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redhat 5.4 yum配置

2011-11-04 15:30 357 查看
安装的是redhat企业版linux,当然没有买他的服务,因此在安装完成之后需要修改yum.conf文件,

将更新原放在一些开放的网站上,下面的内容是来自网络,经过自己的测试。

rhel5系统安装的时候其实已经有yum了,只是因为如果用官方的网站更新的话除非你是用钱买的rhel5.否则它会提示注册之类的。所以只要把 yum的更新地址改成开源的就行了。而限定yum更新地址的文件在/etc/yum.repos.d/里。先把它们改成备份文件,即在后面加.bak。

[root@killgoogle ~]# mv /etc/yum.repos.d/rhel-debuginfo.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/rhel-debuginfo.repo.bak

[root@killgoogle ~]# mv /etc/yum.repos.d/rpmforge.repo.rpmnew /etc/yum.repos.d/rpmforge.repo.rpmnew.bak

建立新的配置文件:

[root@killgoogle ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d

[root@killgoogle ~]# touch rhel-debuginfo.repo

[root@killgoogle ~]# touch mirrors-rpmforge

[root@killgoogle ~]# touch rpmforge.repo

往新的配置文件写东西:

[root@killgoogle ~]#vi rhel-debuginfo.repo

[base]

name=CentOS-5 - Base

#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever5&arch=$basearch&

repo=os

#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/

baseurl=http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/5/os/$basearch/

gpgcheck=1

gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-centos5

#released updates

[update]

name=CentOS-5 - Updates

#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=4&arch=$basearch&repo=updates

baseurl=http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/5/updates/$basearch/

gpgcheck=1

gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-centos5

#packages used/produced in the build but not released

[addons]

name=CentOS-5 - Addons

#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=4&arch=$basearch&repo=addons

baseurl=http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/5/addons/$basearch/

gpgcheck=1

gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-centos5

#additional packages that may be useful

[extras]

name=CentOS-5 - Extras

#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=4&arch=$basearch&repo=extras

baseurl=http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/5/extras/$basearch/

gpgcheck=1

gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-centos5

#additional packages that extend functionality of existing packages

[centosplus]

name=CentOS-5 - Plus

#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=4&arch=$basearch&repo=centosplus

baseurl=http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/5/centosplus/$basearch/

gpgcheck=1

enabled=0

gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-centos5

#contrib - packages by Centos Users

[contrib]

name=CentOS-5 - Contrib

#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=4&arch=$basearch&repo=contrib

baseurl=http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/5/contrib/$basearch/

gpgcheck=1

enabled=0

gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-centos5

# vi dag.repo

[dag]

name=Dag RPM Repository for RHEL5

baseurl=http://ftp.riken.jp/Linux/dag/redhat/el5/en/$basearch/dag/

enabled=1

gpgcheck=1

gpgkey=http://ftp.riken.jp/Linux/dag/packages/RPM-GPG-KEY.dag.txt

修改第二个配置文件:

[root@killgoogle ~]vi mirrors-rpmforge

http://apt.sw.be/redhat/el5/en/$ARCH/dag

http://archive.cs.uu.nl/mirror/dag.wieers/redhat/el5/en/$ARCH/dag

http://ftp2.lcpe.uni-sofia.bg/freshrpms/pub/dag/redhat/el5/en/$ARCH/dag

#http://ftp.heanet.ie/pub/freshrpms/pub/dag/redhat/el5/en/$ARCH/dag

http://ftp-stud.fht-esslingen.de/dag/redhat/el5/en/$ARCH/dag

http://mirror.cpsc.ucalgary.ca/mirror/dag/redhat/el5/en/$ARCH/dag

http://mirrors.ircam.fr/pub/dag/redhat/el5/en/$ARCH/dag

http://rh-mirror.linux.iastate.edu/pub/dag/redhat/el5/en/$ARCH/dag

http://rpmfind.net/linux/dag/redhat/el5/en/$ARCH/dag

http://wftp.tu-chemnitz.de/pub/linux/dag/redhat/el5/en/$ARCH/dag

http://www.mirrorservice.org/sites/apt.sw.be/redhat/el5/en/$ARCH/dag

修改第三个配置文件:

[root@killgoogle ~]# vi rpmforge.repo

# Name: RPMforge RPM Repository for Red Hat Enterprise 5 - dag

# URL: http://rpmforge.net/

[rpmforge]

name = Red Hat Enterprise $releasever - RPMforge.net - dag

#baseurl = http://apt.sw.be/redhat/el5/en/$basearch/dag

mirrorlist = http://apt.sw.be/redhat/el5/en/mirrors-rpmforge

#mirrorlist = file:///etc/yum.repos.d/mirrors-rpmforge

enabled = 1

protect = 0

gpgkey = file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-rpmforge-dag

gpgcheck = 1

这里注意

vi /etc/yum.conf

加上这么一句:timeout=120
如果风速慢的话可以通过增加yum的超时时间,这样就不会总是因为超时而退出。

[root@killgoogle ~]vi /etc/yum.conf

加上这么一句:timeout=120

到这里配置差不多就完了。还有一个包需要安装:rpmforge-release-0.3.6-1.el5.rf.i386.rpm

如果不安装的话有可能会出现以下错误:GPG key retrieval failed: [Errno 5] OSError: [Errno 2] 没有那个文件或目录: '/etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-rpmforge-dag'

http://rpmfind.net/linux/RPM/找到这个包,然后

[root@killgoogle ~]rpm -ivh rpmforge-release-0.3.6-1.el5.rf.i386.rpm

#我这安装地址

#wget ftp://rpmfind.net/linux/dag/redhat/el5/en/i386/dag/RPMS/rpmforge-release-0.3.6-1.el5.rf.i386.rpm
接下来就是输入KEY了。

[root@killgoogle ~]
rpm --import http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5

这样基本上yum就可以用了。不过如果觉得不爽的话还可以优化:

加速yum

[root@killgoogle ~]yum install yum-fastestmirror yum-presto

指定或去掉软件源的mirror:

可以在baseurl中将比较慢的mirror去掉

你的yum镜像的速度测试记录文件:

/var/cache/yum/timedhosts.txt

yum Existing lock 错误的解决办法

如果系统启动的时候, yum 出现Existing lock /var/run/yum.pid: another copy is running as pid 3380. Aborting. 可以用下面的办法解决:

[root@killgoogle ~]/etc/init.d/yum-updatesd stop

也可以用以下方法:

[root@killgoogle ~]rm -f /var/run/yum.pid

主要原因就是yum在自动更新只要关掉它就可以了
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