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hibernate学习小结

2012-03-10 09:52 405 查看
一、PO的数据类型设置

int 还是Integer Integer 允许为 null

Hibernate 既可以访问Field也可以访问Property,访问Property是只是调用getXXX()、setXXX()方法,因此在from Customer where c.name=’Tom’ HQL中,name属性不需要存在,只要getName()存在就可以了。

二、Hibernate映射

1、映射复合主键


Java代码






主键类 Public class CustomerId implements Serializable{ Private final String name; Private final String companyid; } 映射文件 <class name=”test.Customer” table=”CUSTOMERS”> <composite-id name=”customerId” class=”test.CustomerId”> <key-property name=”name” column=”NAME” type=”string”/> <key-property name=”companyId” column=”COMPANY_ID” type=”long”/> </composite-id> <version name=”varsion” column=”VERSION” unsaved-value=”0”/> <many-to-one name=”company” class=”test.Company” column=”COMPANY_ID” insert=”false” update=”false”/> <set name=”orders” lazy=”true” inverse=”true”> <key> <column=”NAME”/> <column=”COMPANY_ID”/> </key> </set> </class> <class name=”test.Order” table=”ORDERS”> <many-to-one name=”customer” class=”test.Customer”> <column=”NAME”/> <column=”COMPANY_ID”/> </many-to-one> </class> 或 <class name=”test.Customer” table=”CUSTOMERS”> <composite-id name=”customerId” class=”test.CustomerId”> <key-property name=”name” column=”NAME” type=”string”/> <key-many-to-one name=”company” class=”test.Company” column=”COMPANY_ID”/> </composite-id> <version name=”varsion” column=”VERSION” unsaved-value=”0”/> <set name=”orders” lazy=”true” inverse=”true”> <key> <column=”NAME”/> <column=”COMPANY_ID”/> </key> </set> </class> <class name=”test.Order” table=”ORDERS”> <many-to-one name=”customer” class=”test.Customer”> <column=”NAME”/> <column=”COMPANY_ID”/> </many-to-one> </class>

主键类
Public class CustomerId implements Serializable{
Private final String name;
Private final String companyid;
}
映射文件
<class name=”test.Customer” table=”CUSTOMERS”>
<composite-id name=”customerId” class=”test.CustomerId”>
<key-property name=”name” column=”NAME” type=”string”/>
<key-property name=”companyId” column=”COMPANY_ID”  type=”long”/>
</composite-id>
<version name=”varsion” column=”VERSION” unsaved-value=”0”/>
<many-to-one name=”company” class=”test.Company” column=”COMPANY_ID” insert=”false” update=”false”/>
<set name=”orders” lazy=”true” inverse=”true”>
<key>
<column=”NAME”/>
<column=”COMPANY_ID”/>
</key>
</set>
</class>
<class name=”test.Order” table=”ORDERS”>
<many-to-one name=”customer” class=”test.Customer”>
<column=”NAME”/>
<column=”COMPANY_ID”/>
</many-to-one>
</class>

或

<class name=”test.Customer” table=”CUSTOMERS”>
<composite-id name=”customerId” class=”test.CustomerId”>
<key-property name=”name” column=”NAME” type=”string”/>
<key-many-to-one name=”company” class=”test.Company” column=”COMPANY_ID”/>

</composite-id>
<version name=”varsion” column=”VERSION” unsaved-value=”0”/>
<set name=”orders” lazy=”true” inverse=”true”>
<key>
<column=”NAME”/>
<column=”COMPANY_ID”/>
</key>
</set>
</class>
<class name=”test.Order” table=”ORDERS”>
<many-to-one name=”customer” class=”test.Customer”>
<column=”NAME”/>
<column=”COMPANY_ID”/>
</many-to-one>
</class>


2、映射组成关系

Java代码






<hibernate-mapping>
<class name=”Customer” table=”CUSTOMERS”>
<property />
<component name=”homeAddress” class=”Address”>
<parent name=”customer”/>
<property/>
</component>
<component name=”comAddress” class=”Address”>
<parent name=”customer”/>
<property/>
</component>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>

Public class Customer implements Serializable{
Address homeAddress;
Address comAddress;
}
Public class Address implements Serializable{//是VO不是PO不能单独Save,也不能关联。

Customer customer;
}

<hibernate-mapping>
<class name=”Customer” table=”CUSTOMERS”>
<property />
<component name=”homeAddress” class=”Address”>
<parent name=”customer”/>
<property/>
</component>
<component name=”comAddress” class=”Address”>
<parent name=”customer”/>
<property/>
</component>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>

Public class Customer implements Serializable{
Address homeAddress;
Address comAddress;
}
Public class Address implements Serializable{//是VO不是PO不能单独Save,也不能关联。
Customer customer;
}


3、映射聚合关系

Java代码






<set/idbag name=”images” table=”IMAGES” lazy=”true”> <key column=”CUSTOMER_ID”/> <composite-element class=”Image”> <parent name=”customer”/> <property/> <property/> </composite-element> </set/idbag> <map name=”images” table=”IMAGES” lazy=”true”> <key column=”CUSTOMER_ID”/> <index type=”string” column=”IMAGE_NAME”/> <composite-element class=”Image”> <parent name=”customer”/> <property/> <property/> </composite-element> </map >

<set/idbag name=”images” table=”IMAGES” lazy=”true”>
<key column=”CUSTOMER_ID”/>
<composite-element class=”Image”>
<parent name=”customer”/>
<property/>
<property/>
</composite-element>
</set/idbag>

<map name=”images” table=”IMAGES” lazy=”true”>
<key column=”CUSTOMER_ID”/>
<index type=”string” column=”IMAGE_NAME”/>
<composite-element class=”Image”>
<parent name=”customer”/>
<property/>
<property/>
</composite-element>
</map >


4、映射继承关系

Java代码






DOClass{ id } ClassA extends DOClass{ A1 } ClassC extends ClassA{ C1 } ClassD extends ClassA{ D1 } ClassG extends ClassD{ G1 } ClassH extends ClassD{ H1 } ClassB extends DOClass{ B1 } ClassE extends ClassB{ E1,e2,e3,e4,e5,e6 } ClassF extends ClassB{ F1,f2,f3,f4,f5,f6,f7 } TABLE_A {ID(PK),A_TYPE(discriminator),A1,C1,D1,G1,H1} TABLE_B {ID(PK),B1} TABLE_E {B_ID(PK/FK),E1,E2,E3,E4,E5,E6} TABLE_F {B_ID(PK/FK),F1,F2,F3,F4,F5,F6,F7} ClassA.hbm.xml <hibernate-mapping> <class name=”ClassA” table=”TABLE_A” discriminator-value=”A”> <id/> <discriminator column=”A_TYPE” type=”string”/> <property name=”a1” column=”A1”/> <sub-class name=”ClassC” discriminator-value=”C”> <property name=”c1” column=”C1”/> </sub-class> <subclass name=”ClassD” discriminator-value=”D”> <property name=”d1” column=”D1”/> <subclass name=”ClassG” discriminator-value=”G”> <property name=”g1” column=”G1”/> </subclass> <subclass name=”ClassH” discriminator-value=”H”> <property name=”h1” column=”H1”/> </subclasss> </subclass> </class> </hibernate-mapping> ClassB.hbm.xml <hibernate-mapping> <class name=”ClassB” table=”TABLE_B”> <id/> <property name=”b1” column=”B1”/> <joined-subclass name=”ClassE” table=”TABLE_E”> <key column=”B_ID”/> <property name=”e1” column=”E1”/> <property name=”e2” column=”E2”/> <property name=”e3” column=”E3”/> <property name=”e4” column=”E4”/> <property name=”e5” column=”E5”/> <property name=”e6” column=”E6”/> </joined-subclass> <joined-subclass name=”ClassF” table=”TABLE_F”> <key column=”B_ID”/> <property name=”f1” column=”F1”/> <property name=”f2” column=”F2”/> <property name=”f3” column=”F3”/> <property name=”f4” column=”F4”/> <property name=”f5” column=”F5”/> <property name=”f6” column=”F6”/> <property name=”f7” column=”F7”/> </joined-subclass> </class> </hibernate-mapping>

DOClass{
id
}
ClassA extends DOClass{
A1
}

ClassC extends ClassA{
C1
}

ClassD extends ClassA{
D1
}

ClassG extends ClassD{
G1
}

ClassH extends ClassD{
H1
}

ClassB extends DOClass{
B1
}

ClassE extends ClassB{
E1,e2,e3,e4,e5,e6
}

ClassF extends ClassB{
F1,f2,f3,f4,f5,f6,f7
}

TABLE_A {ID(PK),A_TYPE(discriminator),A1,C1,D1,G1,H1}
TABLE_B {ID(PK),B1}
TABLE_E {B_ID(PK/FK),E1,E2,E3,E4,E5,E6}
TABLE_F {B_ID(PK/FK),F1,F2,F3,F4,F5,F6,F7}

ClassA.hbm.xml
<hibernate-mapping>
<class name=”ClassA” table=”TABLE_A” discriminator-value=”A”>
<id/>
<discriminator column=”A_TYPE” type=”string”/>
<property name=”a1” column=”A1”/>
<sub-class name=”ClassC” discriminator-value=”C”>
<property name=”c1” column=”C1”/>
</sub-class>
<subclass name=”ClassD” discriminator-value=”D”>
<property name=”d1” column=”D1”/>
<subclass name=”ClassG” discriminator-value=”G”>
<property name=”g1” column=”G1”/>
</subclass>
<subclass name=”ClassH” discriminator-value=”H”>
<property name=”h1” column=”H1”/>
</subclasss>
</subclass>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>
ClassB.hbm.xml
<hibernate-mapping>
<class name=”ClassB” table=”TABLE_B”>
<id/>
<property name=”b1” column=”B1”/>
<joined-subclass name=”ClassE” table=”TABLE_E”>
<key column=”B_ID”/>
<property name=”e1” column=”E1”/>
<property name=”e2” column=”E2”/>
<property name=”e3” column=”E3”/>
<property name=”e4” column=”E4”/>
<property name=”e5” column=”E5”/>
<property name=”e6” column=”E6”/>
</joined-subclass>
<joined-subclass name=”ClassF” table=”TABLE_F”>
<key column=”B_ID”/>
<property name=”f1” column=”F1”/>
<property name=”f2” column=”F2”/>
<property name=”f3” column=”F3”/>
<property name=”f4” column=”F4”/>
<property name=”f5” column=”F5”/>
<property name=”f6” column=”F6”/>
<property name=”f7” column=”F7”/>
</joined-subclass>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>


5、映射Bag,List和Map

IDBag


Java代码






IMAGES{ID(PK),CUSTOMER_ID(FK),FILENAME} List images = new ArrayList(); Customer.hbm.xml <idbag name=”images” table=”IMAGES” lazy=”true”> <collection-id type=”long” column=”ID”> <generator class=”increment”/> </collection-id> <key column=”CUSTOMER_ID”/> <element column=”FILENAME” type=”string” not-null=”true”/> </idbag>

IMAGES{ID(PK),CUSTOMER_ID(FK),FILENAME}
List images = new ArrayList();
Customer.hbm.xml

<idbag name=”images” table=”IMAGES” lazy=”true”>
<collection-id type=”long” column=”ID”>
<generator class=”increment”/>
</collection-id>
<key column=”CUSTOMER_ID”/>
<element column=”FILENAME” type=”string” not-null=”true”/>
</idbag>


List

Java代码






IMAGES{CUSTOMER_ID(PK/FK),POSITION(PK),FILENAME} List images = new ArrayList(); Customer.hbm.xml <list name=”images” table=”IMAGES” lazy=”true”> <index column=”POSITION”/> <key column=”CUSTOMER_ID”/> <element column=”FILENAME” type=”string” not-null=”true”/> </list>

IMAGES{CUSTOMER_ID(PK/FK),POSITION(PK),FILENAME}
List images = new ArrayList();
Customer.hbm.xml
<list name=”images” table=”IMAGES” lazy=”true”>
<index column=”POSITION”/>
<key column=”CUSTOMER_ID”/>
<element column=”FILENAME” type=”string” not-null=”true”/>
</list>


Map

Java代码






IMAGES{CUSTOMER_ID(PK/FK),IMAGE_NAME(PK),FILENAME} Map images = new HashMap(); <map name=”images” table=”IMAGES” lazy=”true”> <key column=”CUSTOMER_ID”/> <index column=”IMAGE_NAME” type=”string”/> <element column=”FILENAME” type=”string” not-null=”true”/> </map> Set idbag map 支持数据库排序 order by =”ID” Set map 支持内存排序 sort = “MyComparator”

IMAGES{CUSTOMER_ID(PK/FK),IMAGE_NAME(PK),FILENAME}
Map images = new HashMap();
<map name=”images” table=”IMAGES” lazy=”true”>
<key column=”CUSTOMER_ID”/>
<index column=”IMAGE_NAME” type=”string”/>
<element column=”FILENAME” type=”string” not-null=”true”/>
</map>

Set idbag map 支持数据库排序  order by =”ID”
Set map 支持内存排序  sort = “MyComparator”


6、映射一对一关联关系特殊情况一

Java代码






Public class Customer{ Address homeAddress; Address comAddress; } Customer.hbm.xml <many-to-one name=”homeAddress” class=”Address” column=”HOME_ADDRESS_ID” cascade=”all” unique=”true”/> <many-to-one name=”comAddress” class=”Address” column=”COM_ADDRESS_ID” cascade=”all” unique=”true”/> Address.hbm.xml <one-to-one name=”address” class=”Customer” property-ref=”homeAddress”/>

Public class Customer{
Address homeAddress;
Address comAddress;
}

Customer.hbm.xml
<many-to-one name=”homeAddress” class=”Address” column=”HOME_ADDRESS_ID” cascade=”all” unique=”true”/>
<many-to-one name=”comAddress” class=”Address” column=”COM_ADDRESS_ID” cascade=”all” unique=”true”/>

Address.hbm.xml
<one-to-one name=”address” class=”Customer” property-ref=”homeAddress”/>


映射一对一关联关系主键映射

Java代码






Customer.hbm.xml <one-to-one name=”address” class=”Address” cascade=”all”/> Address.hbm.xml <class name=”address”> <id> <generator class=”foreign”> <param name=”property”>customer</param> </generator> </id> <one-to-one name=”customer” class=”Customer” constrained=”true”/> </class>

Customer.hbm.xml
<one-to-one name=”address” class=”Address” cascade=”all”/>
Address.hbm.xml
<class name=”address”>
<id>
<generator class=”foreign”>
<param name=”property”>customer</param>
</generator>
</id>
<one-to-one name=”customer” class=”Customer” constrained=”true”/>
</class>


7、映射一对多关联

Java代码






<class name="Person"> <id name="id" column="personId"> <generator class="native"/> </id> <many-to-one name="address" column="addressId" not-null="true"/> </class> <class name="Address"> <id name="id" column="addressId"> <generator class="native"/> </id> <set name="people" inverse="true"> <key column="addressId"/> <one-to-many class="Person"/> </set> </class>

<class name="Person">
<id name="id" column="personId">
<generator class="native"/>
</id>
<many-to-one name="address" column="addressId" not-null="true"/>
</class>

<class name="Address">
<id name="id" column="addressId">
<generator class="native"/>
</id>
<set name="people" inverse="true">
<key column="addressId"/>
<one-to-many class="Person"/>
</set>
</class>


8、映射多对多关联

Java代码






<set name=”items” table=”CATEGORY_ITEM” lazy=”true” cascade=”save-update”> <key column=”CATEGORY_ID”> <many-to-many class=”Item” column=”ITEM_ID”/> </set>

<set name=”items” table=”CATEGORY_ITEM” lazy=”true” cascade=”save-update”>
<key column=”CATEGORY_ID”>
<many-to-many class=”Item” column=”ITEM_ID”/>
</set>


三、Inverse与cascade

Inverse

应该将Set的inverse属性设置为true,如果为many-to-many 需要将一方设置为true

如Customer:Order为1:N双向关联,将Customer的Set的inverse设置为true,表示Customer与Order之间的关联关系由Order端来维护,如customer.getOrders().addOrder(o)不会更新Customer与Order之间的关联关系,而order.setCustomer(o)才会更新Customer与Order之间的关联关系。

Cascade

Save-update 保存、更新Customer会同步更新Order.

Delete 同步删除

All 包含save-update和delete操作,另外调用当前对象的evice或者lock时,对关联对象也调用相应方法。

Delete-orphan 删除所有和当前对象解除关联关系的对象。

All-delete-orphan 当关联双方为父子关系是(父亲控制孩子的持久化生命周期),如果父方删除,子方自动删除(同delete),如果子方无父亲,子方应删除。包含Delete和all-orphan的行为。

四、Hibernate缓存

Session 缓存(一级缓存),每一session确保自己的缓存的所有的持久对象唯一


通过调用session.setFlushMode()可设定缓存的清理模式,缓存的清理模式有三种:

FlushMode.AUTO:query、commit和flush的时候清理缓存。

FlushMode.COMMIT:commit和flush的时候清理缓存。

FlushMode.NEVER:只有在调用session.flush()的时候才清理缓存。

Session 只有在清理缓存的时候才会执行相应的sql操作。

可以使用session.evict()和session.clear()清空缓存。

Save、update、query都加入Session缓存

Select c.ID,c.Name,c.age,o.ORDER_NUM,o.CUSTOMER_ID from Customer c,inner join c.orders c 除外。

SessionFactory缓存(二级缓存)

Java代码






<class name=”Category” table=”CATEGORYS”>
<cache usage=”read-write”/>
<id/>
<set name=”items” inverse=”true” lazy=”true”>
<cache usage=”read-write”/>
<key…/>
</set>
</class>
<class name=”Item”>
<cache usage=”read-write”/>
<id/>
</class>

Hibernate.cache.provider=…………EhCacheProvider
Hibernate.cache.user_query_cache=true

Ehcache.xml
<ehcache>
<diskStore path=”c:\\temp”/>
<defaultCache
maxElementsInMemory=”10000”
eternal=”false”
timeToIdleSeconds=”120”
timeToLiveSeconds=”120”
overflowToDisk=”true”/>
<cache name=”Category”
maxElementsInMemory=”10000”
eternal=”false”
timeToIdleSeconds=”120”
timeToLiveSeconds=”120”
overflowToDisk=”true”/>

<cache name=”Category.Items”
maxElementsInMemory=”10000”
eternal=”false”
timeToIdleSeconds=”120”
timeToLiveSeconds=”120”
overflowToDisk=”true”/>

<cache name=”Item”
maxElementsInMemory=”10000”
eternal=”false”
timeToIdleSeconds=”120”
timeToLiveSeconds=”120”
overflowToDisk=”true”/>

<cache name=”customerQueries”…./> <!—设置查询缓存

</ehcache>

<class name=”Category” table=”CATEGORYS”>
<cache usage=”read-write”/>
<id/>
<set name=”items” inverse=”true” lazy=”true”>
<cache usage=”read-write”/>
<key…/>
</set>
</class>
<class name=”Item”>
<cache usage=”read-write”/>
<id/>
</class>

Hibernate.cache.provider=…………EhCacheProvider
Hibernate.cache.user_query_cache=true

Ehcache.xml
<ehcache>
<diskStore path=”c:\\temp”/>
<defaultCache
maxElementsInMemory=”10000”
eternal=”false”
timeToIdleSeconds=”120”
timeToLiveSeconds=”120”
overflowToDisk=”true”/>
<cache name=”Category”
maxElementsInMemory=”10000”
eternal=”false”
timeToIdleSeconds=”120”
timeToLiveSeconds=”120”
overflowToDisk=”true”/>

<cache name=”Category.Items”
maxElementsInMemory=”10000”
eternal=”false”
timeToIdleSeconds=”120”
timeToLiveSeconds=”120”
overflowToDisk=”true”/>

<cache name=”Item”
maxElementsInMemory=”10000”
eternal=”false”
timeToIdleSeconds=”120”
timeToLiveSeconds=”120”
overflowToDisk=”true”/>

<cache name=”customerQueries”…./> <!—设置查询缓存

</ehcache>


Query q = session.createQuery();

q.setCacheable(true);

q.setCacheRegion(“customerQueries”);

SessionFactory.evict(),SessionFactory.evictCollection()清除二级缓存。

直接调用JDBC API不会使用任何缓存。

二级缓存适合查询较多但是很少更新的情况。

尽量对数据库的所有操作由Hibernate来完成,而不要用其它方式对数据库进行操作,否则可能与缓存冲突,当然如果对缓存有深入研究的除外。

五、临时对象(Transient Object)、持久对象(Persistent Object)和游离对象(Detached Object)

临时对象:表示对象的主键不存在(OID不存在),Hibernate通过key的unsave-value或者version的unsaved-value来判断是否为临时对象。Session对临时对象的唯一操作应该是save()。

持久对象:在session缓存中存在持久对象,数据库中存在相应纪录。

游离对象:数据库中有相应纪录,session中不存在持久对象,可通过session.evict()获得。

Session缓存中存在,数据库中不存在,这是什么类型的对象?实际这种情况不存在,因为所有的Session操作均在事务中进行,缓存中的数据是通过save、update或者query生成,而save或者update得到的是数据库的独占锁,因此其它事务没有可能删除数据库中的数据。而query获得的是数据库的共享锁,因此其它事务也不可能获得独占锁来更新数据。因此在一个事务内部session缓存才有意义,如果脱离事务,仅仅是只读操作也可能导致session缓存中存在数据库中根本不存在相应纪录的持久性对象。

六、Hibernate 的检索策略

设定批量检索数量 batch-size

外连接深度控制hibernate.max_fetch_depth

类级别检索 load、get和find。其中load可以设置延迟检索(cglib生成代理类,可通过Hibernate.initialize()初始化),这也是load和get的区别之一。Get/find立即检索,与是否设置延迟无关。

关联检索 立即检索,延迟检索,迫切左外连接检索。Set/list/map等,无论是否延迟检索得到的都是代理集合类。而非HashSet,ArrayList等。

Lazy与outer-joint

False,false 立即检索

False,true 迫切左外连接,

True,false 延迟检索

Many-to-one 的outer-join属性

Auto:Customer的lazy为true则延迟加载,否则迫切左外连接

True:迫切左外连接

False:延迟加载或者立即加载由Customer的lazy决定。

One-to-one的延迟加载策略

<one-to-one name=”customer” class=”Customer” constrained=”true”/>

HQL会忽略迫切左外连接检索和lazy(只有load才为代理对象)策略。

Session.find(“from Customer c as c left join fetch c.orders where c.id=1”)

Hibernate的检索方式

HQL、NativeSql和QBC

From Customer c inner join c.orders o 查询结果保存到session缓存

Select c.ID,c.Name,c.age,o.ORDER_NUM,o.CUSTOMER_ID from Customer c,inner join c.orders c查询结果不存入Session缓存。

七、Hibernate并发控制

乐观锁:VERSION或者timestamp控制,session.lock()立刻进行版本检查,session.update(),update的时候执行版本检查。

悲观锁:select for upload,session.get(Customer.class,new Long(1),LockMode.UPGRADE)

总结:本文绝大多数为摘录内容,有些地方加上自己的理解,有不对之处恳请批评指正。看了书,阅读了相关帖子后,感觉学习Hibernate的重点应该是Hibernate的缓存策、查询和如何提高性能方面。

另外说点自己的感受,本人做项目到现在都是在设计阶段先有关系模型后有对象模型(其实一个Table一个对象),在这种情况下Hibernate的优势大大降低了,其实是为了Hibernate而Hibernate了,个人感觉在先有关系模型的情况下用Hibernate的意义不大。

如果按照OOAD的开发流程先有对象模型,然后根据对象模型生成关系模型,那应该说用Hibernate用对了地方。毕竟Hibernate对继承、多态,各种复杂的关系都有很好的支持。
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