function suffix	Description
e	envp, array of pointers to environment settings, is passed to the new process.
l	Command-line arguments are passed individually to _exec function. Typically used when the number of parameters to the new process is known in advance.
p	PATH environment variable is used to find the file to execute.
v	argv, array of pointers to command-line arguments, is passed to _exec. Typically used when the number of parameters to the new process is variable.

2._spawnl函数家庭

Each of the _spawn functions creates and executes a new process:

_spawnl, _wspawnl	_spawnv, _wspawnv
_spawnle, _wspawnle	_spawnve, _wspawnve
_spawnlp, _wspawnlp	_spawnvp, _wspawnvp
_spawnlpe, _wspawnlpe	_spawnvpe, _wspawnvpe

e、l、p、v 的含义同1.

3.system

用法：system函数是执行shell命令，在windows下就是将命令交给DOS或cmd.exe去执行。如果要改变c:\windows\下文件名为myfile.txt文件为只读属性，可以执行：

system("attrib +r c:\windows\myfile.txt");

注：用VC++编写源程序时，system应该写为System

总结：

相同点：三者都可以创建一个新进程；

不同点：_execl与system创建一个新进程后不返回，相当于创建的新进程替换了原来的调用进程；而_spawnl创建一个新进程后，原来的调用进程依然存在，并继续执行。

注意：system在windows和linux中都可以使用，但由于windows和linux下的命令不同，它能调用的命令也不同。如linux下能调用system("ls")，但由于windows下没有ls命令，因此不能调用。

VC++：
1 WinExec

原型:

UINT WinExec(

LPCSTR lpCmdLine, // address of command line

UINT uCmdShow      // window style for new application

);

用于十六位操作系统及兼容系统.

例如:

WinExec("notepad.exe f:\\调用程序.txt",SW_SHOW);

WinExec("notepad.exe ",SW_SHOW);

不同的参数用空格分开,故路径中不能有空格,而大部分程序默认是安装在"...\Program Files\...",如word,这极大的限制了WinExec的应用范围.

以上可不带路径:

1,程序所在目录.

2,当前路径.

3,系统目录,可以用GetSystemDirectory得到.

4,Windows 目录. 可以用TheGetWindowsDirectory得到.

5,在环境变量中设置的目录.

2 ShellExecute
原型:

HINSTANCE ShellExecute(

    HWND hwnd,                   //父窗口句柄

    LPCTSTR lpOperation,         //操作,"open","print","explore"

    LPCTSTR lpFile,              //文件名,前面可加路径

    LPCTSTR lpParameters,        //参数

    LPCTSTR lpDirectory,         //默认文件夹

    INT nShowCmd                 //显示方式

);

打开一个应用程序

ShellExecute(this->m_hWnd,"open","calc.exe","","", SW_SHOW );

或

ShellExecute(this->m_hWnd,"open","notepad.exe","c:\MyLog.log","",SW_SHOW );

打开一个同系统程序相关连的文档

ShellExecute(this->m_hWnd,"open","c:\abc.txt","","",SW_SHOW );

激活相关程序，发送EMAIL

ShellExecute(this->m_hWnd,"open","mailto:xxxx@yahoo.com","","", SW_SHOW );

用系统打印机打印文档

ShellExecute(this->m_hWnd,"print","c:\abc.txt","","", SW_HIDE);

lpParameters的用法示例:

一,建立一个可以接受参数的程序call.exe,添加如下代码:

BOOL CCallApp::InitInstance()

{

int n = __argc;

for(int i = 1 ; i < n ; i++)

AfxMessageBox(__targv[i]);

       //__targv[0]存储的是程序的文件名

...

}

二,Alt + F7的进行Project setting, Debug -> program argurments ->"1 2 3 4 5".

如果有多个参数,用空格分开.

三,运行.

四,执行ShellExecute(NULL,NULL,"f:\\call.exe","1 2 3 4 5",NULL,SW_SHOW);

3 CreateProcess

BOOL CreateProcess(

LPCTSTR lpApplicationName,

                       

LPTSTR lpCommandLine,

LPSECURITY_ATTRIBUTES lpProcessAttributes,

LPSECURITY_ATTRIBUTES lpThreadAttributes,

BOOL bInheritHandles,

DWORD dwCreationFlags,

LPVOID lpEnvironment,

LPCTSTR lpCurrentDirectory,

LPSTARTUPINFO lpStartupInfo,

LPPROCESS_INFORMATION lpProcessInformation

);

STARTUPINFO   startupInfo;

memset(&startupInfo,0,sizeof(STARTUPINFO));

startupInfo.cb = sizeof(STARTUPINFO);

示例:

//程序最启动时最大化

startupInfo.dwFlags |= STARTF_USESHOWWINDOW;

startupInfo.wShowWindow = SW_SHOWMAXIMIZED;

//运行....exe

PROCESS_INFORMATION ProcessInfo;

BOOL bCreate = ::CreateProcess

        (

        "f:\\call.exe",// 1 2 3 4",

NULL,

NULL,

        NULL,

        FALSE,

        0,

        NULL,

        NULL,

        &startupInfo,

        &ProcessInfo);

//等到call.exe执行完毕

WaitForSingleObject(ProcessInfo.hProcess,1000000);

MessageBox("调用程序结束!");