android中获取位置的三种方式

1.GPS定位

2.基站定位

此类位置的获取有赖于手机无线通讯信号，当手机处在信号覆盖范围内，手机可以获得该区域（即通讯术语中的“小区”）的识别号。因为这些识别号是惟一的，因此可以将识别号和地理坐标对应起来，因此根据识别号就可以知道地理位置。但是误差比较大。

MCC（Mobile Country Code）、MNC（Mobile Network Code）、LAC（Location Aera Code）、CID（Cell Tower ID）是通讯业内的名词。MCC标识国家，MNC标识网络，两者组合起来则唯一标识一家通讯运营商。从维基百科上了解到，一个国家的MCC不唯一，例如中国有460和461，一家运营商也不只一个MNC，例如中国移动有00、02、07。LAC标识区域，类似于行政区域，运营商将大区域划分成若干小区域，每个区域分配一个LAC。CID标识基站，若手机处在工作状态，则必须要和一个通讯基站进行通讯，通过CID就可以确定手机所在的地理范围。

在Android当中，大部分和通讯网络相关的信息都需要经过一项系统服务，即TelephoneManager来获得。

TelephonyManager mTelMan = (TelephonyManager) getSystemService(Context.TELEPHONY_SERVICE);

String operator = mTelMan.getNetworkOperator();

String mcc = operator.substring(0, 3);

String mnc = operator.substring(3);

GsmCellLocation location = (GsmCellLocation) mTelMan.getCellLocation();

int cid = location.getCid();

int lac = location.getLac();

通过上面的方法，可获得MCC、MNC、CID、LAC，对照Geolocation API Network Protocol，剩下不多的参数也可以获得，发起请求后根据响应内容即可得到地理位置信息。

请求（Request）的信息如下：

{"cell_towers":[{"mobile_network_code":"00","location_area_code":9733,

"mobile_country_code":"460","cell_id":17267},{"mobile_network_code":"00","location_area_code":9733,

"mobile_country_code":"460","cell_id":27852},{"mobile_network_code":"00","location_area_code":9733,

"mobile_country_code":"460","cell_id":27215},{"mobile_network_code":"00","location_area_code":9733,

"mobile_country_code":"460","cell_id":27198},{"mobile_network_code":"00","location_area_code":9484,

"mobile_country_code":"460","cell_id":27869},{"mobile_network_code":"00","location_area_code":9508,

"mobile_country_code":"460","cell_id":37297},{"mobile_network_code":"00","location_area_code":9733,

"mobile_country_code":"460","cell_id":27888}],

"host":"maps.google.com",

"version":"1.1.0"}

响应（Response）的信息如下：

{"location":{"latitude":23.12488,"longitude":113.271907,"accuracy":630.0},"access_token":"2:61tEAW-rONCT1_W-:JVpp2_jq5a0L-5JK"}

3.WIFI定位

其原理是首先收集每个WIFI无线接入点的位置，对每个无线路由器进行唯一的标识，在数据库中注明这些接入点的具体位置。 使用时，一旦发现有WI-FI接入点，则进入到数据中查看匹配的记录，进而得到位置信息。

WIFI定位主要取决于节点（node）的物理地址（mac address）。与提供TelephoneManager一样，Android也提供了获取WIFI信息的接口：WifiManager。

WifiManager wifiMan = (WifiManager) getSystemService(Context.WIFI_SERVICE);

WifiInfo info = wifiMan.getConnectionInfo();

String mac = info.getMacAddress();

String ssid = info.getSSID();

通过上面的方法，即可获得必要的请求参数。

发出的请求（Request）信息如下：

{"wifi_towers":[{"mac_address":"00:23:76:AC:41:5D","ssid":"Aspire-NETGEAR"}],"host":"maps.google.com","version":"1.1.0"}

响应（Response）的信息如下：

{"location":{"latitude":23.129075,"longitude":113.264423,"accuracy":140000.0},"access_token":"2:WRr36ynOz_d9mbw5:pRErDAmJXI8l76MU"}

---------以上简单介绍了android中获取位置的三种定位方式。实际开发中可利用android.location中的LocationManager类，该类封装了地理位置信息的接口，提供了GPS_PROVIDER和 NETWORK_PROVIDER。

如果开发的应用需要高精确性，那么可使用GPS_PROVIDER，但这也意味着应用无法在室内使用，待机时间缩短，响应时间稍长等问题；

如果开发的应用需要快速反应，对精度要求不怎么高，并且要尽可能节省电量，那么使用NETWORK_PROVIDER是不错的选择。

这里提一下，还有一个 PASSIVE_PROVIDER，在实际应用中较少使用。

1.如下代码就是设置从Network中获取位置：

LocationManager mLocMan = (LocationManager) getSystemService(Context.LOCATION_SERVICE);

mLocMan.requestLocationUpdates(LocationManager.NETWORK_PROVIDER,0,0, mLocLis);

需要对应的权限：android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION

2.如下代码就是设置从GPS获取位置：

LocationManager mLocMan = (LocationManager) getSystemService(Context.LOCATION_SERVICE);

mLocMan.requestLocationUpdates(LocationManager.GPS_PROVIDER,0,0, mLocLis);

需要对应的权限：android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION

如果代码里使用了两个 PROVIDER，则只需要一个权限即可：android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION。

以下是整个过程的代码：

public class DemoActivity extends Activity {

private static final String TAG = "DemoActivity";

@Override

public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {

super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

setContentView(R.layout.main);

}

public void onRequestLocation(View view) {

switch (view.getId()){

case R.id.gpsBtn:

Log.d(TAG, "GPS button is clicked");

requestGPSLocation();

break;

case R.id.telBtn:

Log.d(TAG, "CellID button is clicked");

requestTelLocation();

break;

case R.id.wifiBtn:

Log.d(TAG, "WI-FI button is clicked");

requestWIFILocation();

break;

case R.id.netBtn:

Log.d(TAG, "Network button is clicked");

requestNetworkLocation();

break;

}

}

private void requestTelLocation() {

TelephonyManager mTelMan = (TelephonyManager) getSystemService(Context.TELEPHONY_SERVICE);

// MCC+MNC. Unreliable on CDMA networks

String operator = mTelMan.getNetworkOperator();

String mcc = operator.substring(0, 3);

String mnc = operator.substring(3);

GsmCellLocation location = (GsmCellLocation) mTelMan.getCellLocation();

int cid = location.getCid();

int lac = location.getLac();

JSONObject tower = new JSONObject();

try {

tower.put("cell_id", cid);

tower.put("location_area_code", lac);

tower.put("mobile_country_code", mcc);

tower.put("mobile_network_code", mnc);

} catch (JSONException e) {

Log.e(TAG, "call JSONObject's put failed", e);

}

JSONArray array = new JSONArray();

array.put(tower);

List<NeighboringCellInfo> list = mTelMan.getNeighboringCellInfo();

Iterator<NeighboringCellInfo> iter = list.iterator();

NeighboringCellInfo cellInfo;

JSONObject tempTower;

while (iter.hasNext()) {

cellInfo = iter.next();

tempTower = new JSONObject();

try {

tempTower.put("cell_id", cellInfo.getCid());

tempTower.put("location_area_code", cellInfo.getLac());

tempTower.put("mobile_country_code", mcc);

tempTower.put("mobile_network_code", mnc);

} catch (JSONException e) {

Log.e(TAG, "call JSONObject's put failed", e);

}

array.put(tempTower);

}

JSONObject object = createJSONObject("cell_towers", array);

requestLocation(object);

}

private void requestWIFILocation() {

WifiManager wifiMan = (WifiManager) getSystemService(Context.WIFI_SERVICE);

WifiInfo info = wifiMan.getConnectionInfo();

String mac = info.getMacAddress();

String ssid = info.getSSID();

JSONObject wifi = new JSONObject();

try {

wifi.put("mac_address", mac);

wifi.put("ssid", ssid);

} catch (JSONException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

JSONArray array = new JSONArray();

array.put(wifi);

JSONObject object = createJSONObject("wifi_towers", array);

requestLocation(object);

}

private void requestLocation(JSONObject object) {

Log.d(TAG, "requestLocation: " + object.toString());

HttpClient client = new DefaultHttpClient();

HttpPost post = new HttpPost("http://www.google.com/loc/json");

try {

StringEntity entity = new StringEntity(object.toString());

post.setEntity(entity);

} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

try {

HttpResponse resp = client.execute(post);

HttpEntity entity = resp.getEntity();

BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(entity.getContent()));

StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer();

String result = br.readLine();

while (result != null) {

buffer.append(result);

result = br.readLine();

}

Log.d(TAG, buffer.toString());

} catch (ClientProtocolException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

} catch (IOException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

private JSONObject createJSONObject(String arrayName, JSONArray array) {

JSONObject object = new JSONObject();

try {

object.put("version", "1.1.0");

object.put("host", "maps.google.com");

object.put(arrayName, array);

} catch (JSONException e) {

Log.e(TAG, "call JSONObject's put failed", e);

}

return object;

}

private void requestGPSLocation() {

LocationManager mLocMan = (LocationManager) getSystemService(Context.LOCATION_SERVICE);

mLocMan.requestLocationUpdates(LocationManager.GPS_PROVIDER, 1000 * 60, 100, mLocLis);

}

private void requestNetworkLocation() {

LocationManager mLocMan = (LocationManager) getSystemService(Context.LOCATION_SERVICE);

mLocMan.requestLocationUpdates(LocationManager.NETWORK_PROVIDER, 1000 * 60, 100, mLocLis);

}

private LocationListener mLocLis = new LocationListener() {

@Override

public void onStatusChanged(String provider, int status, Bundle extras) {

Log.d(TAG, "onStatusChanged, provider = " + provider);

}

@Override

public void onProviderEnabled(String provider) {

Log.d(TAG, "onProviderEnabled, provider = " + provider);

}

@Override

public void onProviderDisabled(String provider) {

Log.d(TAG, "onProviderDisabled, provider = " + provider);

}

@Override

public void onLocationChanged(Location location) {

double latitude = location.getLatitude();

double longitude = location.getLongitude();

Log.d(TAG, "latitude: " + latitude + ", longitude: " + longitude);

}

};

}