mongodb的备份与恢复

mongodb提供了两个命令来备份（mongodump ）和恢复（mongorestore ）数据库。

1.备份（mongodump ）

用法 ：

[root@web3 3]# mongodump --help

options:

--help produce help message

-v [ --verbose ] be more verbose (include multiple times for more

verbosity e.g. -vvvvv)

-h [ --host ] arg mongo host to connect to ("left,right" for pairs)

-d [ --db ] arg database to use

-c [ --collection ] arg collection to use (some commands)

-u [ --username ] arg username

-p [ --password ] arg password

--dbpath arg directly access mongod data files in the given path,

instead of connecting to a mongod instance - needs

to lock the data directory, so cannot be used if a

mongod is currently accessing the same path

--directoryperdb if dbpath specified, each db is in a separate

directory

-o [ --out ] arg (=dump) output directory

例子：

[root@web3 ~]# mongodump -h 192.168.1.103 -d citys -o /backup/mongobak/3

connected to: 192.168.1.103

DATABASE: citys to /backup/mongobak/3/citys

citys.building to /backup/mongobak/3/citys/building.bson

13650 objects

citys.system.indexes to /backup/mongobak/3/citys/system.indexes.bson

1 objects

备份出来的数据是二进制的，已经经过压缩。比实际数据库要小很多，我的数据库显示占用了260多M，备份后只有2M。

2.恢复（mongorestore ）

用法：

[root@web3 3]# mongorestore --help

usage: mongorestore [options] [directory or filename to restore from]

options:

--help produce help message

-v [ --verbose ] be more verbose (include multiple times for more

verbosity e.g. -vvvvv)

-h [ --host ] arg mongo host to connect to ("left,right" for pairs)

-d [ --db ] arg database to use

-c [ --collection ] arg collection to use (some commands)

-u [ --username ] arg username

-p [ --password ] arg password

--dbpath arg directly access mongod data files in the given path,

instead of connecting to a mongod instance - needs to

lock the data directory, so cannot be used if a

mongod is currently accessing the same path

--directoryperdb if dbpath specified, each db is in a separate

directory

--drop drop each collection before import

--objcheck validate object before inserting

--drop参数可以在导入之前把collection先删掉。

例子：

[root@web3 3]# mongorestore -h 127.0.0.1 --directoryperdb /backup/mongobak/3/

connected to: 127.0.0.1

/backup/mongobak/3/citys/building.bson

going into namespace [citys.building]

13667 objects

/backup/mongobak/3/citys/system.indexes.bson

going into namespace [citys.system.indexes]

1 objects

另外mongodb还提供了mongoexport 和 mongoimport 这两个命令来导出或导入数据，导出的数据是json格式的。也可以实现备份和恢复的功能。

例：

mongoexport -d mixi_top_city_prod -c building_45 -q '{ "uid" : "10832545" }' > mongo_10832545.bson

mongoimport -d mixi_top_city -c building_45 --file mongo_10832545.bson