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Spring Mongodb入门

2012-04-06 11:19 197 查看
安装Spring for Mongodb

Spring项目为方便对Mongodb的操作,建立了spring-data的子项目,地址在:
http://www.springsource.org/spring-data/mongodb,目前版本是1.0.0M2阶段,已支持对Mongodb的一系列基本操作。我们先从http://www.springsource.org/spring-data/mongodb中下载相关的包:spring-data-document-1.0.0.M2.zip,下载解压后,将解压后的四个JAR文件放到工程路径的lib库中,本文中还将使用Spring 3.0.4的版本,请读者自行下载配置。

Spring Mongodb的配置

目前,可以有两种方式对Spring mongodb进行配置。第一种是使用Spring 3中的注解,另外一种是使用传统的XML配置。下面分别进行讲解:

使用Spring 3中的注解

首先在配置类中,要继承AbstractMongoConfiguration类,代码如下:

package com.mkyong.config;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

import org.springframework.data.document.mongodb.MongoTemplate;

import org.springframework.data.document.mongodb.config.AbstractMongoConfiguration;

import com.mongodb.Mongo;

/**

* Spring MongoDB configuration file

*

*/

@Configuration

public class
SpringMongoConfig extends
AbstractMongoConfiguration {

@Override

public
@Bean Mongo mongo() throws
Exception {

return
new Mongo(
" localhost
" );

}

@Override

public
@Bean MongoTemplate mongoTemplate() throws
Exception {

return
new MongoTemplate(mongo(),
" yourdb "
, "
yourCollection "
);

}

}

这里,引入了MongoTemplate模版类,并且使用对连接数据库的地址,数据库名和collection进行了初始化。

在调用Spring Mongodb配置时,只需要在需要使用的类中调用AnnotationConfigApplicationContext,传入刚才配置好的SpringMongoConfig类即可。如下代码所示:

ApplicationContext

ctx = new
AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(SpringMongoConfig.
class );

MongoOperations

mongoOperation =
(MongoOperations)ctx.getBean( "
mongoTemplate "
);

当获得了mongoOperation对象的实例后,即可进行对mongodb的相关操作。

使用XML配置文件

使用XML配置文件的方法如下:

<? xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"
?>

< beans
xmlns ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"

xmlns:xsi ="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

xmlns:context ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"

xmlns:mongo ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/mongo"

xsi:schemaLocation ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/mongo http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/mongo/spring-mongo-1.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd" >

<!-- Default bean name is 'mongo'
-->

< mongo:mongo
host ="localhost"
port ="27017"
/>

< bean
id ="mongoTemplate"

class ="org.springframework.data.document.mongodb.MongoTemplate"
>

<
constructor-arg ref
="mongo" />

<
constructor-arg name
="databaseName" value
="yourdb" />

<
constructor-arg name
="defaultCollectionName" value
="yourCollection" />

</ bean
>

<!-- To translate any MongoExceptions thrown in @Repository annotated classes
-->

< context:annotation-config
/>

</ beans
>

注意这里引用相关的命名空间xmlns:mongo="http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/mongo"

,并且在名为mongoTemplate中注入相关的数据库地址,数据库名即可,使用方法如下:

ApplicationContext ctx =
new GenericXmlApplicationContext(
" mongo-config.xml
" );

使用Spring Mongodb实现增删改查操作

下面通过实例讲解如何使用Spring Mongodb实现增删改查操作,假设我们现在有一个实

体类user如下:

package com.mkyong.user;

public class
User {

private String id;

private String firstname;

private String lastname;

private int
age;

// getter and setter methods

}

接下来,我们看具体的操作代码,如下,这里假设要将user类保存到名为userprofile的数据集中。

package com.mkyong.core;

import java.util.List;

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext;

import org.springframework.context.support.GenericXmlApplicationContext;

import org.springframework.data.document.mongodb.MongoOperations;

import org.springframework.data.document.mongodb.query.Criteria;

import org.springframework.data.document.mongodb.query.Query;

import org.springframework.data.document.mongodb.query.Update;

import com.mkyong.config.SpringMongoConfig;

import com.mkyong.user.User;

public class
App

{

public static
void main( String[] args )

{

ApplicationContext ctx =
new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(SpringMongoConfig.
class );

MongoOperations mongoOperation =
(MongoOperations)ctx.getBean( "
mongoTemplate "
);

User user =
new User( "
1001 "
, " yong
" , "
mook kim "
, 30 );

// 保存

mongoOperation.save(
" userprofile
" ,user);

// 查找

User savedUser =
mongoOperation.findOne(
" userprofile
" ,

new Query(Criteria.where(
" id
" ).is( "
1001 "
)),

User. class
);

System.out.println( "
savedUser : "
+ savedUser);

// 更新

mongoOperation.updateFirst(
" userprofile
" ,

new Query(Criteria.where(
" firstname
" ).is(
" yong "
)),

Update.update( "
lastname "
, " new lastname
" ));

User updatedUser =
mongoOperation.findOne( "
userprofile "
,

new Query(Criteria.where(
" id
" ).is( "
1001 "
)),

User. class
);

System.out.println( "
updatedUser : "
+ updatedUser);

// 删除

mongoOperation.remove(
" userprofile
" ,

new Query(Criteria.where(
" id
" ).is( "
1001 "
)),

User. class
);

// 显示当前列表

List <
User >
listUser =

mongoOperation.getCollection( "
userprofile "
, User. class
);

System.out.println( "
Number of user = "
+ listUser.size());

}

}

输出结果如下:

savedUser : User [id
= 1001 , firstname
= yong, lastname
= mook kim, age
= 30
]

updatedUser : User [id =
1001 , firstname
= yong, lastname
= new lastname, age
= 30
]

Number of user =

Spring mongodb插入数据

下面详细讲解如何使用spring mongodb插入数据。在spring mongodb中,插入数据到

mongodb有如下几种方法:

User user =
new User(
" ... "
);

// 将user对象保存到"user"这个collection中

mongoOperation.save(user);

// 将user对象保存到"new collection"这个collection中

mongoOperation.save(
" new collection
" ,user);

// 将user对象保存到"user"这个collection中

mongoOperation.insert(user);

// 将user对象保存到"new collection"这个collection中

mongoOperation.insert( "
new collection "
, user);

// 将user的对象列表(List)保存到"user"collection中去

mongoOperation.insertList(userInList);

// 将user的对象列表(List)保存到"new collection"collection中去

mongoOperation.insertList(
" new collection
" , userInList);

要注意的是,Spring mongodb中,当没有指定collection时,就会把对象保存到以对象命名的collection中。比如上例中的mongoOperation.insert(user),由于没指定collection的名称,所以会把user对象保存到user这个新建立的collection中。

另外请注意其中的save和insert的区别。它们的区别为:

1)save意思是,当记录不存在时插入,或者是当记录已存在是更新,实际上就是saveorupdate的意思。

2) insert的意思是:当记录不存在时插入,而如果记录存在时则忽略,继续插入。

下面举例子说明:

package com.mkyong.core;

import java.util.ArrayList;

import java.util.List;

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext;

import org.springframework.data.document.mongodb.MongoOperations;

import org.springframework.data.document.mongodb.query.Criteria;

import org.springframework.data.document.mongodb.query.Query;

import com.mkyong.config.SpringMongoConfig;

import com.mkyong.user.User;

public class
App {

public static
void main(String[] args) {

ApplicationContext ctx =
new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(

SpringMongoConfig. class
);

MongoOperations mongoOperation =
(MongoOperations) ctx

.getBean( "
mongoTemplate "
);

// 新增一个user对象,并把它放到"ABC"这个collection中

System.out.println(
" Case 1...
" );

User userA =
new User( "
1111 "
, " user
" , "
A "
, 99 );

mongoOperation.save( "
ABC " , userA);

// 查找刚插入的user对象

User userA1 =
mongoOperation.findOne(
" ABC "
,

new Query(Criteria.where(
" id
" ).is( "
1111 "
)), User. class
);

System.out.println(userA1);

// 插入新的user,放到userB这个collection中去

System.out.println(
" Case 2...
" );

User userB =
new User( "
2222 "
, " user
" , "
B "
, 99 );

mongoOperation.save(userB);

// 查找

User userB1 =
mongoOperation.findOne(

new Query(Criteria.where(
" id
" ).is( "
2222 "
)), User. class
);

System.out.println(userB1);

// 插入对象列表,放到arraylist中

System.out.println(
" Case 3...
" );

User userC =
new User( "
3333 "
, " user
" , "
C "
, 99 );

User userD =
new User( "
4444 "
, " user
" , "
D "
, 99 );

User userE =
new User( "
5555 "
, " user
" , "
E "
, 99 );

List < User
> userList
= new
ArrayList <
User > ();

userList.add(userC);

userList.add(userD);

userList.add(userE);

mongoOperation.insertList( "
ABC-List "
, userList);

List < User
> users =
mongoOperation.find(
" ABC-List
" , new
Query(Criteria

.where( " firstname
" ).is(
" user "
)), User. class
);

for (User temp : users) {

System.out.println(temp);

}

}

}

输出结果如下:

Case 1
...

User [id =
1111 , firstname
= user, lastname
= A, age =
99 ]

Case 2 ...

User [id =
2222 , firstname
= user, lastname
= B, age =
99 ]

Case 3 ...

User [id =
3333 , firstname
= user, lastname
= C, age =
99 ]

User [id =
4444 , firstname
= user, lastname
= D, age =
99 ]

User [id =
5555 , firstname
= user, lastname
= E, age =
99 ]

更新Document

在mongodb中,可以使用save,updateFirst(),updateMulti()方法来进行更新,下面

是相关的例子

public class
App {

public static
void main(String[] args) {

ApplicationContext ctx =
new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(

SpringMongoConfig. class
);

MongoOperations mongoOperation =
(MongoOperations) ctx

.getBean( "
mongoTemplate "
);

User user =
new User( "
1000 "
, " user-first
" , "
user-last "
, 17
);

System.out.println( "
Case 1...by save() "
);

mongoOperation.save(user);

User userPrint1 =
mongoOperation.findOne( new
Query(Criteria.where( "
id " ).is(
" 1000
" )), User.
class );

System.out.println(userPrint1);

// 修改user对象的lastname

user.setLastname(
" new last name
" );

// 更新user对象

mongoOperation.save(user);

User userPrint2 =
mongoOperation.findOne( new
Query(Criteria.where( "
id " )

.is( " 1000
" )), User.
class );

System.out.println(userPrint2);

// Case 2 ... update firstname field, $set

System.out.println(
" Case 2...by updateFirst() - $set
" );

// 将id为1000的user对象的firstname属性的值更新为”new firstname”

mongoOperation.updateFirst(
" user "
,

new Query(Criteria.where(
" _id
" ).is( "
1000 "
)),

Update.update( "
firstname "
, " new first name
" ));

User userPrint3 =
mongoOperation.findOne( new
Query(Criteria.where( "
id " )

.is( " 1000
" )), User.
class );

System.out.println(userPrint3);

// 对id为1000的user的age加上10

System.out.println(
" Case 3...by updateFirst() - $inc
" );

Update updateAge =
new Update();

updateAge.inc( "
age " ,
10 );

mongoOperation.updateFirst( "
user " ,

new Query(Criteria.where(
" _id
" ).is( "
1000 "
)), updateAge);

User userPrint4 =
mongoOperation.findOne( new
Query(Criteria

.where( " _id
" ).is(
" 1000 "
)), User. class
);

System.out.println(userPrint4);

}

}

结果为:

Case 1
...by save()

User [id =
1000 , firstname
= user -
first, lastname =
user -
last, age =
17 ]

User [id =
1000 , firstname
= user -
first, lastname =
new last name, age
= 17
]

Case 2 ...by updateFirst()
- $set

User [id =
1000 , firstname
= new first name, lastname
= new
last name, age =
17 ]

Case 3 ...by updateFirst()
- $inc

User [id =
1000 , firstname
= new first name, lastname
= new
last name, age =
27 ]

此外,还支持使用updateMulti,updateMulti是将所有的对象进行更新,比如:

mongoOperation.updateMulti(
" user "
,

new Query(Criteria.where(
" firstname
" ).is(
" yong "
)),

Update.update( "
age " ,
40 ));

表示将所有firstname为yong的user对象的age属性全部更新为40。

查询Document

在spring mongodb中,可以使用findOne(),find()和getCollection()去查询mongodb,常见的用法如下:

User user =
new User(
" ... "
);

// 找到第一个id=1001的user对象

User user =
mongoOperation.findOne(
" test "
, new
Query(Criteria

.where( " id
" ).is(
" 1001 "
)), User. class
);

// 从test集合中获得所有id<=1000并且age=21的user对象

List <
User >
users = mongoOperation.find(
" test
" , new
Query(Criteria

.where( " id
" ).lte(
" 2001 "
).and( "
age " ).is(
21 )), User.
class );

// 从test 集合中获得所有的user对象列表

List <
User >
users = mongoOperation.getCollection(
" test
" , User. class
);

删除document

在spring mongodb中, 删除document使用remove方法,示例如下:

在spring mongodb中, 删除document使用remove方法,示例如下:

User user =
new User( "
... "
);

// 删除user集合中的user对象

mongoOperation.remove(user);

// 删除test集合下的id=2的user对象

mongoOperation.remove(
" test "
, new
Query(Criteria

.where( " id
" ).is(
" 2 "
)));

// 删除test集合下的,id=3的user对象,最后并且返回这个被删除的对象

User deletedUser =
mongoOperation.findAndRemove(
" test "
,

new Query(Criteria.where(
" id
" ).is( "
3 "
)), User. class
);
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