Logmnr 用法介绍及其注意事项(ORA-01306)

Logmnr用法介绍及其注意事项
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Environment：linux+oracle10gtwonodesrac

一、安装LogMiner工具，以下两个脚本以SYSDBA身份运行

SQL>@$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/dbmslm.sql;

Packagecreated.

Grantsucceeded.

##创建DBMS_LOGMNR包，该包用来分析日志文件。

SQL>@$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/dbmslmd.sql;

Packagecreated.

##创建DBMS_LOGMNR_D包，该包用来创建数据字典文件。

二、使用LogMiner工具

下面将详细介绍如何使用LogMiner工具。

1、创建数据字典文件（data-dictionary）

1).首先在init.ora初始化参数文件中，指定数据字典文件的位置，也就是添加一个参数UTL_FILE_DIR，该参数值为服务器中放置数据字典文件的目录。如：UTL_FILE_DIR=($ORACLE_HOME\logs),重新启动数据库，使新加的参数生效：

SQL>shutdownimmediate;

Databaseclosed.

Databasedismounted.

ORACLEinstanceshutdown.

SQL>startupmount

ORACLEinstancestarted.

TotalSystemGlobalArea922746880bytes

FixedSize1222624bytes

VariableSize209717280bytes

DatabaseBuffers704643072bytes

RedoBuffers7163904bytes

Databasemounted.

SQL>altersystemsetutl_file_dir='/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/log'scope=spfile;

Systemaltered.

SQL>shutdownimmediate

ORA-01109:databasenotopen

Databasedismounted.

ORACLEinstanceshutdown.

SQL>

SQL>startupmount

ORACLEinstancestarted.

TotalSystemGlobalArea922746880bytes

FixedSize1222624bytes

VariableSize209717280bytes

DatabaseBuffers704643072bytes

RedoBuffers7163904bytes

Databasemounted.

SQL>

SQL>showparameterutl

NAMETYPEVALUE

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

create_stored_outlinesstring

utl_file_dirstring/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0

/db_1/log

SQL>

SQL>alterdatabaseopen;

Databasealtered.

SQL>

Ps:LogMinerusesadictionaryfile,whichisaspecialfilethat

indicatesthedatabasethatcreateditaswellasthetimethefilewas

created.Thedictionaryfileisnotrequired,butisrecommended.Withouta

dictionaryfile,theequivalentSQLstatementswilluseOracleinternalobject

IDsfortheobjectnameandpresentcolumnvaluesashexdata.

也可以不使用数据字典，但是oracle推荐使用。

From：HowtoSetupLogMiner[ID111886.1]

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2).然后创建数据字典文件

SQL>executedbms_logmnr_d.build(dictionary_filename=>'dict.ora',dictionary_location=>'/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/log');

PL/SQLproceduresuccessfullycompleted.

2.创建要分析的日志文件列表

1).创建分析列表，即所要分析的日志

SQL>executedbms_logmnr.add_logfile(LogFileName=>'+DATA/ldbrac/onlinelog/group_3.266.732154759',Options=>dbms_logmnr.new);##根据时间点或者在v$log，v$archived_log中查询出要分析的log

PL/SQLproceduresuccessfullycompleted.

###为了验证效果删除一个表然后切换log

droptableaskey_id；

SQL>altersystemswitchlogfile;

Systemaltered.

将切换的log加入到分析列表

SQL>executedbms_logmnr.add_logfile(LogFileName=>'+DATA/ldbrac/onlinelog/group_2.262.732154617',Options=>dbms_logmnr.ADDFILE);

PL/SQLproceduresuccessfullycompleted.

Alertlog中会有如下信息显示

SatApr2111:35:192012

LOGMINER:Beginmininglogfile:+DATA/ldbrac/onlinelog/group_2.262.732154617

SatApr2111:35:192012

LOGMINER:Beginmininglogfile:+DATA/ldbrac/onlinelog/group_3.266.732154759

3、使用logMiner进行日志分析

1).无限制条件，即用数据字典文件对要分析的日志文件所有内容做分析

SQL>executedbms_logmnr.start_logmnr(DictFileName=>'/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/log/dict.ora');

PL/SQLproceduresuccessfullycompleted.

2).带限制条件，可以用scn号或时间做限制条件,也可组合使用

--分析日志列表中时间从20120420从10:00到13:00的内容

SQL>executedbms_logmnr.start_logmnr(startTime=>to_date('20120421100000','yyyy-mm-ddhh24:mi:ss'),endTime=>to_date('20120421130000','yyyy-mm-ddhh24:mi:ss'),DictFileName=>'/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/log/dict01.ora');

PL/SQLproceduresuccessfullycompleted

dbms_logmnr.start_logmnr函数的原型为：

PROCEDUREstart_logmnr(

startScnINNUMBERdefault0,

endScnINNUMBERdefault0,

startTimeINDATEdefault'',

endTimeINDATEdefault'',

DictFileNameINVARCHAR2default'',

OptionsINBINARY_INTEGERdefault0);

4.分析数据

V$LOGMNR_LOGS是分析日志列表视图

分析结果在GV$LOGMNR_CONTENTS视图中

根据条件查询分析结果

SQL>select*fromV$LOGMNR_CONTENTSwheresql_redolike'drop%';

SCNCSCNTIMESTAMPCOMMIT_TITHREAD#LOG_IDXIDUSN

--------------------------------------------------------------------

XIDSLTXIDSQNPXIDUSNPXIDSLTPXIDSQNRBASQNRBABLK

----------------------------------------------------------------------

RBABYTEUBAFILUBABLKUBARECUBASQNABS_FILE#REL_FILE#

注意：

使用logminer查询表v$logmnr_contents必须在同一个会话中进行，因为分析的那些

信息存储在这个session的PGA中，在别的session里面是查不到的。

如果在别的session中视图查询这个视图得到如下错误

SQL>select*fromV$LOGMNR_CONTENTS;

select*fromV$LOGMNR_CONTENTS

ERRORatline1:

ORA-01306:dbms_logmnr.start_logmnr()mustbeinvokedbeforeselectingfrom

v$logmnr_contents

视图v$logmnr_contents中的分析结果仅在我们运行过程'dbms_logmrn.start_logmnr'这个

会话的生命期中存在。这是因为所有的LogMiner存储都在PGA内存中，所有其他的进程是看

不到它的，同时随着进程的结束，分析结果也随之消失。最后，使用过程DBMS_LOGMNR.END_LOGMNR

终止日志分析事务，此时PGA内存区域被清除，分析结果也随之不再存在。

可以创建临时表解决这个问题

SQL>createtablelogmnr_tab1asselect*fromV$LOGMNR_CONTENTS;

Tablecreated.

SQL>

然后在临时表中分析

selectscn,timestamp,log_id,seg_owner,seg_name,table_name,seg_type_name,operation,sql_redo

fromsys.logmnr_tab1wheresql_redolike'drop%';

根据条件查询特定的DDL/DML操作

5．分析后释放内存

SQL>executedbms_logmnr.end_logmnr;

PL/SQLproceduresuccessfullycompleted

6.其它

1).删除日志分析文件

execdbms_logmnr.add_logfile('+DATA/ldbrac/onlinelog/group_2.262.732154617',dbms_logmnr.removefile);

注意：

BEGIN

DBMS_LOGMNR.REMOVE_LOGFILE(LOGFILENAME=>'/oracle/logs/log2.f');

END;

/

Note:Ifalogfileisremovedfromthesession,youmustcallthe

DBMS_LOGMNR.START_LOGMNRprocedureagainbeforeaccessingv$logmnr_contents.

Ifyoudonot,youwillreceiveanerror:

SQL>selectcount(*)fromv$logmnr_contents;

selectcount(*)fromv$logmnr_contents

*

ERRORatline1:

ORA-01306:dbms_logmnr.start_logmnr()mustbeinvokedbeforeselectingfrom

v$logmnr_contents

也就是说当你删除掉一个redolog后你需要重新启动logmnr否则也会得到ORA01306错误。

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附录：我写的不够详细，更详细的可以查看oracle官方文档

HowtoSetupLogMiner[ID111886.1]
	Modified31-JAN-2012TypeBULLETINStatusPUBLISHED

Appliesto:

OracleServer-EnterpriseEdition-Version:8.1.5.0to11.2.0.0.-Release:8.1.5to11.2

OracleServer-StandardEdition-Version:8.1.5.0to11.2.0.2.0[Release:8.1.5to11.2]

Informationinthisdocumentappliestoanyplatform.

Purpose

Checkedforrelevanceon24-Jun-2010

ToprovidethestepsforsettingupLogMineronthedatabase.

ScopeandApplication

ThisisintendedtohelpusersetupLogMiner.

HowtoSetupLogMiner

RELATEDDOCUMENTS

Oracle8iAdministrator'sGuide,Release8.1.6

Oracle8iAdministrator'sGuide,Release8.1.7

Oracle9iDatabaseAdministrator'sGuideRelease2(9.2)

Oracle®DatabaseUtilities10gRelease1(10.1)

Oracle®DatabaseUtilities10gRelease2(10.2)

Oracle®DatabaseUtilities11gRelease1(11.1)

Oracle®DatabaseUtilities11gRelease2(11.2)

Introduction:

=============

LogMinerrunsinanOracleinstancewiththedatabaseeithermountedor

unmounted.LogMinerusesadictionaryfile,whichisaspecialfilethat

indicatesthedatabasethatcreateditaswellasthetimethefilewas

created.Thedictionaryfileisnotrequired,butisrecommended.Withouta

dictionaryfile,theequivalentSQLstatementswilluseOracleinternalobject

IDsfortheobjectnameandpresentcolumnvaluesashexdata.

Forexample,insteadoftheSQLstatement:

INSERTINTOemp(name,salary)VALUES('JohnDoe',50000);

LogMinerwilldisplay:

insertintoObject#2581(col#1,col#2)values(hextoraw('4a6f686e20446f65'),

hextoraw('c306'));"

Createadictionaryfilebymountingadatabaseandthenextractingdictionary

informationintoanexternalfile.

Youmustcreatethedictionaryfilefromthesamedatabasethatgeneratedthe

logfilesyouwanttoanalyze.Oncecreated,youcanusethedictionaryfile

toanalyzeredologs.

Whencreatingthedictionary,specifythefollowing:

*DICTIONARY_FILENAMEtonamethedictionaryfile.

*DICTIONARY_LOCATIONtospecifythelocationofthefile.

LogMineranalyzesredologfilesfromanyversion8.0.xandlaterOracle

databasethatusesthesamedatabasecharactersetandisrunningonthesame

hardwareastheanalyzinginstance.

Note:TheLogMinerpackagesareownedbytheSYSschema.Therefore,ifyou

arenotconnectedasuserSYS,youmustincludeSYSinyourcall.For

example:

EXECUTESYS.DBMS_LOGMNR_D.BUILD

ToCreateaDictionaryFileonanOracle8Database:

===================================================

AlthoughLogMineronlyrunsondatabasesofrelease8.1orhigher,youcan

useittoanalyzeredologsfromrelease8.0databases.

1.UseanO/Scommandtocopythedbmslmd.sqlscript,whichiscontainedinthe

$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admindirectoryontheOracle8idatabase,tothesame

directoryintheOracle8database.

Forexample,enter:

%cp/8.1/oracle/rdbms/admin/dbmslmd.sql/8.0/oracle/rdbms/admin/dbmslmd.sql

Note:In8.1.5thescriptisdbmslogmnrd.sql.

In8.1.6thescriptisdbmslmd.sql.

2.UseSQL*Plustomountandthenopenthedatabasewhosefilesyouwantto

analyze.Forexample,enter:

STARTUP

3.Executethecopieddbmslmd.sqlscriptonthe8.0databasetocreatethe

DBMS_LOGMNR_Dpackage.

Forexample,enter:@dbmslmd.sql

4.MakesuretospecifyanexistingdirectorythatOraclehaspermissions

towritetobythePL/SQLprocedurebysettingtheinitialization

parameterUTL_FILE_DIRintheinit.ora.

Forexample,setthefollowingtouse/8.0/oracle/logs:

UTL_FILE_DIR=/8.0/oracle/logs

BesuretoshutdownandrestarttheinstanceafteraddingUTL_FILE_DIR

totheinit.ora.

Ifyoudonotreferencethisparameter,theprocedurewillfail.

5.ExecutethePL/SQLprocedureDBMS_LOGMNR_D.BUILD.Specifybothafilename

forthedictionaryandadirectorypathnameforthefile.Thisprocedure

createsthedictionaryfile,whichyoushouldusetoanalyzelogfiles.

Forexample,enterthefollowingtocreatefiledictionary.orain

/8.0/oracle/logs:

(REMEMBERTOINCULDETHEDASH'-'CONTINUATIONCHARACTERATTHEENDOF

EACHLINEWHENENTERINGAMULTI-LINEPL/SQLCOMMANDINSQL*PLUS)

EXECUTEDBMS_LOGMNR_D.BUILD(-

DICTIONARY_FILENAME=>'dictionary.ora',-

DICTIONARY_LOCATION=>'/8.0/oracle/logs');

AftercreatingthedictionaryfileontheOracle8.0.xinstance,the

dictionaryfileandanyarchivedlogstobeminedmustbemovedtothe

serverrunningthe8.1.xdatabaseonwhichLogMinerwillberunifitis

differentfromtheserverwhichgeneratedthearchivedlogs.

ToCreateaDictionaryFileonanOracle8iDatabase:

====================================================

1.MakesuretospecifyanexistingdirectorythatOraclehaspermissions

towritetobythePL/SQLprocedurebysettingtheinitialization

parameterUTL_FILE_DIRintheinit.ora.

Forexample,setthefollowingtouse/oracle/logs:

UTL_FILE_DIR=/oracle/logs

BesuretoshutdownandrestarttheinstanceafteraddingUTL_FILE_DIR

totheinit.ora.

Ifyoudonotreferencethisparameter,theprocedurewillfail.

2.UseSQL*Plustomountandthenopenthedatabasewhosefilesyouwantto

analyze.Forexample,enter:

STARTUP

3.ExecutethePL/SQLprocedureDBMS_LOGMNR_D.BUILD.Specifybothafilename

forthedictionaryandadirectorypathnameforthefile.Thisprocedure

createsthedictionaryfile,whichyoushouldusetoanalyzelogfiles.

Forexample,enterthefollowingtocreatefiledictionary.orain

/oracle/logs:

(REMEMBERTOINCULDETHEDASH'-'CONTINUATIONCHARACTERATTHEENDOF

EACHLINEWHENENTERINGAMULTI-LINEPL/SQLCOMMANDINSQL*PLUS)

EXECUTEDBMS_LOGMNR_D.BUILD(-

DICTIONARY_FILENAME=>'dictionary.ora',-

DICTIONARY_LOCATION=>'/oracle/logs');

ToCreateaDictionaryontheOracleDatabase(9iandlater)

====================================================

Inthe9iandlaterreleases,theabilitytoextractthedictionarytoaflatfileaswellascreatingadictionarywiththeredologsisavailable.

Forexample,enterthefollowingtocreatethefiledictionary.orain/oracle/database:

1.MakesuretospecifyanexistingdirectorythatOraclehaspermissions

towritetobythePL/SQLprocedurebysettingtheinitialization

parameterUTL_FILE_DIRintheinit.ora.

Forexample,setthefollowingtouse/oracle/logs:

UTL_FILE_DIR=/oracle/database

BesuretoshutdownandrestarttheinstanceafteraddingUTL_FILE_DIRtotheinitorspfile.

Ifyoudonotreferencethisparameter,theprocedurewillfail.

2.UseSQL*Plustomountandthenopenthedatabasewhosefilesyouwantto

analyze.Forexample,enter:

STARTUP

3.ExecutethePL/SQLprocedureDBMS_LOGMNR_D.BUILD.Specifybothafilename

forthedictionaryandadirectorypathnameforthefile.Thisprocedure

createsthedictionaryfile,whichyoushouldusetoanalyzelogfiles.

Forexample,enterthefollowingtocreatefiledictionary.orain

'/oracle/database/:

Example:

-------------

SQL>EXECUTEDBMS_LOGMNR_D.BUILD('dictionary.ora',-

2'/oracle/database/',-

3OPTIONS=>DBMS_LOGMNR_D.STORE_IN_FLAT_FILE);

Ifextractingthedatabasedictionaryinformationtotheredologs,usetheDBMS_LOGMNR_D.BUILDprocedurewiththeSTORE_IN_REDO_FILESoptionanddonotspecifyafilenameorlocation.

Example:

-------------

SQL>EXECUTEDBMS_LOGMNR_D.BUILD(-

2OPTIONS=>DBMS_LOGMNR_D.STORE_IN_REDO_LOGS);

Pleasenotethattoextractadictionarytotheredologs,thedatabasemustbeopenandinARCHIVELOGmodeandarchivingmustbeenabled

Alsotomakesurethattheredologscontaininformationthatwillprovidethemostvaluetoyou,youshouldenableatleastminimalsupplementallogging.

SQL>ALTERDATABASEADDSUPPLEMENTALLOGDATA

SpecifyingRedoLogsforAnalysis

=================================

Onceyouhavecreatedadictionaryfile,youcanbeginanalyzingredologs.

Yourfirststepistospecifythelogfilesthatyouwanttoanalyzeusing

theADD_LOGFILEprocedure.Usethefollowingconstants:

*NEWtocreateanewlist.

*ADDFILEtoaddredologstoalist.

*REMOVEFILEtoremoveredologsfromthelist.

ToUseLogMiner:

1.UseSQL*PlustostartanOracleinstance,withthedatabaseeithermounted

orunmounted.

Forexample,enter:

STARTUP

2.CreatealistoflogsbyspecifyingtheNEWoptionwhenexecutingthe

DBMS_LOGMNR.ADD_LOGFILEprocedure.Forexample,enterthefollowingto

specify/oracle/logs/log1.f:

(INCLUDETHE'-'WHENENTERINGTHEFOLLOWING)

EXECUTEDBMS_LOGMNR.ADD_LOGFILE(-

LOGFILENAME=>'/oracle/logs/log1.f',-

OPTIONS=>dbms_logmnr.NEW);

3.Ifdesired,addmorelogsbyspecifyingtheADDFILEoption.

Forexample,enterthefollowingtoadd/oracle/logs/log2.f:

(INCLUDETHE'-'WHENENTERINGTHEFOLLOWING)

EXECUTEDBMS_LOGMNR.ADD_LOGFILE(-

LOGFILENAME=>'/oracle/logs/log2.f',-

OPTIONS=>dbms_logmnr.ADDFILE);

4.Ifdesired,removelogsbyspecifyingtheREMOVEFILEoption.

Forexample,enterthefollowingtoremove/oracle/logs/log2.f:

(INCLUDETHE'-'WHENENTERINGTHEFOLLOWING)

EXECUTEDBMS_LOGMNR.ADD_LOGFILE(-

LOGFILENAME=>'/oracle/logs/log2.f',-

OPTIONS=>dbms_logmnr.REMOVEFILE);

UsingLogMiner:

===============

Onceyouhavecreatedadictionaryfileandspecifiedwhichlogstoanalyze,

youcanstartLogMinerandbeginyouranalysis.Usethefollowingoptionsto

narrowtherangeofyoursearchatstarttime:

ThisoptionSpecifies

====================

STARTSCNThebeginningofanSCNrange.

ENDSCNTheterminationofanSCNrange.

STARTTIMEThebeginningofatimeinterval.

ENDTIMETheendofatimeinterval.

DICTFILENAMEThenameofthedictionaryfile.

OnceyouhavestartedLogMiner,youcanmakeuseofthefollowingdata

dictionaryviewsforanalysis:

ThisviewDisplaysinformationabout

=====================================================================

V$LOGMNR_DICTIONARYThedictionaryfileinuse.

V$LOGMNR_PARAMETERSCurrentparametersettingsforLogMiner.

V$LOGMNR_LOGSWhichredologfilesarebeinganalyzed.

V$LOGMNR_CONTENTSThecontentsoftheredologfilesbeinganalyzed.

ToUseLogMiner:

================

1.IssuetheDBMS_LOGMNR.START_LOGMNRproceduretostartLogMinerutility.

Forexample,ifusingtheonlinecatalogasyourdictionarysource,issue:

(INCLUDETHE'-'WHENENTERINGTHEFOLLOWING)

EXECUTEDBMS_LOGMNR.START_LOGMNR(-
OPTIONS=>DBMS_LOGMNR.DICT_FROM_ONLINE_CATALOG);

Ifusingadictionaryfile(e.g./oracle/dictionary.ora),youwouldissueissue:

EXECUTEDBMS_LOGMNR.START_LOGMNR(-

DICTFILENAME=>'/oracle/dictionary.ora');

Optionally,settheSTARTTIMEandENDTIMEparameterstofilterdatabytime.

Notethattheprocedureexpectsdatevalues:usetheTO_DATEfunctionto

specifydateandtime,asinthisexample:

(INCLUDETHE'-'WHENENTERINGTHEFOLLOWING)

EXECUTEDBMS_LOGMNR.START_LOGMNR(-

DICTFILENAME=>'/oracle/dictionary.ora',-

STARTTIME=>to_date('01-Jan-199808:30:00','DD-MON-YYYYHH:MI:SS'),-

ENDTIME=>to_date('01-Jan-199808:45:00','DD-MON-YYYYHH:MI:SS'));

UsetheSTARTSCNandENDSCNparameterstofilterdatabySCN,asinthis

example:

(INCLUDETHE'-'WHENENTERINGTHEFOLLOWING)

EXECUTEDBMS_LOGMNR.START_LOGMNR(-

DICTFILENAME=>'/oracle/dictionary.ora',-

STARTSCN=>100,-

ENDSCN=>150);

2.ViewtheoutputviatheV$LOGMNR_CONTENTStable.LogMinerreturnsallrows

inSCNorder,whichisthesameorderappliedinmediarecovery.

Forexample,thefollowingquerylistsinformationaboutoperations:

SELECToperation,sql_redoFROMv$logmnr_contents;

OPERATIONSQL_REDO

-------------------------------------------------------------------

INTERNAL

INTERNAL

STARTsettransactionreadwrite;

UPDATEupdateSYS.UNDO$setNAME='RS0',USER#=1,FILE#=1,BLOCK#=2450,SCNBAS=

COMMITcommit;

STARTsettransactionreadwrite;

UPDATEupdateSYS.UNDO$setNAME='RS0',USER#=1,FILE#=1,BLOCK#=2450,SCNBAS=

COMMITcommit;

STARTsettransactionreadwrite;

UPDATEupdateSYS.UNDO$setNAME='RS0',USER#=1,FILE#=1,BLOCK#=2450,SCNBAS=

COMMITcommit;

11rowsselected.

AnalyzingArchivedRedoLogFilesfromOtherDatabases:

=======================================================

YoucanrunLogMineronaninstanceofadatabasewhileanalyzingredolog

filesfromadifferentdatabase.Toanalyzearchivedredologfilesfromother

databases,

LogMinermust:

*Accessadictionaryfilethatisbothcreatedfromthesamedatabaseasthe

redologfilesandcreatedwiththesamedatabasecharacterset.

*Runonthesamehardwareplatformthatgeneratedthelogfiles,althoughit

doesnotneedtobeonthesamesystem.

*UseredologfilesthatcanbeappliedforrecoveryfromOracleversion8.0

andlater.

REFERENCES:

==========

<148616.1>-Oracle9iLogMinerNewFeatures

<249001.1>-Oracle10gNewFeaturesofLogMiner

<174504.1>-LogMiner-FrequentlyAskedQuestions(FAQ)

Related Products OracleDatabaseProducts>OracleDatabase>OracleDatabase>OracleServer-EnterpriseEdition OracleDatabaseProducts>OracleDatabase>OracleDatabase>OracleServer-StandardEdition Keywords DBMS_LOGMNR_D.BUILD;DYNAMICADVSETUP;LOGMINER

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