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Creating Excel File Through XML

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CreatingExcelFileThroughXML
Weallknowthattheonlyplacetokeepdataisadatabase.Surprisingly,150%ofourcustomersfirmlybelievethatdatahastobestoredinExcelsheets.Asexpectedyourcustomerrejectedyourfirstandquickattempt
toexporttoExcelfilesusingCOPYTO.Nowyou'resufferingfromautomationhelltryingtokeepexecutiontimeofasimpleexportdowntolessthananhour.There'snoreasonto!
EversinceExcelXP(Excel2000withdownloadableplugins)ExcelsupportsXMLfilesinXMLSS(XMLSpreadsheet)format.That'salmostadecadenow!EvenyourmostcostsensitivecustomermighthavenowreplacedtheirOffice
95andOffice97installations,meaningthere'snoneedtochastiseyourselfwithExcelautomation.

CreatingExcelfiles

Ifyouneedtostoredata,ofcourse,youstoretheminatable.Atleastthat’swhateveryVisualFoxProdeveloperwilltellyou.Aska.NETdeveloperthesamequestionandthey’llwonderwhyyouwouldevenconsidersomething
otherthanXMLfiles.
Ourcustomersarebusinesspersons.Theonlyplacefordatathatonecantakeseriouslyis–oneshouldn’tneedtopointouttheobvious–naturallyExcel.Exceldrivesbusinessestoadegreethatmostofuswon’teven
wanttoknowabout.JustrecentlyIcameacrossanotheronemyself.Oneofthenotsosmallbanks(Barclay’sBank)andasimilarwell-knownairline(BritishAirways)worktogetherinsomecountries.

UndersomeconditionsBarclay’sissuesavouchertoitscustomerthattheycanredeemwithBritishAirways.Employeestracktheseconditionsmanually,andthensendanemailtoBritishAirwayswheretherecipientisentered
inalargeExceldocument.ToredeemthevouchercustomersneedtocallBritishAirwayswhereafewpeoplehavethepermissionstolookintothefile.Thesearebigcorporationsandthevouchersinquestionsarefortheirtopcustomers.Andstill,Excelwins
againstacarefullycraftedsolutiontoautomatedataexchangebetweenthetwocompanies.
Exceliseverywhere.Excelmakesdataaccessible.WhenyouproviderdatatousersinExcelformat,theyareusuallyhappy,becausenowtheycanworkwithdata.DatainaSQLserverorintheapplicationislockedaway.
Theycanonlydowhattheprogramallowsthemtodo.ForeverylittlebittheyhavetoaskITtoimplementanewfeature.Budgetsneedtobeallocated,decisionsmade,endlessmeetings,justtodosomethingwithdataonaserverthatwouldbeano-brainer
inExcel.
VisualFoxProoffersmultiplewaystoexportdatatoExcel.ThesimplestonesofthemaretheCOPYTOandEXPORTcommands.TheydirectlysupportseveralolderversionsofExcel.Alternatively,youcancreateatabdelimited
oraCSVfile.NamethefilewithanXLSextension.Excelissmartenoughtorealizethatthesefilescan’tbenativeXLSfiles.Rather,Excelautomaticallyconvertsthesefileswhenyouopenthem.

Office2007introducedalittlechangethatmakesthisonetinybitmoredifficult.Presumablyforsecurityreasons,Excel2007andExcel2010promptforconfirmationwhenyouopenafilewherethefileextensiondiffers
fromthecontent.
Thequickandsimpleapproachesareexactlythis:quickandsimple.There’snotalotofchoiceyouhaveregardingformattingordatatypes.Exceldeductsthetypefromthecontent.Ifsomethinglookslikeanumber,it
willbecomeanumber.
WithODBCandOLEDByoucandirectlywriteintoExcelsheets.Thisgivesyouquiteabitofcontroloverhowdataisinterpretedandwheredataisplacedinthedocument.There’szilchcontroloveranyvisualaspect,though.
Youcan’tcontrolthelayout,columnwidths,worksheetnames,andsoforth.PamelaThalackerwroteaboutusingODBCtocontrolExcelintheNovember2007issueofFoxProAdvisor(http://www.foxproadvisor.com).
Formany,manyyearsautomationwastheonlywaytotransferdatatoExcelandcontrolformattingatthesametime.Therearetwokindsofautomation.TheolderoneofthetwoisDynamicDataExchange,DDEforshort.The
currenttechnologyiscalledOLEautomationorjustautomation.Bothtechnologiessufferfromthesamedisadvantages.
Theyaren’tknownforbeingblazinglyfast.NoneofthemwillworkwhenExcelisnotinstalledonthemachine.Infact,eventheversionofExcelisoftenrelevant.Withautomationyoucan’tensurethatnodialogcomes
up.Thisrendersautomationunusableinwebserverscenarios.
ExcelXPintroducedanewstorageformatthatsolvesalloftheseproblems:XML.Itwouldn’tbeatrueMicrosoftformat,iftheformathadn’tchangedovertime.ExcelXPandExcel2003useasyntaxthatiscalledXMLSpreadsheet
(XMLSS).Adetaileddescriptionoftheformatisavailableonthefollowingwebsite:
http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa140066(office.10).aspx
Excel2007andExcel2010openXMLSSfileswithoutanyproblem.Thenativeformatofthesetwoversions,though,isOfficeOpenXML.DonotconfusethiswiththesimilarlynamedOpenOfficeXML.Thelatteristhenative
formatofOpenOffice,thecompetitionontheofficeproductmarket.OfficeOpenXML,orOOXML,isanewISOstandardsuggestedbyMicrosoft.ThestandardhasbeenacceptedinApril2008.XMLSSislimitedtoonlyExcel.YoucanstorejustaboutanyOffice
documentasOOXML,though.OOXMLsupportsthefullfeaturesetoftheMicrosoftOfficeSuite.
XMLSSismuchmorelimited.NoteveneveryfeatureofExcelsupported.Missingare,forinstance,pictures,embeddedActiveXcontrolsorOLEobjects,andVBAprojectswhichmeansmacrosupport.Lackingsupportforpictures
isactuallythemostmissedfeatureofXMLSS.ManycompaniesusetheirlogoinExcelsheets.TheselogoscannotbestoredinXMLformat.
ForusXMLSShasonebigadvantageoverOOXML.It’sdramaticallyeasiertohandle.Youdon’tneedtogeneratedozensofdifferentfilesandstoretheminaZIParchive.XLSXfilesareinfactZIParchives.XMLSSexists
longerandiseasier.Thismakesitaformatthatisprettywellsupported,evenoutsidetheOfficeproductfamily.There’sanimportfilterforOffice2000.UnlessyouhavetodealwithOffice95orOffice97,XMLSSisaprettysafeformat.Theremaining
documentwillonlycovertheXMLSSformat.
Asmentionedpreviously,youdon’thavetouseXMLasthefileextensionwhenyoucreateXMLSSfiles.Inthedefaultconfiguration,openingafilewiththeXMLextensionwouldstillopenMicrosoftExcelwhenthecontent
isanXMLSSdocument.OfficeachievesthisbyusingasmallloaderapplicationthatlooksatthecontentoftheXMLfileandthendecideswhichapplicationtolaunch.ManyusersconfigurethecomputersothatWindowsdoesn’topenXMLfilesinOffice.Theloader
doesn’tdisplaytherighticoninExplorer,though.
Thereforeit’slessconfusingandmorecompatiblewhenyouusethefamiliarXLSextensionforyouXMLfiles.ExcelopenstheseasXMLspreadsheetsautomatically.ThesimplestformofsuchanXMLspreadsheetlookslike
this:

<?xmlversion="1.0"?>

<Workbookxmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:spreadsheet"

xmlns:x="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:excel"

xmlns:ss="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:spreadsheet">

<Worksheetss:Name="Sheet1">

</Worksheet>

</Workbook>

Thisdefinesaworkbookwithasingle,emptyworksheet.IfyouwouldsavethisdocumentfromExcel,you’dnoticethatExceladdsarealbunchoffurtherinformation.Allofthoseareoptionalandwouldonlyclutterthe
file.ShouldyoueverneedtodebuganXMLSSfileitpaysofftorestrictthecontenttotheabsoluteminimum.Andyouwillneedtodebugthesefiles,trustme.
BystartingwithanemptyworkbookIalreadybrokewiththehabitofbeginningwitha„HelloWorld“example.Letmeprovideyouwithonenow:

<?xmlversion="1.0"?>

<Workbookxmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:spreadsheet"

xmlns:x="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:excel"

xmlns:ss="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:spreadsheet">

<Worksheetss:Name="Sheet1">

<Table>

<Row>

<Cell>

<Datass:Type="String">Helloworld</Data>

</Cell>

</Row>

</Table>

</Worksheet>

</Workbook>

Someattributesarerequired.Forinstance,onthe<Data>tagyouhavetospecifywhichtypeofdatayouwanttostoreinthecell.ThisiscontrarytoExcel’snormalbehavior,whichistofigureoutthingsbasedonthe
content.ThisisacommonthemeinXMLSS.YouwillseethatExceldoesnotattempttofigureoutanythingonitsown.ProvideallinformationasrequiredbyExcel,orbedoomed.That’syourchoice.
Ifyoudon’tspecifythess:Typeattribute,Excelwon’topenthedocumentatall.Insteadyougetanerrordialog.IfyouusedautomationtoopentheXLSfile,ExcelforwardstheerrortoVisualFoxPro.It’stherefore
agoodideatoencapsulateopeninganXMLSSdocumentintoaTRY…CATCH…ENDTRYblock.
IfyouwritecodethatcreatesExcelfilesyou’lllikelyseethiserrormessagequitefrequently.ExcelisverypickyaboutthedataformatintheXMLfile.Forgetjustasingleattributeortag,ormisspellone,store
datainthewrongformat,havetoomanyelementsofonekind,ortoofew,andExcelrefusestoopenthedocument.

ThispickinessofExcelisn’ttheresultofafrustratedprogrammanageratMicrosoftwhodecidedthatdevelopersneedtosharehispain.IfyouhaveworkedwithXMLdocuments,youmostlikelyusedtheDOMparser.DOM
meansDocumentObjectModel.Onceyouloadedadocumentintomemory,youcanwalkthroughanobjecttree,useXPathtosearchfornodes,andsoon.It’sacomfortablewayofaccessingXML.
ExcelusesadifferentmodecalledtheSAXparser..NETmakesthisparseravailableastheSystem.Xml.XmlReaderclass.ThisparserreadstheentireXMLdocumentinasinglepasstoptobottom.Insteadofaskingforwhatever
XMLnodeyouneed,yourcodereceivestheXMLnodesintheordertheyappearinthedocument.ThatmeansyouneedtowriteyourcodearoundthestructureoftheXMLfile,notviceversa.
Whatyougainisperformance.UsingthisparserandinsistingontagsbeinginastrictordermakesitpossibleforExceltoopena50MBXMLdocumentwithintwoseconds.WiththeDOMparseryouwouldlikelyspendminutes
forthesamedocument.
DebuggingExcelfileisanartofitsown.Fortunately,Excelprovidessomeguidancewhenthefileformatiswrong.Unfortunately,thismightbelessthanyouexpect.Excelcreatesalogfileeverytimeyouopenaninvalid
document.ThislogfilecontainsallerrorsandonWindowsXPisstoredin

C:\DocumentsandSettings\<user>\LocalSettings\TemporaryInternetFiles\Content.MSO

OnWindowsVistaandWindows7you’llfindthisfileinthefollowingdirectory:

C:\Users\<user>\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Windows\TemporaryInternetFiles\Content.MSO

AsI’vementionedabovethelogfiledoescontainanydetailsabouttheerror,theactualposition,etc.Theerrorlogonlyspecifiesthetagand,ifapplicable,theattributeorthevaluethatcausedtheproblem.However,
ifyouhavehundredsorthousandsofcellsit’snotparticularhelpfultoknowthatoneofthemcontainsanerror.
Rightnowoursampleworksheetdoesn’tlookparticularexciting.Let’sthereforestartexploitingsomemoreExcelfeaturesstepbystep.
Thecontentconsistsofrowsandcells.Youdefinitelynoticedthatthisdoesn’tleaveanyroomforcolumns.There’saseparatetagforeverythingyoucanchangeonthecolumnlevel.Themostfrequentsettingneededfor
columnsisthecolumnwidth.Toprovideyouwithabetterreadingexperience,IomitrepeatedelementsinthefollowingXMLsamples.YoufindthecompletedocumentforeverystepinthesessionmaterialontheCDorthedownloadablefiles.Changesarehighlighted
inboldfont:

<Table>

<Columnss:Width="200"/>

<Row>…</Row>

</Table>

Excelexpectsthatyoupassallsizesandpositionsinpoints,notinpixels.Apointisatypographicalunitthatis1/72thofaninch.Theactualpixelvaluedependsontheresolutionofyourmonitor.Astandardresolution
formonitorsis96dpi.Someusersmighthaveenabledlargefontsonthedisplaypropertiesdialog.Inthiscasetheresolutionisoften120dpioranyothervalue.AsVisualFoxProapplicationalwaysusepixelsinsteadtwips(no,thisdoesn’thaveanything
todowithTwitter),youcanusethefollowingformulatoconvertbetweenpixelsandpoints:

pixels=points*96/72

points=pixels*72/96

Thecolumnwedefinedintheprevioussampleistherefore267pixelswide.Otheroptionsavailableonthecolumnlevelincludevisibility,automaticresizing,andsoon.Todefinemultiplecolumnsyousimplyaddmultiple
<Column>tagstothe<Table>tag.Thereisnogroupingtagsuchas<Columns>.
Thephysicalorderofthe<Column>tagsdefinestheorderofthecolumnsintheExcelsheet.Manytagsacceptthess:Indexattribute.Withthistagyoucanskiponeormultiplecolumns.Forinstance,ifyouwanttodefine
thesizeofthefirstandthe10thcolumn,youwoulduse:

<Columnss:Width="200"/>

<Columnss:Index="10"ss:Width="200"/>

XMLSSidentifiescolumnsbynumbers.Numberingstartswith1,notlikein.NETwith0.Columnnumber10isthesameastheJcolumninExcel.Youwilllikelyusethess:Indexattributequiteabitwiththe<Cell>tag.
Youabsolutelyhavetospecifythecontentforevery<Cell>tagthatyouuse.Contentisn’toptional.Tokeepacellempty,youneedtoturnthiscellintoastringandpassanemptyvalue.
JustlinkFoxProdistinguishesbetweenEMPTY()andISBLANK(),Excelkeepstrackofwhetheracellisusedornot,evenifthecontentisemptyinbothcases.Toleaveacelltotallyemptyandundefined,youhavetoskip
thiscellintheXMLdefinitionusingthess:Indexattributeonthefollowingcolumn.
Withina<Cell>tagyouusethe<Data>tagtodefinethecontentofacell,aswellasthetype.Thethreemostcommondatatypesarestrings,numbersanddatevalues.

<Row>

<Cell><Datass:Type="String">Helloworld</Data></Cell>

<Cell>

<Data

ss:Type="DateTime">2008-05-01T00:00:00.000</Data>

</Cell>

<Cell><Datass:Type="Number">123.456</Data></Cell>

</Row>

Thereanumberofrulesregardingthecontentofacellthatyouhavetofollow.Everythingbetween<Data>and</Data>isthecontent.Firstofall,thecontentmustnothaveanyadditionalblanksorlinebreaks.Forthis
reasonIinsertedthelinebreakinthepreviousexampleintothe<Data>tagitself,notbetweentagsasinthefollowing–invalid(!)–sample:

<Datass:Type="DateTime">

2008-05-01T00:00:00.000

</Data>

Thelineabovewillcauseanerrorwhenyouattempttoopenthedocument.Excelwon’ttellyouwhichlinecausedtheerror.Atleastwhentheerrorisinthe<Data>tag,yougetanerrormessagethatactuallycontains
avalue:

XMLERRORinTable

REASON:BadValue

FILE:C:\Users\Christof\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Windows\TemporaryInternetFiles\Content.MSO\47D0ED28.xls

GROUP:Cell

TAG:Data

VALUE:2008-05-01T00:00:00.000

Thecontentbetween<Data>and</Data>mustbeconvertibleaccordingtothedatatype.There’snocleanupperformedbyExcelbeforetheconversiontakesplace.
AllstringvalueshavetobeprovidedinUTF-8format.ForEnglishtextUTF-8andANSIareidentical.However,umlautsusedinGermantexts,accentedcharactersusedineverycountryaroundtheUS,requireaconversion.
VisualFoxPromakesthisaneasyjobwiththeSTRCONV()function:

[<Datass:Type="String">]+STRCONV(cData,9)+[</Data>]

IfyoupassafieldtoSTRCONV(),makesureyoutrimthevaluewiththeALLTRIM()function.Otherwisethecellcontentmightlookstrange,especiallywhenthecellisnotleftaligned.Numericalvaluesmustuseadecimal
pointandnoseparators.ThisistrueindependentofthelanguageversionofExcelandtheregionalsettingsofWindows.ManyEuropeanuserswouldenter“1,23”inExcel.WithintheXMLdocument,however,thishastobecome“1.23”.
IfyourapplicationusesSETSYSFORMATSONtorespecttheuserssetting,ordefinesSETPOINT,youneedtoresetthisvalueto“.”fortheexportprocess.EvenifyourapplicationonlyrunsintheUSandyoudon’thave
aSpanishversion,youshouldmakeapointofchangingSETPOINT(punintended).

LocallcPoint

lcPoint=Set("Point")

SetPointTo"."

WiththissettinginplaceyoucanconvertnumericalvalueswithasimplecalltotheTRANSFORM()function.

[<Datass:Type="Number">]+TRANSFORM(nData)+[</Data>]

Numbersaren’toptional!Ifyouturnacellintoanumericvalue,youmustprovideanumber.Ifyoudon’thaveavalue,thezeroisagooddefaultvalue.Youcan’tleavethetagemptyorspecifysomethingelse.Thisis
mainlyanissuewithNULLvalues.Inyougenericroutinesyoushouldusethefollowingexpression:

TRANSFORM(NVL(nData,0))

Excelsavesdatevaluesasintegernumbers.Thisnumberisthenumberofdayssinceaparticulardate.WhenyoustoreadatevalueinanXMLspreadsheet,though,youhavetousethestandardXMLdateformat.Fortunately,
there’safunctioninVisualFoxProthatperformstheconversionforyou:

[<Datass:Type="DateTime">]+TTOC(tData,3)+[</Data>]

Herecomestheconfusingpart:EventhoughyouspecifiedthedatatypeasdateandyoupassedadatevalueinXMLformat,whatyouseenwhenyouopenthespreadsheetinExcelisamerenumber.Datavaluesarenotautomatically
formattedasdatevalues.Contrarytonumbersandstringsyouhavetoformatthecellexplicitly.
ExcelusesstylessimilartoWordorCSS.However,Excelofferssignificantlylessflexibility.Stylesaredefinedina<Styles>tagontheworkbooklevel.Allsheetswithinaworkbookareusingthesamestyle.Every
styleusedbyExcelcorrespondstoone<Style>tagthatdefinesvariousvisualaspects.

<Workbook

xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:spreadsheet"

xmlns:x="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:excel"

xmlns:ss="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:spreadsheet

<Styles>

<Styless:ID="styleDemo">

<NumberFormatss:Format="Standard"/>

</Style>

</Styles>

<Worksheetss:Name="Sheet1">…</Worksheet>

</Workbook>

StylesinExceldonotsupportinheritance,atall.Moreover,youcanonlyassignonestyletoeachcell.Imagine,youhaveacellwithacomplexformatinvolvingconditions,abackgroundpattern,aborder,andsoon.
Forthesummarylineyouneedexactlythesamestyle,exceptthatitneedstobebold.TheonlypossibilitytodothisinXMLSSistoduplicatethefirststyleandadjustthecopy.Ifyoumakechangestoonestyleyouhavetoremembertomakethesechanges
inallplaces.
Excelnamesallstylesas“S”followedbyanincrementingnumber.Youdon’thavetofollowthisexample.Justlikeyoudon’tnamevariablelc1tolc200inyourapplication,namingstylesthiswaymakesthemamaintenance
nightmare.Youcanuseanytextyouwantforthestylename,aslongasyourememberthatthenameiscasesensitive.Don’tbesurprisedwhenyourcarefullycraftednamesdisappearafteryousavedthefileinExcel.
Everytimeyousaveafile,Excelcompletelyregeneratesthelistofstyles.Stylesthatarenotusedanywhereinthespreadsheetareremovedfromthefile.AllothersstylesarenamedasExcelwouldnamethem,thatis,
“S”followedbyanumber.Yourstylenamesaregone…forever.
Whendeveloperssettleonnames,thosearen’tnecessarilythebestchoices.<NumberFormat>issuchatagwherenamemusthavebeenchosenbyadeveloperwithoutreflectingthechoicewithotherteammembers.Youcanthink
of<NumberFormat>as<CellFormat>,aslongasyouwriteit<NumberFormat>.Thistagspecifiestheformatofcells,notjustnumericcells.
Ifyouwanttodisplaythedatevaluefromoneofourprevioussamplesas“01-Mai-2008”(that’sGerman,notaspellingerror),youhavetoenterthefollowingcodeintoanEnglishversionofExcelwhentheregionalsettings
fortheEnglishversionofWindowsareGerman:

[$-409]T-MMM-JJJJ;@

Excelisextremelylanguagedependent.SomeofthiswillbiteyouwhenyoudealwithdifferentversionsofExcelordifferentregionalsettings.Butit’snotthattimeyet.Fornowyoucanbelucky,asformatsarestored
languageindependentlyintheXMLfile.Conveniently,MicrosoftsettledontheEnglishformatinstructions:

<Styless:ID="s22">

<NumberFormatss:Format="[ENG][$-409]d\-mmm\-yyyy;@"/>

</Style>

Youcanfindthecorrectformatstringusingtrialanderror.IpersonallyfinditmoreefficienttoformatthecellinExcelinthewayIwantit.ThensavethefileasXMLSpreadsheetandtakealookatthestyledefinition
inthegeneratedfile.IthenjustcopyandpastethedefinitionintomyXMLfile.
Thisbecomesabiteasierwhenyouformatthecellwithafontthatyoudon’tuseanywhereelseintheExcelsheet.WiththisyoucanopenthegeneratedXMLfileandmerelysearchforthefontnametoquicklyidentify
thestyleusedbythiscell.
ToformatacellwithacertainstyleyoupasstheIDofthestyletothe<Cell>tag’sstyleIDattribute:

<Cellss:StyleID="s22"><Datass:Type="Da…</Data></Cell>

Youcannotformatacellwithoutusingastyle.InHTMLandCSSyouhavethechoiceofcreatingaCSSselectorwiththestyleinformation,writingtheformatintothestyleattributeoruseoneoftheolderHTMLtagslike
<B></B>toformattext.InExcelcreatingastyleandassigningittoacellisyouronlychoice.
Asidefromtheformatstringyoucanalsochangethefont,styleandsizeinanXMLSSfile.Withinthe<Style>tagyouusethe<Font>tagtoalterthefontsettings:

<Styless:ID="s22">

<Fontss:FontName="Tahoma"ss:Size="13"

ss:Bold="1"ss:Color="silver"/>

</Style>

Switchessuchasss:Bold,ss:Italic,ss:Outline,ss:Shadow,ss:StrikeThrough,haveavalueofone,whenthestyleisactive,orzerowhenthestyleisdeactivated.Zeroisthedefaultvalueforallofthem.Anexception
tothisisthess:Underlineattributewhichcanhavebe“Single”or“Double”.Ifnothingisspecified,thetextisnotunderlinedatall.
Excelshineswhenitcomestofalsefriends.Therewasthe<NumberFormat>tagthatdoesn’tdealwithnumbers,thedateformatthatdoesn’tshowupasadate,emptycellsthatcannotbeempty,andsoforth.Colorsaresimilar.
WithintheXMLfiles,ExcelusesahexadecimalnotationthatissimilartoHTML.Forinstance,thevalue#FF0000denotesred.Behindthe#-sign,youspecifythevaluesforred,blueandgreen.Eachisatwo-digithexadecimal
value.Alternatively,youcanusethesamecolornamesthatInternetExplorerusesforwebsites.AlistofthesenamesisavailableonlineontheMicrosoftwebsite:
http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa358802(VS.85).aspx
Unfortunately,thetooltipnamesinthecolorselectiondialogofExceldonotmatchthesenames,soyoucandeductfromtheuserinterfacewhatvaluesyouhavetouseintheXMLfiletoobtainthesameeffect.
ThepossibilitytospecifyhexvaluesmakesExcellookmuchmoreflexiblethanitactuallyis.FoxPro2.xusedcolorsetstospecifythecolorforvariouselements.Excelcallsthempalettes,buttheconceptisthesame.
Apaletteispartoftheexcelworkbookandconsistsof40colorsforcells,eightcolorsforlinesandeightcolorsforfillingcharts.InExcelyoucanviewandeditthepalettewiththeTools>Options>Colorsmenuitem.
Wheneveryouspecifyacolorinhexadecimalnotationinoneofthestyles,Excelsearchesthelistofall56availablecolors.Whenthereisnoexactmatch,Excelwillautomaticallyusetheclosestcolor.Beforeyoucan
useyourowncolorsyouhavetodefineyourownpalettewithintheXMLfile:

<Workbook>

<Colors>

<Color>

<Index>37</Index>

<RGB>#D4CAFA</RGB>

</Color>

</Colors>

<Styles>…</Styles>

<Worksheetss:Name="Sheet1">…</Worksheet>

</Workbook>

Indexcanbeanumberbetween1and56.RGBisthedesiredcolor.Youcannotusemorethan56differentcolorsinoneExcelworkbook.
Therearemanymoreoptionstoformataspreadsheet.Youcanchangethebackgroundofacell,definethemarginforeverysideofthecell,defineaprintarea,selecttheactivecellwhenyouthespreadsheet,andmuch
more.TheeasiestwaytofindoutwhatXMLyouhavetowriteistocreateanExceldocumentthatlooksexactlyasyouwantittolook.ThensavethespreadsheetasanXMLfileandlookforthestyleorcelldefinitions.

XMLfilesarepuretextfiles.VisualFoxProprovidesextremelyflexiblewaystogeneratethesetextfiles.Youcancreatethementirelyprogrammaticallyfromthegroundup,oryouuseTEXTMERGEtogetherwithtemplates.
WhenyoustartedgeneratingXMLfiles,youwon’tgobacktopureautomation.
ThefollowingsamplegeneratesaformattedExcelsheetfromtheNorthwindCustomertablewhereeverysecondlineisdifferentlycolored:

UseNorthwind\Customers

SetPointTo"."

LocallcFile

lcFile=GetEnv("USERPROFILE")+"\Desktop\Customers.xls"

IfFile(m.lcFile)

Erase(m.lcFile)

EndIf

LocallcRows,lnField,luValue,lcStyle,lcData

lcRows=""

Scan

lcRows=m.lcRows+"<Row>"

ForlnField=1toFcount()

luValue=Evaluate(Field(m.lnField))

lcStyle=Iif(Recno()%2==0,"even","odd")

Docase

CaseInList(Vartype(m.luValue),"C")

lcData=;

[<Datass:Type="String">]+Strconv(Alltrim(m.luValue),9)+[</Data>]

CaseInList(Vartype(m.luValue),"N")

lcData=;

[<Datass:Type="Number">]+Transform(Nvl(m.luValue,0))+[</Data]

Otherwise

Loop

EndCase

lcRows=m.lcRows+;

[<Cellss:StyleID="]+m.lcStyle+[">]+m.lcData+[</Cell>]

EndFor

lcRows=m.lcRows+"</Row>"

endscan

LocallcXML

Texttom.lcXMLNoshowTextmerge

<?xmlversion="1.0"?>

<Workbookxmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:spreadsheet"

xmlns:x="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:excel"

xmlns:ss="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:spreadsheet">

<Styles>

<Styless:ID="even">

<Fontss:FontName="Tahoma"ss:Size="13"ss:Bold="1"/>

</Style>

<Styless:ID="odd">

<Fontss:FontName="Tahoma"ss:Size="13"ss:Color="red"/>

</Style>

</Styles>

<Worksheetss:Name="Sheet1">

<Table><<m.lcRows>></Table>

</Worksheet>

</Workbook>

EndText

StrToFile(m.lcXml,m.lcFile)

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