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Android中自定义属性(attrs.xml,TypedArray的使用)

2012-05-15 21:36 453 查看
做Android布局是件很享受的事,这得益于他良好的xml方式。使用xml可以快速有效的为软件定义界面。可是有时候我们总感觉官方定义的一些基本组件不够用,自定义组件就不可避免了。那么如何才能做到像官方提供的那些组件一样用xml来定义他的属性呢?现在我们就来讨论一下他的用法。

1、添加文件attrs.xml,位于res\values目录下:

<?xmlversion="1.0"encoding="utf-8"?>

<resources>

<declare-styleablename="myView">

<attrname="textColor"format="color"/>

<attrname="textSize"format="dimension"/>

</declare-styleable>

</resources>


2、创建自定义控件:

import android.app.Activity;

import android.content.Context;
import android.content.res.TypedArray;
import android.graphics.Canvas;
import android.graphics.Color;
import android.graphics.Paint;
import android.graphics.Rect;
import android.graphics.Paint.Style;
import android.util.AttributeSet;
import android.view.View;

public class MyView extendsView
{
privatePaint myPaint;
privatestatic final String myString = "Hello CustomView!";
publicMyView(Context context)
{
super(context);
}
publicMyView(Context context, AttributeSet attr)
{
super(context, attr);
myPaint =new Paint();
TypedArray a = context.obtainStyledAttributes(attr, R.styleable.myView);//TypedArray是一个数组容器
floattextSize = a.getDimension(R.styleable.myView_textSize, 30);//防止在XML文件里没有定义,就加上了默认值30
inttextColor = a.getColor(R.styleable.myView_textColor, 0xFFFFFFFF);//同上,这里的属性是:名字_属性名
myPaint.setTextSize(textSize);
myPaint.setColor(textColor);
a.recycle();//我的理解是:返回以前取回的属性,供以后使用。以前取回的可能就是textSize和textColor初始化的那段
}
@Override
protectedvoid onDraw(Canvas canvas)
{
super.onDraw(canvas);
myPaint.setColor(Color.RED);
myPaint.setStyle(Style.FILL);
canvas.drawRect(newRect(10,10,100,100), myPaint);
myPaint.setColor(Color.WHITE);
canvas.drawText(myString,10, 100, myPaint);
}
}


3、在Activity布局文件中使用自定义控件:

<?xmlversion="1.0"encoding="utf-8"?>

<LinearLayoutxmlns:android="
<ahref="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android</a>"xmlns:test="<ahref="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/com.szy.custom">http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/com.szy.custom</a>" android:orientation="vertical" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="fill_parent" >
<TextView
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="@string/hello"
/>
<com.android.test.MyView
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="fill_parent"
test:textSize="10px"
test:textColor="#fff" />
</LinearLayout>


附:Android中自定义属性的格式详解

1. reference:参考某一资源ID。

(1)属性定义:

<declare-styleable name = "名称">

<attr name = "background" format = "reference" />

</declare-styleable>

(2)属性使用:

<ImageView

android:layout_width = "42dip"

android:layout_height = "42dip"

android:background = "@drawable/图片ID"

/>

2. color:颜色值。

(1)属性定义:

<declare-styleable name = "名称">

<attr name = "textColor" format = "color" />

</declare-styleable>

(2)属性使用:

<TextView

android:layout_width = "42dip"

android:layout_height = "42dip"

android:textColor = "#00FF00"

/>

3. boolean:布尔值。

(1)属性定义:

<declare-styleable name = "名称">

<attr name = "focusable" format = "boolean" />

</declare-styleable>

(2)属性使用:

<Button

android:layout_width = "42dip"

android:layout_height = "42dip"

android:focusable = "true"

/>

4. dimension:尺寸值。

(1)属性定义:

<declare-styleable name = "名称">

<attr name = "layout_width" format = "dimension" />

</declare-styleable>

(2)属性使用:

<Button

android:layout_width = "42dip"

android:layout_height = "42dip"

/>

5. float:浮点值。

(1)属性定义:

<declare-styleable name = "AlphaAnimation">

<attr name = "fromAlpha" format = "float" />

<attr name = "toAlpha" format = "float" />

</declare-styleable>

(2)属性使用:

<alpha

android:fromAlpha = "1.0"

android:toAlpha = "0.7"

/>

6. integer:整型值。

(1)属性定义:

<declare-styleable name = "AnimatedRotateDrawable">

<attr name = "visible" />

<attr name = "frameDuration" format="integer" />

<attr name = "framesCount" format="integer" />

<attr name = "pivotX" />

<attr name = "pivotY" />

<attr name = "drawable" />

</declare-styleable>

(2)属性使用:

<animated-rotate

xmlns:android = "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"

android:drawable = "@drawable/图片ID"

android:pivotX = "50%"

android:pivotY = "50%"

android:framesCount = "12"

android:frameDuration = "100"

/>

7. string:字符串。

(1)属性定义:

<declare-styleable name = "MapView">

<attr name = "apiKey" format = "string" />

</declare-styleable>

(2)属性使用:

<com.google.android.maps.MapView

android:layout_width = "fill_parent"

android:layout_height = "fill_parent"

android:apiKey = "0jOkQ80oD1JL9C6HAja99uGXCRiS2CGjKO_bc_g"

/>

8. fraction:百分数。

(1)属性定义:

<declare-styleable name="RotateDrawable">

<attr name = "visible" />

<attr name = "fromDegrees" format = "float" />

<attr name = "toDegrees" format = "float" />

<attr name = "pivotX" format = "fraction" />

<attr name = "pivotY" format = "fraction" />

<attr name = "drawable" />

</declare-styleable>

(2)属性使用:

<rotate xmlns:android = "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"

   android:interpolator = "@anim/动画ID"

android:fromDegrees = "0"

   android:toDegrees = "360"

android:pivotX = "200%"

android:pivotY = "300%"

   android:duration = "5000"

android:repeatMode = "restart"

android:repeatCount = "infinite"

/>

9. enum:枚举值。

(1)属性定义:

<declare-styleable name="名称">

<attr name="orientation">

<enum name="horizontal" value="0" />

<enum name="vertical" value="1" />

</attr>

</declare-styleable>

(2)属性使用:

<LinearLayout

xmlns:android = "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"

android:orientation = "vertical"

android:layout_width = "fill_parent"

android:layout_height = "fill_parent"

>

</LinearLayout>

10. flag:位或运算。

(1)属性定义:

<declare-styleable name="名称">

<attr name="windowSoftInputMode">

<flag name = "stateUnspecified" value = "0" />

<flag name = "stateUnchanged" value = "1" />

<flag name = "stateHidden" value = "2" />

<flag name = "stateAlwaysHidden" value = "3" />

<flag name = "stateVisible" value = "4" />

<flag name = "stateAlwaysVisible" value = "5" />

<flag name = "adjustUnspecified" value = "0x00" />

<flag name = "adjustResize" value = "0x10" />

<flag name = "adjustPan" value = "0x20" />

<flag name = "adjustNothing" value = "0x30" />

</attr>

</declare-styleable>

(2)属性使用:

<activity

android:name = ".StyleAndThemeActivity"

android:label = "@string/app_name"

android:windowSoftInputMode = "stateUnspecified | stateUnchanged | stateHidden">

<intent-filter>

<action android:name = "android.intent.action.MAIN" />

<category android:name = "android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />

</intent-filter>

</activity>

注意:

属性定义时可以指定多种类型值。

(1)属性定义:

<declare-styleable name = "名称">

<attr name = "background" format = "reference|color" />

</declare-styleable>

(2)属性使用:

<ImageView

android:layout_width = "42dip"

android:layout_height = "42dip"

android:background = "@drawable/图片ID|#00FF00"

/>
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