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Proactor和Reactor模式_继续并发系统设计的扫盲

2012-04-27 09:57 495 查看
6.6.2008

Kevin Lynx

Proactor和Reactor都是并发编程中的设计模式。在我看来,他们都是用于派发/分离IO操作事件的。这里所谓的

IO事件也就是诸如read/write的IO操作。"派发/分离"就是将单独的IO事件通知到上层模块。两个模式不同的地方

在于,Proactor用于异步IO,而Reactor用于同步IO。

摘抄一些关键的东西:

"

Two patterns that involve event demultiplexors are called Reactor and Proactor [1]. The Reactor patterns

involve synchronous I/O, whereas the Proactor pattern involves asynchronous I/O.

"

关于两个模式的大致模型,从以下文字基本可以明白:

"

An example will help you understand the difference between Reactor and Proactor. We will focus on the read

operation here, as the write implementation is similar. Here's a read in Reactor:

* An event handler declares interest in I/O events that indicate readiness for read on a particular socket ;

* The event demultiplexor waits for events ;

* An event comes in and wakes-up the demultiplexor, and the demultiplexor calls the appropriate handler;

* The event handler performs the actual read operation, handles the data read, declares renewed interest in

I/O events, and returns control to the dispatcher .

By comparison, here is a read operation in Proactor (true async):

* A handler initiates an asynchronous read operation (note: the OS must support asynchronous I/O). In this

case, the handler does not care about I/O readiness events, but is instead registers interest in receiving

completion events;

* The event demultiplexor waits until the operation is completed ;

* While the event demultiplexor waits, the OS executes the read operation in a parallel kernel thread, puts

data into a user-defined buffer, and notifies the event demultiplexor that the read is complete ;

* The event demultiplexor calls the appropriate handler;

* The event handler handles the data from user defined buffer, starts a new asynchronous operation, and returns

control to the event demultiplexor.

"

可以看出,两个模式的相同点,都是对某个IO事件的事件通知(即告诉某个模块,这个IO操作可以进行或已经完成)。在结构

上,两者也有相同点:demultiplexor负责提交IO操作(异步)、查询设备是否可操作(同步),然后当条件满足时,就回调handler。

不同点在于,异步情况下(Proactor),当回调handler时,表示IO操作已经完成;同步情况下(Reactor),回调handler时,表示

IO设备可以进行某个操作(can read or can write),handler这个时候开始提交操作。

用select模型写个简单的reactor,大致为:

///

class handler

{

public:

virtual void onRead() = 0;

virtual void onWrite() = 0;

virtual void onAccept() = 0;

};

class dispatch

{

public:

void poll()

{

// add fd in the set.

//

// poll every fd

int c = select( 0, &read_fd, &write_fd, 0, 0 );

if( c > 0 )

{

for each fd in the read_fd_set

{ if fd can read

_handler->onRead();

if fd can accept

_handler->onAccept();

}

for each fd in the write_fd_set

{

if fd can write

_handler->onWrite();

}

}

}

void setHandler( handler *_h )

{

_handler = _h;

}

private:

handler *_handler;

};

/// application

class MyHandler : public handler

{

public:

void onRead()

{

}

void onWrite()

{

}

void onAccept()

{

}

};

在网上找了份Proactor模式比较正式的文档,其给出了一个总体的UML类图,比较全面:

根据这份图我随便写了个例子代码:

class AsyIOProcessor

{

public:

void do_read()

{

//send read operation to OS

// read io finished.and dispatch notification

_proactor->dispatch_read();

}

private:

Proactor *_proactor;

};

class Proactor

{

public:

void dispatch_read()

{

_handlerMgr->onRead();

}

private:

HandlerManager *_handlerMgr;

};

class HandlerManager

{

public:

typedef std::list<Handler*> HandlerList;

public:

void onRead()

{

// notify all the handlers.

std::for_each( _handlers.begin(), _handlers.end(), onRead );

}

private:

HandlerList *_handlers;

};

class Handler

{

public:

virtual void onRead() = 0;

};

// application level handler.

class MyHandler : public Handler

{

public:

void onRead()

{

//

}

};

Reactor通过某种变形,可以将其改装为Proactor,在某些不支持异步IO的系统上,也可以隐藏底层的实现,利于编写跨平台

代码。我们只需要在dispatch(也就是demultiplexor)中封装同步IO操作的代码,在上层,用户提交自己的缓冲区到这一层,

这一层检查到设备可操作时,不像原来立即回调handler,而是开始IO操作,然后将操作结果放到用户缓冲区(读),然后再

回调handler。这样,对于上层handler而言,就像是proactor一样。详细技法参见这篇文章。

其实就设计模式而言,我个人觉得某个模式其实是没有完全固定的结构的。不能说某个模式里就肯定会有某个类,类之间的

关系就肯定是这样。在实际写程序过程中也很少去特别地实现某个模式,只能说模式会给你更多更好的架构方案。

最近在看spserver的代码,看到别人提各种并发系统中的模式,有点眼红,于是才来扫扫盲。知道什么是leader follower模式,

reactor, proactor,multiplexing,对于心中的那个网络库也越来越清晰。

最近还干了些离谱的事,写了传说中的字节流编码,用模板的方式实现,不但保持了扩展性,还少写很多代码;处于效率考虑,

写了个static array容器(其实就是template <typename _Tp, std::size_t size> class static_array { _Tp _con[size]),

加了iterator,遵循STL标准,可以结合进STL的各个generic algorithm用,自我感觉不错。基础模块搭建完毕,解析了公司

服务器网络模块的消息,我是不是真的打算用自己的网络模块重写我的验证服务器?在另一个给公司写的工具里,因为实在厌恶

越来越多的重复代码,索性写了几个宏,还真的做到了代码的自动生成:D。

对优雅代码的追求真的成了种癖好. = =|

转自 http://www.cppblog.com/kevinlynx/archive/2008/06/06/52356.html
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