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Android异步加载图像小结

2012-03-16 19:58 295 查看
 

研究了android从网络上异步加载图像,现总结如下:

(1)由于android UI更新支持单一线程原则,所以从网络上取数据并更新到界面上,为了不阻塞主线程首先可能会想到以下方法。

     在主线程中new 一个Handler对象,加载图像方法如下所示

    private void loadImage(final String url, final int id) {

         handler.post(new Runnable() {

                public void run() {

                    Drawable drawable = null;

                    try {

                        drawable = Drawable.createFromStream(new URL(url).openStream(), "image.png");

                    } catch (IOException e) {

                    }

                    ((ImageView) LazyLoadImageActivity.this.findViewById(id)).setImageDrawable(drawable);

                }

            });

    }

上面这个方法缺点很显然,经测试,如果要加载多个图片,这并不能实现异步加载,而是等到所有的图片都加载完才一起显示,因为它们都运行在一个线程中。

然后,我们可以简单改进下,将Handler+Runnable模式改为Handler+Thread+Message模式不就能实现同时开启多个线程吗?

(2)在主线程中new 一个Handler对象,代码如下:

    final Handler handler2=new Handler(){

          @Override

          public void handleMessage(Message msg) {

             ((ImageView) LazyLoadImageActivity.this.findViewById(msg.arg1)).setImageDrawable((Drawable)msg.obj);

          }

      };

    对应加载图像代码如下:

  //采用handler+Thread模式实现多线程异步加载

     private void loadImage2(final String url, final int id) {

         Thread thread = new Thread(){

             @Override

             public void run() {

               Drawable drawable = null;

                    try {

                        drawable = Drawable.createFromStream(new URL(url).openStream(), "image.png");

                    } catch (IOException e) {

                    }

                Message message= handler2.obtainMessage() ;

                 message.arg1 = id;

                 message.obj = drawable;

                 handler2.sendMessage(message);

             }

         };

         thread.start();

         thread = null;

    }

这样就简单实现了异步加载了。细想一下,还可以优化的,比如引入线程池、引入缓存等,我们先介绍线程池。

(3)引入ExecutorService接口,于是代码可以优化如下:

       在主线程中加入:private ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(5);   

       对应加载图像方法更改如下:

      // 引入线程池来管理多线程

    private void loadImage3(final String url, final int id) {

        executorService.submit(new Runnable() {

            public void run() {

                try {

                    final Drawable drawable = Drawable.createFromStream(new URL(url).openStream(), "image.png");

                    handler.post(new Runnable() {

                        public void run() {

                            ((ImageView) LazyLoadImageActivity.this.findViewById(id)).setImageDrawable(drawable);

                        }

                    });

                } catch (Exception e) {

                    throw new RuntimeException(e);

                }

            }

        });

    }

(4)为了更方便使用我们可以将异步加载图像方法封装一个类,对外界只暴露一个方法即可,考虑到效率问题我们可以引入内存缓存机制,做法是

建立一个HashMap,其键(key)为加载图像url,其值(value)是图像对象Drawable。先看一下我们封装的类

public class AsyncImageLoader3 {

   //为了加快速度,在内存中开启缓存(主要应用于重复图片较多时,或者同一个图片要多次被访问,比如在ListView时来回滚动)

    public Map<String, SoftReference<Drawable>> imageCache = new HashMap<String, SoftReference<Drawable>>();

    private ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(5);    //固定五个线程来执行任务

    private final Handler handler=new Handler();

     /**

     *

     * @param imageUrl     图像url地址

     * @param callback     回调接口

     * @return     返回内存中缓存的图像,第一次加载返回null

     */

    public Drawable loadDrawable(final String imageUrl, final ImageCallback callback) {

        //如果缓存过就从缓存中取出数据

        if (imageCache.containsKey(imageUrl)) {

            SoftReference<Drawable> softReference = imageCache.get(imageUrl);

            if (softReference.get() != null) {

                return softReference.get();

            }

        }

        //缓存中没有图像,则从网络上取出数据,并将取出的数据缓存到内存中

         executorService.submit(new Runnable() {

            public void run() {

                try {

                    final Drawable drawable = Drawable.createFromStream(new URL(imageUrl).openStream(), "image.png");

                    imageCache.put(imageUrl, new SoftReference<Drawable>(drawable));

                    handler.post(new Runnable() {

                        public void run() {

                           callback.imageLoaded(drawable);

                        }

                    });

                } catch (Exception e) {

                    throw new RuntimeException(e);

                }

            }

        });

        return null;

    }

     //从网络上取数据方法

    protected Drawable loadImageFromUrl(String imageUrl) {

        try {

            return Drawable.createFromStream(new URL(imageUrl).openStream(), "image.png");

        } catch (Exception e) {

            throw new RuntimeException(e);

        }

    }

    //对外界开放的回调接口

    public interface ImageCallback {

        //注意 此方法是用来设置目标对象的图像资源

        public void imageLoaded(Drawable imageDrawable);

    }

}这样封装好后使用起来就方便多了。在主线程中首先要引入AsyncImageLoader3 对象,然后直接调用其loadDrawable方法即可,需要注意的是ImageCallback接口的imageLoaded方法是唯一可以把加载的图像设置到目标ImageView或其相关的组件上。

在主线程调用代码:

  先实例化对象 private AsyncImageLoader3 asyncImageLoader3 = new AsyncImageLoader3();

  调用异步加载方法:

//引入线程池,并引入内存缓存功能,并对外部调用封装了接口,简化调用过程

    private void loadImage4(final String url, final int id) {

          //如果缓存过就会从缓存中取出图像,ImageCallback接口中方法也不会被执行

         Drawable cacheImage = asyncImageLoader.loadDrawable(url,new AsyncImageLoader.ImageCallback() {

             //请参见实现:如果第一次加载url时下面方法会执行

             public void imageLoaded(Drawable imageDrawable) {

               ((ImageView) findViewById(id)).setImageDrawable(imageDrawable);

             }

         });

        if(cacheImage!=null){

          ((ImageView) findViewById(id)).setImageDrawable(cacheImage);

        }

    }

(5)同理,下面也给出采用Thread+Handler+MessageQueue+内存缓存代码,原则同(4),只是把线程池换成了Thread+Handler+MessageQueue模式而已。代码如下:

public class AsyncImageLoader {

   //为了加快速度,加入了缓存(主要应用于重复图片较多时,或者同一个图片要多次被访问,比如在ListView时来回滚动)

    private Map<String, SoftReference<Drawable>> imageCache = new HashMap<String, SoftReference<Drawable>>();

     /**

     *

     * @param imageUrl     图像url地址

     * @param callback     回调接口

     * @return     返回内存中缓存的图像,第一次加载返回null

     */

    public Drawable loadDrawable(final String imageUrl, final ImageCallback callback) {

        //如果缓存过就从缓存中取出数据

        if (imageCache.containsKey(imageUrl)) {

            SoftReference<Drawable> softReference = imageCache.get(imageUrl);

            if (softReference.get() != null) {

                return softReference.get();

            }

        }

        final Handler handler = new Handler() {

            @Override

            public void handleMessage(Message msg) {

                callback.imageLoaded((Drawable) msg.obj);

            }

        };

        new Thread() {

            public void run() {

                Drawable drawable = loadImageFromUrl(imageUrl);

                imageCache.put(imageUrl, new SoftReference<Drawable>(drawable));

                handler.sendMessage(handler.obtainMessage(0, drawable));

            }

        }.start();

        /*

        下面注释的这段代码是Handler的一种代替方法

         */

//        new AsyncTask() {

//            @Override

//            protected Drawable doInBackground(Object... objects) {

//                  Drawable drawable = loadImageFromUrl(imageUrl);

//                imageCache.put(imageUrl, new SoftReference<Drawable>(drawable));

//                return  drawable;

//            }

//

//            @Override

//            protected void onPostExecute(Object o) {

//                  callback.imageLoaded((Drawable) o);

//            }

//        }.execute();

        return null;

    }

    protected Drawable loadImageFromUrl(String imageUrl) {

        try {

            return Drawable.createFromStream(new URL(imageUrl).openStream(), "src");

        } catch (Exception e) {

            throw new RuntimeException(e);

        }

    }

    //对外界开放的回调接口

    public interface ImageCallback {

        public void imageLoaded(Drawable imageDrawable);

    }

}

至此,异步加载就介绍完了,下面给出的代码为测试用的完整代码:

package com.bshark.supertelphone.activity;

import android.app.Activity;

import android.graphics.drawable.Drawable;

import android.os.Bundle;

import android.os.Handler;

import android.os.Message;

import android.widget.ImageView;

import com.bshark.supertelphone.R;

import com.bshark.supertelphone.ui.adapter.util.AsyncImageLoader;

import com.bshark.supertelphone.ui.adapter.util.AsyncImageLoader3;

import java.io.IOException;

import java.net.URL;

import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;

import java.util.concurrent.Executors;

public class LazyLoadImageActivity extends Activity {

       final Handler handler=new Handler();

      final Handler handler2=new Handler(){

          @Override

          public void handleMessage(Message msg) {

             ((ImageView) LazyLoadImageActivity.this.findViewById(msg.arg1)).setImageDrawable((Drawable)msg.obj);

          }

      };

 private ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(5);    //固定五个线程来执行任务

    private AsyncImageLoader asyncImageLoader = new AsyncImageLoader();

    private AsyncImageLoader3 asyncImageLoader3 = new AsyncImageLoader3();

 

 @Override

 public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {

  super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

  setContentView(R.layout.main);

  

//  loadImage("http://www.chinatelecom.com.cn/images/logo_new.gif", R.id.image1);

//  loadImage("http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif", R.id.image2);

//  loadImage("http://cache.soso.com/30d/img/web/logo.gif", R.id.image3);

//        loadImage("http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif", R.id.image4);

//  loadImage("http://cache.soso.com/30d/img/web/logo.gif", R.id.image5);

        loadImage2("http://www.chinatelecom.com.cn/images/logo_new.gif", R.id.image1);

  loadImage2("http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif", R.id.image2);

  loadImage2("http://cache.soso.com/30d/img/web/logo.gif", R.id.image3);

        loadImage2("http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif", R.id.image4);

  loadImage2("http://cache.soso.com/30d/img/web/logo.gif", R.id.image5);

//        loadImage3("http://www.chinatelecom.com.cn/images/logo_new.gif", R.id.image1);

//  loadImage3("http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif", R.id.image2);

//  loadImage3("http://cache.soso.com/30d/img/web/logo.gif", R.id.image3);

//        loadImage3("http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif", R.id.image4);

//  loadImage3("http://cache.soso.com/30d/img/web/logo.gif", R.id.image5);

//        loadImage4("http://www.chinatelecom.com.cn/images/logo_new.gif", R.id.image1);

//  loadImage4("http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif", R.id.image2);

//  loadImage4("http://cache.soso.com/30d/img/web/logo.gif", R.id.image3);

//        loadImage4("http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif", R.id.image4);

//  loadImage4("http://cache.soso.com/30d/img/web/logo.gif", R.id.image5);

//        loadImage5("http://www.chinatelecom.com.cn/images/logo_new.gif", R.id.image1);

//        //为了测试缓存而模拟的网络延时

//        SystemClock.sleep(2000);

//  loadImage5("http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif", R.id.image2);

//        SystemClock.sleep(2000);

//  loadImage5("http://cache.soso.com/30d/img/web/logo.gif", R.id.image3);

//        SystemClock.sleep(2000);

//        loadImage5("http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif", R.id.image4);

//        SystemClock.sleep(2000);

//  loadImage5("http://cache.soso.com/30d/img/web/logo.gif", R.id.image5);

//        SystemClock.sleep(2000);

//         loadImage5("http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif", R.id.image4);

 }

 @Override

 protected void onDestroy() {

  executorService.shutdown();

  super.onDestroy();

 }

    //线程加载图像基本原理

    private void loadImage(final String url, final int id) {

         handler.post(new Runnable() {

                public void run() {

                    Drawable drawable = null;

                    try {

                        drawable = Drawable.createFromStream(new URL(url).openStream(), "image.png");

                    } catch (IOException e) {

                    }

                    ((ImageView) LazyLoadImageActivity.this.findViewById(id)).setImageDrawable(drawable);

                }

            });

    }

     //采用handler+Thread模式实现多线程异步加载

     private void loadImage2(final String url, final int id) {

         Thread thread = new Thread(){

             @Override

             public void run() {

               Drawable drawable = null;

                    try {

                        drawable = Drawable.createFromStream(new URL(url).openStream(), "image.png");

                    } catch (IOException e) {

                    }

                Message message= handler2.obtainMessage() ;

                 message.arg1 = id;

                 message.obj = drawable;

                 handler2.sendMessage(message);

             }

         };

         thread.start();

         thread = null;

    }

    // 引入线程池来管理多线程

    private void loadImage3(final String url, final int id) {

        executorService.submit(new Runnable() {

            public void run() {

                try {

                    final Drawable drawable = Drawable.createFromStream(new URL(url).openStream(), "image.png");

                    handler.post(new Runnable() {

                        public void run() {

                            ((ImageView) LazyLoadImageActivity.this.findViewById(id)).setImageDrawable(drawable);

                        }

                    });

                } catch (Exception e) {

                    throw new RuntimeException(e);

                }

            }

        });

    }

    //引入线程池,并引入内存缓存功能,并对外部调用封装了接口,简化调用过程

    private void loadImage4(final String url, final int id) {

          //如果缓存过就会从缓存中取出图像,ImageCallback接口中方法也不会被执行

         Drawable cacheImage = asyncImageLoader.loadDrawable(url,new AsyncImageLoader.ImageCallback() {

             //请参见实现:如果第一次加载url时下面方法会执行

             public void imageLoaded(Drawable imageDrawable) {

               ((ImageView) findViewById(id)).setImageDrawable(imageDrawable);

             }

         });

        if(cacheImage!=null){

          ((ImageView) findViewById(id)).setImageDrawable(cacheImage);

        }

    }

    //采用Handler+Thread+封装外部接口

    private void loadImage5(final String url, final int id) {

          //如果缓存过就会从缓存中取出图像,ImageCallback接口中方法也不会被执行

         Drawable cacheImage = asyncImageLoader3.loadDrawable(url,new AsyncImageLoader3.ImageCallback() {

             //请参见实现:如果第一次加载url时下面方法会执行

             public void imageLoaded(Drawable imageDrawable) {

               ((ImageView) findViewById(id)).setImageDrawable(imageDrawable);

             }

         });

        if(cacheImage!=null){

                    ((ImageView) findViewById(id)).setImageDrawable(cacheImage);

        }

    }

}

 

xml文件大致如下:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"

              android:layout_width="fill_parent"

              android:orientation="vertical"

              android:layout_height="fill_parent" >

  <ImageView android:id="@+id/image1" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_width="fill_parent"></ImageView>

   <ImageView android:id="@+id/image2" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_width="fill_parent"></ImageView>

    <ImageView android:id="@+id/image3" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_width="fill_parent"></ImageView>

    <ImageView android:id="@+id/image5" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_width="fill_parent"></ImageView>

    <ImageView android:id="@+id/image4" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_width="fill_parent"></ImageView>

</LinearLayout>
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