Linux Filesystem Hierarchy 之 /boot

1.4. /boot

This directory contains everything required for the boot process except for configuration files not needed at boot time (the most notable of those being those that belong to the GRUB boot-loader) and the map installer. Thus, the /boot directory stores data
that is used before the kernel begins executing user-mode programs. This may include redundant (back-up) master boot records, sector/system map files, the kernel and other important boot files and data that is not directly edited by hand. Programs necessary
to arrange for the boot loader to be able to boot a file are placed in /sbin. Configuration files for boot loaders are placed in /etc. The system kernel is located in either / or /boot (or as under Debian in /boot but is actually a symbolically linked at /
in accordance with the FSSTND).

除了启动时用不到的配置文件(其中最值得关注的是属于GRUB boot-loader的那些配置文件)和map installer之外， /boot目录包含启动过程所需要的所有。因此，/boot目录会存储在kernel开始执行用户模式程序之前用到的数据。数据中可能包含冗余的(备份)master boot records(MBR ?)，扇区/系统 map文件，kernel，和其他重要的启动文件，以及不是直接手动编辑的数据。为了boot loader能够启动某个文件，有必要安排的程序放在
/sbin中。Boot loader的配置文件放在了 /etc中。系统kernel放在 / 或者 /boot中（在Debian中，是处于 /boot中，但它其实是一个到 /(根据FSSTND) 的符号链接。）



/boot/boot.0300

Backup master boot record.

备份MBR



/boot/boot.b

This is installed as the basic boot sector. In the case of most modern distributions it is actually a symbolic link to one of four files /boot/boot-bmp.b, /boot/boot-menu.b, /boot/boot-text.b, /boot/boot-compat.b which allow a user to change the boot-up
schema so that it utilises a splash screen, a simple menu, a text based interface or a minimal boot loader to ensure compatibility respectively. In each case re-installation of lilo is necessary in order to complete the changes. To change the actual 'boot-logo'
you can either use utilities such as fblogo or the more refined Bootsplash.

/boot/boot.b是作为基本的启动扇区进行安装的。在大部分的现代distributions中，它实际上是一个符号链接，指向4个文件 /boot/boot-bmp.b，/boot/boot-menu.b，/boot/boot-text.b，/boot/boot-compat.b中的一个，而这4个文件允许用户改变boot-up schema，以便它使用 splash screen，一个简单的menu，一个基于文本的接口或者一个最小化的boot loader，以确保各自的兼容性。在每一个情况中，为了完成做出的修改，重新安装lilo是很必要的。为了改变实际的启动logo
'boot-logo'，可以使用fblogo，或者Bootsplash。



/boot/chain.b

Used to boot non-Linux operating systems.

用于启动非Linux的操作系统



/boot/config-kernel-version

Installed kernel configuration. This file is most useful when compiling kernels on other systems or device modules. Below is a small sample of what the contents of the file looks like.

安装的kernel的配置。当为其他的系统或者设备模块编译kernels的时候，该文件是最有用的。下面是一个小的样本，文件的内容看起来是什么样的。



CONFIG_X86=y

CONFIG_MICROCODE=m

CONFIG_X86_MSR=m

CONFIG_MATH_EMULATION=y

CONFIG_MTRR=y

CONFIG_MODULES=y

CONFIG_MODVERSIONS=y

CONFIG_SCSI_DEBUG=m

CONFIG_I2O=m

CONFIG_ARCNET_ETH=y

CONFIG_FMV18X=m

CONFIG_HPLAN_PLUS=m

CONFIG_ETH16I=m

CONFIG_NE2000=m

CONFIG_HISAX_HFC_PCI=y

CONFIG_ISDN_DRV_***MB1_C4=m

CONFIG_USB_RIO500=m

CONFIG_QUOTA=y

CONFIG_AUTOFS_FS=m

CONFIG_ADFS_FS=m

CONFIG_AFFS_FS=m

CONFIG_HFS_FS=m

CONFIG_FAT_FS=y

CONFIG_MSDOS_FS=y

CONFIG_UMSDOS_FS=m

CONFIG_FBCON_VGA=m

CONFIG_FONT_8x8=y

CONFIG_FONT_8x16=y

CONFIG_SOUND=m

CONFIG_SOUND_CMPCI=m

CONFIG_AEDSP16=m

As you can see, it's rather simplistic. The line begins with the configuration option and whether it's configured as part of the kernel, as a module or not at all. Lines beginning with a # symbol are comments and are not interpreted during processing.

正如你看到的那样，相当的简单。每一行以配置选项开始，是否配置成了kernel的一部分，还是作为一个模块module，或者都不是。以符号#开始的行，表示注释，不会在处理的过程中解释它。



/boot/os2_d.b

Used to boot to the 0S/2 operating system.

用来启动OS/2操作系统。



/boot/map

Contains the location of the kernel.

包含kernel所在的位置

/boot/vmlinuz, /boot/vmlinuz-kernel-version

Normally the kernel or symbolic link to the kernel.

正常来讲，是kernel，或者kernel的符号链接

/boot/grub

This subdirectory contains the GRUB configuration files including boot-up images and sounds. GRUB is the GNU GRand Unified Bootloader, a project which intends to solve all bootup problems once and for all. One of the most interesting features, is that you
don't have to install a new partition or kernel, you can change all parameters at boot time via the GRUB Console, since it knows about the filesystems.

该子目录包含具有启动时图片和声音的GRUB配置文件。GRUB是GNU GRand Unified Bootloader，它是一个项目，意图是只用一次为所有人解决所有的启动问题。最有趣的特性之一是，你不需要安装新的分区或者kernel，通过GRUB控制台你可以在启动时修改所有的参数，因为它知道文件系统的事情。

/boot/grub/device.map

Maps devices in /dev to those used by grub. For example, (/dev/fd0) is represented by /dev/fd0 and (hd0, 4) is referenced by /dev/hda5.

将/dev中的设备映射到grub所使用的设备上。例如，(/dev/fd0)是以/dev/fd0来表示的，（hd0,4）是以/dev/hda5来表示的。

/boot/grub/grub.conf, /boot/grub/menu.lst

Grub configuration file.

GRUB配置文件

/boot/grub/messages

Grub boot-up welcome message.

Grub 启动时欢迎信息

/boot/grub/splash.xpm.gz

Grub boot-up background image.

Grub启动时背景图片