在Linux下安装Tomcat 5.5

1. 下载最新版的tomcat5.5 2. 解压缩到/opt/下，并创建软链接/opt/tomcat -> /opt/apache-tomcat-5.5.31/ 3. 修改/opt/tomcat/bin下的catalina.sh文件，在开始部分追加以下内容

export LANG=zh_CN.GB18030
export LC_ALL=zh_CN.GB18030
JAVA_OPTS="-server -Xms512m -Xmx1024m -XX:PermSize=128M -XX:MaxNewSize=256m -XX:MaxPermSize=256m"
CATALINA_PID=/var/run/tomcat.pid

4. 修改shutdown.sh，增加-force选项 这样可以保证shutdown.sh 更快，更有效的执行 即将exec "$PRGDIR"/"$EXECUTABLE" stop "$@"修改为exec "$PRGDIR"/"$EXECUTABLE" stop -force "$@"5. 编写/etc/init.d/tomcat文件 一个典型的tomcat文件为

#!/bin/sh
# chkconfig: - 10 90
# description: Starts and Stops the Tomcat daemon.
# processname: jsvc
# pidfile: /var/run/jsvc.pid
# config:
#
# Source function library
. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
#
##############################################################################
#
# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
# contributor license agreements.See the NOTICE file distributed with
# this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
# The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
# (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
# the License.You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 #
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.
##############################################################################
#
# Small shell script to show how to start/stop Tomcat using jsvc
# If you want to have Tomcat running on port 80 please modify the server.xml
# file:
#
#<!-- Define a non-SSL HTTP/1.1 Connector on port 80 -->
#<connector classname="org.apache.catalina.connector.http.HttpConnector" #="" port="80" minprocessors="5" maxprocessors="75" enablelookups="true" redirectport="8443" acceptcount="10" debug="0" connectiontimeout="60000">
#
# That is for Tomcat-5.0.x (Apache Tomcat/5.0)
#
# Adapt the following lines to your configuration
JAVA_HOME=/opt/jre
#JAVA_HOME=/opt/jdk
CATALINA_HOME=/opt/tomcat
DAEMON_HOME=$CATALINA_HOME
TOMCAT_USER=tomcat

# for multi instances adapt those lines.
TMP_DIR=/var/tmp
PID_FILE=/var/run/jsvc.pid
CATALINA_BASE=$CATALINA_HOME

JAVA_OPTS="-server -Xms256m -Xmx512m -XX:PermSize=128M -XX:MaxNewSize=256m -XX:MaxPermSize=256m"
#CATALINA_OPTS="-Djava.library.path=/home/jfclere/jakarta-tomcat-connectors/jni/native/.libs"
CLASSPATH=\
$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar:\
$CATALINA_HOME/bin/commons-daemon.jar:\
$CATALINA_HOME/bin/bootstrap.jar

start(){
echo -n starting tomcat...
$DAEMON_HOME/bin/jsvc \
-user $TOMCAT_USER \
-home $JAVA_HOME \
-Dcatalina.home=$CATALINA_HOME \
-Dcatalina.base=$CATALINA_BASE \
-Djava.io.tmpdir=$TMP_DIR \
-wait 10 \
-pidfile $PID_FILE \
-outfile $CATALINA_HOME/logs/catalina.out \
-errfile '&1' \
$JAVA_OPTS \
$CATALINA_OPTS \
-cp $CLASSPATH \
org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap
[ "$?" -eq 0 ] && success $"startup" || failure $"startup"
echo
}

stop(){
echo -n stopping tomcat...
$DAEMON_HOME/bin/jsvc \
-stop \
-pidfile $PID_FILE \
org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap
[ "$?" -eq 0 ] && success $"shutdown" || failure $"shutdown"
echo
}

status(){
ps ax --width=1000 | grep "[o]rg.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap" | awk '{printf $1 " "}' | wc | awk '{printf $2}' >/tmp/tomcat_process_count.txt
read line < /tmp/tomcat_process_count.txt
if [ $line -gt 0 ]; then
echo -n "tomcat ( pid "
ps ax --width=1000 | grep "[o]rg.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap" | awk '{printf $1 " "}'
echo ") is running..."
else
echo "tomcat is stopped"
fi
}

case "$1" in
start)
start
exit $?
;;
stop)
stop
exit $?
;;
restart)
stop
sleep 3
start
exit $?
;;
status)
status
exit $?
;;
*)
echo "Usage: tomcat {start|stop|restart|status}"
exit 1
;;
esac

exit $?

6. 将tomcat加入到系统自动启动中

chkconfig --add tomcat --level 345

7. 下载tomcat的管理工具（Administration Web Application） http://tomcat.apache.org/download-55.cgi 配置admin及manager应用的IP地址限制（只允许办公室及内网可以访问） 在 /opt/tomcat/server/webapps/admin/admin.xml 及 /opt/tomcat/server/webapps/manager/manager.xml中的<Context标签中，

配置帐号/opt/tomcat/conf/tomcat-users.xml

8. 可选项：将tomcat设置为非root帐号启动 （注意，须将一些目录设置为tomcat帐号可写，或者指定属于tomcat帐号的目录）,参考http://linux-sxs.org/internet_serving/c140.html