RedHat Linux AS4U4 i386下安装MySQL5(别人写的，很实用，记录一下)

1 . 下载二进制版的mysql-5.0.87-linux-i686.tar.gz

2. 将解压后生成的目录,复制到/usr/local/下并改名为mysql

3. // 建立mysql组

# groupadd mysql

//建立mysql用户并且加入到mysql组中

# useradd mysql -g mysql

4. //系统默认的配置，其中设置了性能参数和Mysql的一些路径参数

# cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf

5. # cd /usr/local/mysql

//初试化表并且规定用mysql用户来访问。初始化表以后就开始给mysql和root用户设定访问权限

# ./scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql

6.//设定root能访问/usr/local/mysql

# chown -R root /usr/local/mysql

//设定mysql用户能访问/usr/local/mysql/data ,里面存的是mysql的数据库文件.这个目录是在/etc/my.cnf中有配置，在mysql_install_db时产生。

# chown -R mysql /usr/local/mysql/data

//设定mysql用户能访问/usr/local/mysql/data/下的所有文件

# chown -R mysql /usr/local/mysql/data/.

//设定mysql组能够访问/usr/local/mysql

# chgrp -R /usr/local/mysql

7.//运行mysql,如果没有问题的话,应该会出现类似这样的提示:[1] 42264 # Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /usr/local/mysql/var

# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &

如果出现 mysql ended这样的语句，表示Mysql没有正常启动，你可以到log中查找问题，Log文件的通常在/etc/my.cnf中配置。大多数问题是权限设置不正确引起的.

8.//默认安装密码为空，为了安全你需要修改.

# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u root password "yourpassword "

以下配置是把mysql设置成系统自启动方法1

-------------------------------方法1--- begin-----------------------------

9. # cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld

//copy编译目录的一个脚本

# chmod 700 /etc/init.d/mysqld

# chkconfig --add mysqld

//设置使mysql每次启动都能自动运行

# chkconfig --level 345 mysqld on

10.# service mysqld start

//启动mysqld服务

# netstat -nat

//查看3306端口是否打开。要注意在防火墙中开放该端口。

-------------------------------方法1--- end-----------------------------

以下配置是把mysql设置成系统自启动方法2

-------------------------------方法2--- begin-----------------------------

cp /usr/local/mysql/support_files/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld

ln -s /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld /etc/rc.d/rc5.d/S99mysqld

cp /usr/local/mysql/support_files/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf

/etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld stop (start)

-------------------------------方法2--- end-----------------------------

补充：在创建数据库的时候使用了gbk字符集，但是在使用的过程中需要utf8的，否则库中中文全部乱码，没办法，改吧！

修改数据库的字符集：

mysql>use mydb

mysql>alter database mydb character set utf-8;

创建数据库指定数据库的字符集：

mysql>create database mydb character set utf-8;

通过配置文件修改:

修改/var/lib/mysql/mydb/db.opt

default-character-set=latin1

default-collation=latin1_swedish_ci

为

default-character-set=utf8

default-collation=utf8_general_ci

重起MySQL:

[root@bogon ~]# /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql restart

通过MySQL命令行修改:

mysql> set character_set_client=utf8;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> set character_set_connection=utf8;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> set character_set_database=utf8;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> set character_set_results=utf8;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> set character_set_server=utf8;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> set character_set_system=utf8;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> set collation_connection=utf8;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> set collation_database=utf8;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> set collation_server=utf8;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

[b]查看:

mysql> show variables like 'character_set_%';

+--------------------------+----------------------------+

| Variable_name | Value |

+--------------------------+----------------------------+

| character_set_client | utf8 |

| character_set_connection | utf8 |

| character_set_database | utf8 |

| character_set_filesystem | binary |

| character_set_results | utf8 |

| character_set_server | utf8 |

| character_set_system | utf8 |

| character_sets_dir | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |

+--------------------------+----------------------------+

8 rows in set (0.03 sec)

mysql> show variables like 'collation_%';

+----------------------+-----------------+

| Variable_name | Value |

+----------------------+-----------------+

| collation_connection | utf8_general_ci |

| collation_database | utf8_general_ci |

| collation_server | utf8_general_ci |

+----------------------+-----------------+

3 rows in set (0.04 sec)

[/b]