Unsafe 类的API说明，功能强大。

package sun.misc;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
/***
* This class should provide access to low-level operations and its
* use should be limited to trusted code.  Fields can be accessed using
* memory addresses, with undefined behaviour occurring if invalid memory
* addresses are given.
* 这个类提供了一个更底层的操作并且应该在受信任的代码中使用。可以通过内存地址
* 存取fields,如果给出的内存地址是无效的那么会有一个不确定的运行表现。
*
* @author Tom Tromey (tromey@redhat.com)
* @author Andrew John Hughes (gnu_andrew@member.fsf.org)
*/
public class Unsafe
{
// Singleton class.
private static Unsafe unsafe = new Unsafe();
/***
* Private default constructor to prevent creation of an arbitrary
* number of instances.
* 使用私有默认构造器防止创建多个实例
*/
private Unsafe()
{
}
/***
* Retrieve the singleton instance of <code>Unsafe</code>.  The calling
* method should guard this instance from untrusted code, as it provides
* access to low-level operations such as direct memory access.
* 获取<code>Unsafe</code>的单例,这个方法调用应该防止在不可信的代码中实例，
* 因为unsafe类提供了一个低级别的操作，例如直接内存存取。
*
* @throws SecurityException if a security manager exists and prevents
*                           access to the system properties.
*                           如果安全管理器不存在或者禁止访问系统属性
*/
public static Unsafe getUnsafe()
{
SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
if (sm != null)
sm.checkPropertiesAccess();
return unsafe;
}

/***
* Returns the memory address offset of the given static field.
* The offset is merely used as a means to access a particular field
* in the other methods of this class.  The value is unique to the given
* field and the same value should be returned on each subsequent call.
* 返回指定静态field的内存地址偏移量,在这个类的其他方法中这个值只是被用作一个访问
* 特定field的一个方式。这个值对于 给定的field是唯一的，并且后续对该方法的调用都应该
* 返回相同的值。
*
* @param field the field whose offset should be returned.
*              需要返回偏移量的field
* @return the offset of the given field.
*         指定field的偏移量
*/
public native long objectFieldOffset(Field field);
/***
* Compares the value of the integer field at the specified offset
* in the supplied object with the given expected value, and updates
* it if they match.  The operation of this method should be atomic,
* thus providing an uninterruptible way of updating an integer field.
* 在obj的offset位置比较integer field和期望的值，如果相同则更新。这个方法
* 的操作应该是原子的，因此提供了一种不可中断的方式更新integer field。
*
* @param obj the object containing the field to modify.
*            包含要修改field的对象
* @param offset the offset of the integer field within <code>obj</code>.
*               <code>obj</code>中整型field的偏移量
* @param expect the expected value of the field.
*               希望field中存在的值
* @param update the new value of the field if it equals <code>expect</code>.
*           如果期望值expect与field的当前值相同，设置filed的值为这个新值
* @return true if the field was changed.
*                             如果field的值被更改
*/
public native boolean compareAndSwapInt(Object obj, long offset,
int expect, int update);
/***
* Compares the value of the long field at the specified offset
* in the supplied object with the given expected value, and updates
* it if they match.  The operation of this method should be atomic,
* thus providing an uninterruptible way of updating a long field.
* 在obj的offset位置比较long field和期望的值，如果相同则更新。这个方法
* 的操作应该是原子的，因此提供了一种不可中断的方式更新long field。
*
* @param obj the object containing the field to modify.
*              包含要修改field的对象
* @param offset the offset of the long field within <code>obj</code>.
*               <code>obj</code>中long型field的偏移量
* @param expect the expected value of the field.
*               希望field中存在的值
* @param update the new value of the field if it equals <code>expect</code>.
*               如果期望值expect与field的当前值相同，设置filed的值为这个新值
* @return true if the field was changed.
*              如果field的值被更改
*/
public native boolean compareAndSwapLong(Object obj, long offset,
long expect, long update);
/***
* Compares the value of the object field at the specified offset
* in the supplied object with the given expected value, and updates
* it if they match.  The operation of this method should be atomic,
* thus providing an uninterruptible way of updating an object field.
* 在obj的offset位置比较object field和期望的值，如果相同则更新。这个方法
* 的操作应该是原子的，因此提供了一种不可中断的方式更新object field。
*
* @param obj the object containing the field to modify.
*    包含要修改field的对象
* @param offset the offset of the object field within <code>obj</code>.
*         <code>obj</code>中object型field的偏移量
* @param expect the expected value of the field.
*               希望field中存在的值
* @param update the new value of the field if it equals <code>expect</code>.
*               如果期望值expect与field的当前值相同，设置filed的值为这个新值
* @return true if the field was changed.
*              如果field的值被更改
*/
public native boolean compareAndSwapObject(Object obj, long offset,
Object expect, Object update);
/***
* Sets the value of the integer field at the specified offset in the
* supplied object to the given value.  This is an ordered or lazy
* version of <code>putIntVolatile(Object,long,int)</code>, which
* doesn't guarantee the immediate visibility of the change to other
* threads.  It is only really useful where the integer field is
* <code>volatile</code>, and is thus expected to change unexpectedly.
* 设置obj对象中offset偏移地址对应的整型field的值为指定值。这是一个有序或者
* 有延迟的<code>putIntVolatile</cdoe>方法，并且不保证值的改变被其他线程立
* 即看到。只有在field被<code>volatile</code>修饰并且期望被意外修改的时候
* 使用才有用。
*
* @param obj the object containing the field to modify.
*    包含需要修改field的对象
* @param offset the offset of the integer field within <code>obj</code>.
*       <code>obj</code>中整型field的偏移量
* @param value the new value of the field.
*      field将被设置的新值
* @see #putIntVolatile(Object,long,int)
*/
public native void putOrderedInt(Object obj, long offset, int value);
/***
* Sets the value of the long field at the specified offset in the
* supplied object to the given value.  This is an ordered or lazy
* version of <code>putLongVolatile(Object,long,long)</code>, which
* doesn't guarantee the immediate visibility of the change to other
* threads.  It is only really useful where the long field is
* <code>volatile</code>, and is thus expected to change unexpectedly.
* 设置obj对象中offset偏移地址对应的long型field的值为指定值。这是一个有序或者
* 有延迟的<code>putLongVolatile</cdoe>方法，并且不保证值的改变被其他线程立
* 即看到。只有在field被<code>volatile</code>修饰并且期望被意外修改的时候
* 使用才有用。
*
* @param obj the object containing the field to modify.
*    包含需要修改field的对象
* @param offset the offset of the long field within <code>obj</code>.
*       <code>obj</code>中long型field的偏移量
* @param value the new value of the field.
*      field将被设置的新值
* @see #putLongVolatile(Object,long,long)
*/
public native void putOrderedLong(Object obj, long offset, long value);
/***
* Sets the value of the object field at the specified offset in the
* supplied object to the given value.  This is an ordered or lazy
* version of <code>putObjectVolatile(Object,long,Object)</code>, which
* doesn't guarantee the immediate visibility of the change to other
* threads.  It is only really useful where the object field is
* <code>volatile</code>, and is thus expected to change unexpectedly.
* 设置obj对象中offset偏移地址对应的object型field的值为指定值。这是一个有序或者
* 有延迟的<code>putObjectVolatile</cdoe>方法，并且不保证值的改变被其他线程立
* 即看到。只有在field被<code>volatile</code>修饰并且期望被意外修改的时候
* 使用才有用。
*
* @param obj the object containing the field to modify.
*    包含需要修改field的对象
* @param offset the offset of the object field within <code>obj</code>.
*       <code>obj</code>中long型field的偏移量
* @param value the new value of the field.
*      field将被设置的新值
*/
public native void putOrderedObject(Object obj, long offset, Object value);
/***
* Sets the value of the integer field at the specified offset in the
* supplied object to the given value, with volatile store semantics.
* 设置obj对象中offset偏移地址对应的整型field的值为指定值。支持volatile store语义
*
* @param obj the object containing the field to modify.
*    包含需要修改field的对象
* @param offset the offset of the integer field within <code>obj</code>.
*       <code>obj</code>中整型field的偏移量
* @param value the new value of the field.
*       field将被设置的新值
*/
public native void putIntVolatile(Object obj, long offset, int value);
/***
* Retrieves the value of the integer field at the specified offset in the
* supplied object with volatile load semantics.
* 获取obj对象中offset偏移地址对应的整型field的值,支持volatile load语义。
*
* @param obj the object containing the field to read.
*    包含需要去读取的field的对象
* @param offset the offset of the integer field within <code>obj</code>.
*       <code>obj</code>中整型field的偏移量
*/
public native int getIntVolatile(Object obj, long offset);
/***
* Sets the value of the long field at the specified offset in the
* supplied object to the given value, with volatile store semantics.
* 设置obj对象中offset偏移地址对应的long型field的值为指定值。支持volatile store语义
*
* @param obj the object containing the field to modify.
*            包含需要修改field的对象
* @param offset the offset of the long field within <code>obj</code>.
*               <code>obj</code>中long型field的偏移量
* @param value the new value of the field.
*              field将被设置的新值
* @see #putLong(Object,long,long)
*/
public native void putLongVolatile(Object obj, long offset, long value);
/***
* Sets the value of the long field at the specified offset in the
* supplied object to the given value.
* 设置obj对象中offset偏移地址对应的long型field的值为指定值。
*
* @param obj the object containing the field to modify.
*     包含需要修改field的对象
* @param offset the offset of the long field within <code>obj</code>.
*     <code>obj</code>中long型field的偏移量
* @param value the new value of the field.
*     field将被设置的新值
* @see #putLongVolatile(Object,long,long)
*/
public native void putLong(Object obj, long offset, long value);
/***
* Retrieves the value of the long field at the specified offset in the
* supplied object with volatile load semantics.
* 获取obj对象中offset偏移地址对应的long型field的值,支持volatile load语义。
*
* @param obj the object containing the field to read.
*    包含需要去读取的field的对象
* @param offset the offset of the long field within <code>obj</code>.
*       <code>obj</code>中long型field的偏移量
* @see #getLong(Object,long)
*/
public native long getLongVolatile(Object obj, long offset);
/***
* Retrieves the value of the long field at the specified offset in the
* supplied object.
* 获取obj对象中offset偏移地址对应的long型field的值
*
* @param obj the object containing the field to read.
*    包含需要去读取的field的对象
* @param offset the offset of the long field within <code>obj</code>.
*       <code>obj</code>中long型field的偏移量
* @see #getLongVolatile(Object,long)
*/
public native long getLong(Object obj, long offset);
/***
* Sets the value of the object field at the specified offset in the
* supplied object to the given value, with volatile store semantics.
* 设置obj对象中offset偏移地址对应的object型field的值为指定值。支持volatile store语义
*
* @param obj the object containing the field to modify.
*    包含需要修改field的对象
* @param offset the offset of the object field within <code>obj</code>.
*     <code>obj</code>中object型field的偏移量
* @param value the new value of the field.
*       field将被设置的新值
* @see #putObject(Object,long,Object)
*/
public native void putObjectVolatile(Object obj, long offset, Object value);
/***
* Sets the value of the object field at the specified offset in the
* supplied object to the given value.
* 设置obj对象中offset偏移地址对应的object型field的值为指定值。
*
* @param obj the object containing the field to modify.
*    包含需要修改field的对象
* @param offset the offset of the object field within <code>obj</code>.
*     <code>obj</code>中object型field的偏移量
* @param value the new value of the field.
*       field将被设置的新值
* @see #putObjectVolatile(Object,long,Object)
*/
public native void putObject(Object obj, long offset, Object value);
/***
* Retrieves the value of the object field at the specified offset in the
* supplied object with volatile load semantics.
* 获取obj对象中offset偏移地址对应的object型field的值,支持volatile load语义。
*
* @param obj the object containing the field to read.
*    包含需要去读取的field的对象
* @param offset the offset of the object field within <code>obj</code>.
*       <code>obj</code>中object型field的偏移量
*/
public native Object getObjectVolatile(Object obj, long offset);
/***
* Returns the offset of the first element for a given array class.
* To access elements of the array class, this value may be used along with
* with that returned by
* <a href="#arrayIndexScale"><code>arrayIndexScale</code></a>,
* if non-zero.
* 获取给定数组中第一个元素的偏移地址。
* 为了存取数组中的元素，这个偏移地址与<a href="#arrayIndexScale"><code>arrayIndexScale
* </code></a>方法的非0返回值一起被使用。
* @param arrayClass the class for which the first element's address should
*                   be obtained.
*                   第一个元素地址被获取的class
* @return the offset of the first element of the array class.
*    数组第一个元素 的偏移地址
* @see arrayIndexScale(Class)
*/
public native int arrayBaseOffset(Class arrayClass);
/***
* Returns the scale factor used for addressing elements of the supplied
* array class.  Where a suitable scale factor can not be returned (e.g.
* for primitive types), zero should be returned.  The returned value
* can be used with
* <a href="#arrayBaseOffset"><code>arrayBaseOffset</code></a>
* to access elements of the class.
* 获取用户给定数组寻址的换算因子.一个合适的换算因子不能返回的时候(例如：基本类型),
* 返回0.这个返回值能够与<a href="#arrayBaseOffset"><code>arrayBaseOffset</code>
* </a>一起使用去存取这个数组class中的元素
*
* @param arrayClass the class whose scale factor should be returned.
* @return the scale factor, or zero if not supported for this array class.
*/
public native int arrayIndexScale(Class arrayClass);

/***
* Releases the block on a thread created by
* <a href="#park"><code>park</code></a>.  This method can also be used
* to terminate a blockage caused by a prior call to <code>park</code>.
* This operation is unsafe, as the thread must be guaranteed to be
* live.  This is true of Java, but not native code.
* 释放被<a href="#park"><code>park</code></a>创建的在一个线程上的阻塞.这个
* 方法也可以被使用来终止一个先前调用<code>park</code>导致的阻塞.
* 这个操作操作时不安全的,因此线程必须保证是活的.这是java代码不是native代码。
* @param thread the thread to unblock.
*           要解除阻塞的线程
*/
public native void unpark(Thread thread);
/***
* Blocks the thread until a matching
* <a href="#unpark"><code>unpark</code></a> occurs, the thread is
* interrupted or the optional timeout expires.  If an <code>unpark</code>
* call has already occurred, this also counts.  A timeout value of zero
* is defined as no timeout.  When <code>isAbsolute</code> is
* <code>true</code>, the timeout is in milliseconds relative to the
* epoch.  Otherwise, the value is the number of nanoseconds which must
* occur before timeout.  This call may also return spuriously (i.e.
* for no apparent reason).
* 阻塞一个线程直到<a href="#unpark"><code>unpark</code></a>出现、线程
* 被中断或者timeout时间到期。如果一个<code>unpark</code>调用已经出现了，
* 这里只计数。timeout为0表示永不过期.当<code>isAbsolute</code>为true时，
* timeout是相对于新纪元之后的毫秒。否则这个值就是超时前的纳秒数。这个方法执行时
* 也可能不合理地返回(没有具体原因)
*
* @param isAbsolute true if the timeout is specified in milliseconds from
*                   the epoch.
*                   如果为true timeout的值是一个相对于新纪元之后的毫秒数
* @param time either the number of nanoseconds to wait, or a time in
*             milliseconds from the epoch to wait for.
*             可以是一个要等待的纳秒数，或者是一个相对于新纪元之后的毫秒数直到
*             到达这个时间点
*/
public native void park(boolean isAbsolute, long time);
}