访问需要HTTP Basic Authentication认证的资源的各种语言的实现

无聊想调用下嘀咕的api的时候，发现需要HTTP Basic Authentication，就看了下。



什么是HTTP Basic Authentication？直接看http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basic_authentication_scheme吧。



在你访问一个需要HTTP Basic Authentication的URL的时候，如果你没有提供用户名和密码，服务器就会返回401，如果你直接在浏览器中打开，浏览器会提示你输入用户名和密码(google浏览器不会，bug？)。你可以尝试点击这个url看看效果：http://api.minicloud.com.cn/statuses/friends_timeline.xml



要在发送请求的时候添加HTTP Basic Authentication认证信息到请求中，有两种方法：

一是在请求头中添加Authorization：

Authorization: "Basic 用户名和密码的base64加密字符串"

二是在url中添加用户名和密码：

http://userName:password@api.minicloud.com.cn/statuses/friends_timeline.xml



下面来看下对于第一种在请求中添加Authorization头部的各种语言的实现代码。



先看.NET的吧：



string username="username";

string password="password";

//注意这里的格式哦，为 "username:password"

string usernamePassword = username + ":" + password;

CredentialCache mycache = new CredentialCache();

mycache.Add(new Uri(url), "Basic", new NetworkCredential(username, password));

myReq.Credentials = mycache;

myReq.Headers.Add("Authorization", "Basic " + Convert.ToBase64String(new ASCIIEncoding().GetBytes(usernamePassword)));



WebResponse wr = myReq.GetResponse();

Stream receiveStream = wr.GetResponseStream();

StreamReader reader = new StreamReader(receiveStream, Encoding.UTF8);

string content = reader.ReadToEnd();



你当然也可以使用HttpWebRequest或者其他的类来发送请求。

然后是Python的：



import urllib2

import sys

import re

import base64

from urlparse import urlparse



theurl = 'http://api.minicloud.com.cn/statuses/friends_timeline.xml'



username = 'qleelulu'

password = 'XXXXXX' # 你信这是密码吗？



base64string = base64.encodestring(

'%s:%s' % (username, password))[:-1] #注意哦，这里最后会自动添加一个\n

authheader = "Basic %s" % base64string

req.add_header("Authorization", authheader)

try:

handle = urllib2.urlopen(req)

except IOError, e:

# here we shouldn't fail if the username/password is right

print "It looks like the username or password is wrong."

sys.exit(1)

thepage = handle.read()



再来是PHP的：



<?php

$fp = fsockopen("www.mydomain.com",80);

fputs($fp,"GET /downloads HTTP/1.0");

fputs($fp,"Host: www.mydomain.com");

fputs($fp,"Authorization: Basic " . base64_encode("user:pass") . "");

fpassthru($fp);

?>



还有flash的AS3的：



import mx.rpc.events.FaultEvent;

import mx.rpc.events.ResultEvent;

import mx.utils.Base64Encoder;

import mx.rpc.http.HTTPService;

URLRequestDefaults.authenticate = false;//设默认为false，否则用户较验错误时会弹出验证框



private var result:XML;

private function initApp():void

{

var base64enc:Base64Encoder = new Base64Encoder;

base64enc.encode("user:password"); //用户名和密码需要Base64编码

var user:String = base64enc.toString();



var http:HTTPService = new HTTPService;

http.addEventListener(ResultEvent.RESULT,resultHandler);//监听返回事件

http.addEventListener(FaultEvent.FAULT,faultHandler); //监听失败事件

http.resultFormat = "e4x";//返回格式

http.url = "http://api.digu.com/statuses/friends_timeline.xml";
以嘀咕网的API为列

http.headers = {"Authorization":"Basic " + user};

http.send();

}

private function resultHandler(e:ResultEvent):void

{

result = XML(e.result);

test.dataProvider = result.status;//绑定数据

}

private function faultHandler(e:ResultEvent):void

{

//处理失败

}



还有Ruby On Rails的：



class DocumentsController < ActionController

before_filter :verify_access



def show

@document = @user.documents.find(params[:id])

end



# Use basic authentication in my realm to get a user object.

# Since this is a security filter - return false if the user is not

# authenticated.

def verify_access

authenticate_or_request_with_http_basic("Documents Realm") do |username, password|

@user = User.authenticate(username, password)

end

end

end



汗，忘记JavaScript的了：



//需要Base64见：http://www.webtoolkit.info/javascript-base64.html

function make_base_auth(user, password) {

var tok = user + ':' + pass;

var hash = Base64.encode(tok);

return "Basic " + hash;

}



var auth = make_basic_auth('QLeelulu','mypassword');

var url = 'http://example.com';



// 原始JavaScript

xml = new XMLHttpRequest();

xml.setRequestHeader('Authorization', auth);

xml.open('GET',url)



// ExtJS

Ext.Ajax.request({

url : url,

method : 'GET',

headers : { Authorization : auth }

});



// jQuery

$.ajax({

url : url,

method : 'GET',

beforeSend : function(req) {

req.setRequestHeader('Authorization', auth);

}

});



这里提醒下，HTTP Basic Authentication对于跨域又要发送post请求的用JavaScript是实现不了的。