RIP(Routing Information Protocol)精析03

主类边界概念：





当路由由左向右传递的时候，经过200，默认172是/16的，比较前16位。如果相同则在同一主类，不相同则认为穿越了主类边界。执行汇总

不连续子网：




不连续子网：一个主类网络的两个连续子网被另一个网络分隔开

RIP第二地址解决V1错误负载均衡
实验拓扑：同一主类，不同子网




使用RIPV1进程。因为RIPV1跨主类边界会自动汇总，看下R1的路由表
R 1.0.0.0/8 [120/1] via 13.0.0.3, 00:00:19, FastEthernet0/0
[120/1] via 12.0.0.2, 00:00:01, FastEthernet1/0
12.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C 12.0.0.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/0
13.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C 13.0.0.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
负载均衡 这样的路由是有问题的，如果我们配置第二地址，让第二地址和R2，R3的loopback在同一主类，R2，R3会认为loopback口没有跨越主类边界，就不会汇总
R1(config-if)#int f0/0
R1(config-if)#ip address 1.13.1.1 255.255.255.0 sec
R1(config-if)#int f1/0
R1(config-if)#ip address 1.12.1.1 255.255.255.0 sec

R2(config)#int f1/0
R2(config-if)#ip address 1.12.1.2 255.255.255.0 sec

R3(config)#int f0/0
R3(config-if)#ip address 1.13.1.3 255.255.255.0 sec

再看下R1的路由表
Gateway of last resort is not set

1.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 6 subnets, 2 masks
R 1.0.0.0/24 [120/1] via 13.0.0.3, 00:00:11, FastEthernet0/0
[120/1] via 12.0.0.2, 00:00:26, FastEthernet1/0
R 1.0.0.0/8 [120/1] via 12.0.0.2, 00:02:18, FastEthernet1/0
[120/1] via 13.0.0.3, 00:02:23, FastEthernet0/0
C 1.12.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/0
C 1.13.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
R 1.20.2.0/24 [120/1] via 1.12.1.2, 00:00:26, FastEthernet1/0
R 1.30.3.0/24 [120/1] via 1.13.1.3, 00:00:11, FastEthernet0/0

水平分割
R1和R2，R3建立邻居关系，R3要想将路由传给R2，在R1上关闭水平分割，观察现象：
接口下no ip slip




RIP三种版本的区别:





分别看下R1 R3的路由表
R1：
Gateway of last resort is not set

1.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C 1.1.1.1 is directly connected, Loopback0
12.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C 12.0.0.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0

R3：
R 1.0.0.0/8 [120/2] via 23.0.0.2, 00:00:14, FastEthernet1/0
3.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C 3.3.3.3 is directly connected, Loopback0
23.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C 23.0.0.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/0
R 12.0.0.0/8 [120/1] via 23.0.0.2, 00:00:18, FastEthernet1/0
R1上没有任何通过RIP学来的路由，R3上有R1环回口路由和12网段的路由。这是怎么回的事啊？
默认 V1 V2
发 v1 v1 v2
收 v1v2 v1 v2
版本调试命令：
R1(config-if)#ip rip receive version ?
R1(config-if)#ip rip send version ?

RIP的触发更新：
注意和RIP防环机制的触发更新区分开，不是一个概念，前者用来防环，默认执行。此讲触发更新是抑制组播更新，只在拓扑发生变化的时候发送更新消息




interface Serial1/0
ip address 12.0.0.1 255.255.255.0
ip rip triggered
serial restart-delay 0




在触发更新面前，计时器形同虚设了。
看下R2的路由表

Gateway of last resort is not set

1.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
R 1.1.1.1 [120/1] via 12.0.0.1, 00:00:57, Serial1/0
翻动一下R1的loopback
1.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
R 1.1.1.1 [120/1] via 12.0.0.1, 00:00:03, Serial1/0

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