使用Spring 2.5 和 Hibernate 3.2 开发MVC Web程序(基于annotation特性)

使用Spring 2.5 和 Hibernate 3.2 开发MVC Web程序(基于annotation特性)

Spring 和 Hibernate 都支持annotation开发应用程序,无疑减少呢很多XML配置,使程序看起来更”干净”,下面我们以一个简单的例子来说明:

程序的开发环境:eclipse 3.2.2 + WTP + tomcat(推荐)

首先我们建一个动态的Web项目

修改WEB-INF/web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<web-app id="ascweb" version="2.4"

xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee"

xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd">
<display-name>ascweb</display-name>

<!-- 载入Spring配置文件 -->

<context-param>

<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>

<param-value>/WEB-INF/applicationContext.xml</param-value><!-- 自动载入的spring配置 -->

</context-param>

<listener>

<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>

</listener>

<!-- 字符编码转换 -->

<filter>

<filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>

<filter-class>

org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter

</filter-class>

<init-param>

<param-name>encoding</param-name>

<param-value>UTF-8</param-value>

</init-param>

</filter>

<filter-mapping>

<filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>

<url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>

</filter-mapping>

<!-- Spring MVC 的Servlet -->

<servlet>

<servlet-name>ascweb</servlet-name>

<servlet-class>

org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet

</servlet-class>

<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>

</servlet>

<servlet-mapping>

<servlet-name>ascweb</servlet-name>

<url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>

</servlet-mapping>

<welcome-file-list>

<welcome-file>index.htm</welcome-file>

<welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>

<welcome-file>index.do</welcome-file>

</welcome-file-list>

</web-app>

建立好这个文件之后,我们在WEB-INF目录下面建一个ascweb-servlet.xml文件,其实这个文件的命名就是Web.xml中servlet-name的名字加-servlet.xml.其文件内容如下:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<!DOCTYPE beans PUBLIC "-//SPRING//DTD BEAN//EN" "http://www.springframework.org/dtd/spring-beans.dtd">

<beans>

<!-- 定义Spring MVC 的模板文件 -->

<bean id="viewResolver"

class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">

<property name="viewClass" value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView"/> <!-- 支持JSTL -->

<property name="prefix" value="WEB-INF/views/" /> <!-- 模板的路径 -->

<property name="suffix" value=".jsp" /> <!-- 模板文件的后缀-->

</bean>

<!-- 依赖注入到HelloController这个类 -->

<bean id="helloController" class="com.asc.web.ctl.HelloController">

<property name="viewName"> <!-- 设定viewName属性的值为hello -->

<value>hello</value>

</property>

<property name="userDao"> <!-- 设置属性userDao为Hibernate的Dao对象 -->

<ref bean="userDAOProxy" /> <!-- 注入一个bean(定义在Hibernate的配置文件里) -->

</property>

</bean>

</beans>

然后我们建立一个/WEB-INF/applicationContext.xml文件,其内容为:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"

xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.0.xsd">
<-- 数据源配置 -->

<bean id="dataSource" class="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource" destroy-method="close">

<property name="driverClassName">

<value>com.microsoft.sqlserver.jdbc.SQLServerDriver</value>

</property>

<property name="url">

<value>jdbc:sqlserver://192.168.1.21:2433;DatabaseName=expert</value>

</property>

<property name="username">

<value>sa</value>

</property>

<property name="password">

<value>oilchem2006</value>

</property>

</bean>

<!-- hibernate3 session Bean-->

<bean id="sessionFactory"

class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.annotation.AnnotationSessionFactoryBean">

<property name="dataSource"> <!-- 注入数据源 -->

<ref local="dataSource" />

</property>

<property name="annotatedClasses"> <!-- 需要加载的Hibernate实体类(不需要hbm.xml了) -->

<list>

<value> com.asc.dao.User</value>

</list>

</property>

<property name="hibernateProperties">

<props>

<prop key="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.SQLServerDialect</prop>

<prop key="hibernate.show_sql">true</prop>

</props>

</property>

</bean>

<!-- 事务管理 -->

<bean id="transactionManager"

class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">

<property name="sessionFactory">

<ref local="sessionFactory" />

</property>

</bean>

<!-- UserDAO bean-->

<bean id="userDAO" class=" com.asc.dao.UserDAO">

<property name="sessionFactory">

<ref local="sessionFactory" />

</property>

</bean>

<!-- 带事务处理的userDao 代理 -->

<bean id="userDAOProxy"

class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean">

<property name="transactionManager">

<ref bean="transactionManager" />

</property>

<property name="target">

<ref local="userDAO" />

</property>

<property name="transactionAttributes">

<props>

<prop key="insert*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>

<prop key="get*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,readOnly</prop>

</props>

</property>

</bean>

</beans>

然后我们开始写hibernate的代码,很简单

实体类User.java:

package com.asc.dao;

import javax.persistence.*;

import java.io.Serializable;

//指定表格的名称,注解方式

@SuppressWarnings("serial")

@Entity

@Table(name = "users2")

public class User implements Serializable {

public Integer id;

public String username;

public String password;

//主键,注解方式

@Id

@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.AUTO)

public Integer getId() {

return id;

}

public void setId(Integer id) {

this.id = id;

}

public String getPassword() {

return password;

}

public void setPassword(String password) {

this.password = password;

}

public String getUsername() {

return username;

}

public void setUsername(String username) {

this.username = username;

}

}

然后我们新建一个接口IUserDAO:

package com.asc.dao;

import java.util.List;

public interface IUserDAO {

public abstract void insertUser(User user);

public abstract List<User> selectUser();

}

我们再建一个接口的实现UserDAO:

package com.asc.dao;

import java.util.List;

import org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.support.HibernateDaoSupport;

public class UserDAO extends HibernateDaoSupport implements IUserDAO{

//插入数据

public void insertUser(User user) {

getHibernateTemplate().saveOrUpdate(user);

}

//查询数据

@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")

public List<User> selectUser(){

String sql="From User Order By id";

List<User> findByNamedQuery = getHibernateTemplate().find(sql);

return findByNamedQuery;

}

}

现在我们的Hibernate部分就全部写好了.简单吧,发现什么了吗,没有讨厌的hbm.xml文件呢,那些配置写道User这个实体类里了,这个是Java 5之后才有的功能,叫annotation(相当于元数据).

现在我们开始写MVC层

建立一个文件:

package com.asc.web.ctl;

import java.util.ArrayList;

import java.util.List;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;

import org.springframework.ui.ModelMap;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

import com.asc.dao.IUserDAO;

import com.asc.dao.User;

//还是注解方式,不用继承任何类或者实现任何接口

@Controller

public class HelloController{

private String viewName;

private IUserDAO userDao;

//在ascweb-servlet.xml里配置的,该属性已经被注入userDAOProxy接口了

public IUserDAO getUserDao() {

return userDao;

}

public void setUserDao(IUserDAO userDao) {

this.userDao = userDao;

}

public String getViewName() {

return viewName;

}

public void setViewName(String viewName) {

this.viewName = viewName;

}

//注解其url映射

@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")

@RequestMapping("/hello.do")

public String index(ModelMap map,HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response) {

// map是用来设置View层数据的

map.put("a1", "Spring真好用");

request.getSession().setAttribute("a2", "测试Session");

List<User> list2 = userDao.selectUser();

map.put("a3", list2);

return this.viewName; //该属性被注入值hello了,就是渲染视图hello.jsp

}

}

现在我们可以做最后一部了.写View层,在WEB-INF/views里新建一个hello.jsp(还记得我们在配置Spring MVC层中配置view的路径是WEB-INF/views,后缀是jsp吗)

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=utf-8"

pageEncoding="utf-8"%>

<%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="/WEB-INF/c.tld"%>

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">

<html>

<head>

<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">

<title>在此处插入标题</title>

</head>

<body>

测试: ${a1} ${a2}

<br />

<c:forEach var="list" items="${a3}">

<c:out value="${list.id}"></c:out>

<c:if test="${list.id % 2 == 0}">

<a href="#" style="color:red;border:1px #ececec solid"><c:out

value="${list.username}"></c:out></a>

</c:if>

<c:if test="${list.id % 2 != 0}">

<a href="#" style="color:green;border:1px #ececec solid"><c:out

value="${list.username}"></c:out></a>

</c:if>

<c:out value="${list.password}"></c:out>

<br />

</c:forEach>

</body>

</html>

我们再加入log4j.properties到src目录,配置日志显示.方便调试Ok,运行一下.

效果不错吧.我们的目录结构:

需要可能用到的包: