sqlite3的sql语句用法总结与SQLite生成.db-journal文件问题

这几天遇到了一个问题就是在insert以及update数据的时候，总是生成一个.db-journal文件，重新启动程序后，该文件消失，前面添加修改的数据没有成功保存。关于如何解决这个问题，网上也没有人给出详细答案，但经过几天的分析，试验，最后成功了。不知道对所有出现的这个问题都能应付的过来，解决的方法很简单，如下：
程序中使用了
sqlite3_stmt *stmt;
然后通过rc = sqlite3_prepare(db, sql, strlen(sql), &stmt, &tail);将sql语句解析到stmt中，然后对数据库操作完成之后，没有释放stmt，当我调用sqlite3_finalize(stmt);将stmt释放之后，上面的问题不在出现了。
对此sqlite中还有一对匹配的用法。如下：
sqlite3_get_table( db , sql , &azResult , &nrow , &ncolumn , &zErrMsg );
sqlite3_free_table( azResult );

下面是一些sql语句的用法。
sprintf(sql, "INSERT INTO \"Phonebook\" VALUES((select min(ID)-1 from Phonebook where ID>1 and ID-1 not in (select ID from Phonebook)), \'%s\', \'%s\');",
p->list[1], p->list[2]);

char sql1[100];

sprintf(sql1, "select * from Phonebook where Username like \'%s%%\'order by Username;", buffer);
上面是关于like匹配的用法，Username like '王%' 以及 Username like '王_' ,%用来匹配任意字符，_用来匹配一个字符。而且还要注意的是，c语言中
%的转义方式是%%，而不是\% 。

上面一句话是从csdn上问的结果，插入的数据，是按照ID号从小的开始插入。也就是将中间的空缺补上。
#include <stdio.h>

#include <stdlib.h>

#include "sqlite3.h"

#define _DEBUG_
int main( void )

{

sqlite3 *db=NULL;

char *zErrMsg = 0;
int rc;
///open(create) database

rc = sqlite3_open("phonebook.db", &db);

if( rc )

{

fprintf(stderr, "Can't open database: %s\n", sqlite3_errmsg(db));

sqlite3_close(db);

return 0;

}

else printf("You have opened a sqlite3 database named zieckey.db successfully!\nCongratulations! Have fun ! ^-^ \n");
///create table

char *sql = " CREATE TABLE Call_Record(\

Status CHAR(10),\

Username VARCHAR(20),\

Phonenubmer VARCHAR(20),\

Time timestamp,\

PRIMARY KEY (Status, Username)\

);" ;
//上面一句用来定义两个主键

sqlite3_exec( db , sql , 0 , 0 , &zErrMsg );
///create table2

sql = " CREATE TABLE Phonebook(\

Username VARCHAR(20) PRIMARY KEY,\

Phonenubmer VARCHAR(20)\

);" ;

sqlite3_exec( db , sql , 0 , 0 , &zErrMsg );

///insert database

sql = "INSERT INTO \"Call_Record\" VALUES('missed', 'Tom', '15908079860',datetime('now','localtime'));" ;

sqlite3_exec( db , sql , 0 , 0 , &zErrMsg );
sql = "INSERT INTO \"Call_Record\" VALUES('answered', 'Jack', '15908079861',datetime('now','localtime'));" ;

sqlite3_exec( db , sql , 0 , 0 , &zErrMsg );
sql = "INSERT INTO \"Call_Record\" VALUES('dialed','Merry', '15908079863',datetime('now','localtime'));" ;

sqlite3_exec( db , sql , 0 , 0 , &zErrMsg );
sql = "INSERT INTO \"Call_Record\" VALUES('dialed', 'Zjf', '15908079864',datetime('now','localtime'));" ;

sqlite3_exec( db , sql , 0 , 0 , &zErrMsg );
sql = "INSERT INTO \"Call_Record\" VALUES('dialed', 'Qcx', '15908079865',datetime('now','localtime'));" ;

sqlite3_exec( db , sql , 0 , 0 , &zErrMsg );
sql = "INSERT INTO \"Call_Record\" VALUES('dialed', 'MM', '15908079866',datetime('now','localtime'));" ;

sqlite3_exec( db , sql , 0 , 0 , &zErrMsg );
sql = "INSERT INTO \"Call_Record\" VALUES('answered', 'JJ', '15908079867',datetime('now','localtime'));" ;

sqlite3_exec( db , sql , 0 , 0 , &zErrMsg );
sql = "INSERT INTO \"Call_Record\" VALUES('answered', 'GG', '15908079868',datetime('now','localtime'));" ;

sqlite3_exec( db , sql , 0 , 0 , &zErrMsg );
sql = "INSERT INTO \"Call_Record\" VALUES('answered', 'DD', '15908079869',datetime('now','localtime'));" ;

sqlite3_exec( db , sql , 0 , 0 , &zErrMsg );
sql = "INSERT INTO \"Call_Record\" VALUES('answered', 'Father', '15908079870',datetime('now','localtime'));" ;

sqlite3_exec( db , sql , 0 , 0 , &zErrMsg );
sql = "INSERT INTO \"Call_Record\" VALUES('missed', 'Mather', '15908079871',datetime('now','localtime'));" ;

sqlite3_exec( db , sql , 0 , 0 , &zErrMsg );
///insert database table two

sql = "INSERT INTO \"Phonebook\" VALUES('Tom', '15908079860');" ;

sqlite3_exec( db , sql , 0 , 0 , &zErrMsg );
sql = "INSERT INTO \"Phonebook\" VALUES('Jack', '15908079861');" ;

sqlite3_exec( db , sql , 0 , 0 , &zErrMsg );
sql = "INSERT INTO \"Phonebook\" VALUES('Merry', '15908079863');" ;

sqlite3_exec( db , sql , 0 , 0 , &zErrMsg );
sql = "INSERT INTO \"Phonebook\" VALUES('Zjf', '15908079864');" ;

sqlite3_exec( db , sql , 0 , 0 , &zErrMsg );
sql = "INSERT INTO \"Phonebook\" VALUES('Qcx', '15908079865');" ;

sqlite3_exec( db , sql , 0 , 0 , &zErrMsg );
sql = "INSERT INTO \"Phonebook\" VALUES('MM', '15908079866');" ;

sqlite3_exec( db , sql , 0 , 0 , &zErrMsg );
sql = "INSERT INTO \"Phonebook\" VALUES('JJ', '15908079867');" ;

sqlite3_exec( db , sql , 0 , 0 , &zErrMsg );
sql = "INSERT INTO \"Phonebook\" VALUES('GG', '15908079868');" ;

sqlite3_exec( db , sql , 0 , 0 , &zErrMsg );
sql = "INSERT INTO \"Phonebook\" VALUES('DD', '15908079869');" ;

sqlite3_exec( db , sql , 0 , 0 , &zErrMsg );
sql = "INSERT INTO \"Phonebook\" VALUES('Father', '15908079870');" ;

sqlite3_exec( db , sql , 0 , 0 , &zErrMsg );
sql = "INSERT INTO \"Phonebook\" VALUES('Mather', '15908079871');" ;

sqlite3_exec( db , sql , 0 , 0 , &zErrMsg );
int nrow = 0, ncolumn = 0;

char **azResult;
///select database

sql = "SELECT * FROM Call_Record ";
//sql = "select * from Phonebook order by Username"; //默认为升序asc
//sql = "select * from Phonebook order by Username desc"; //降序
//sql = "select * from Phonebook order by (case Username when \"\" then \'zzzzz\' else Username end);";
//sql = "select * from Phonebook order by (case Username when null then \'zzzzz\' else Username end);";
//上面一句是处理空值情况(null 与"")，sqlserver默认空值为最小，使用case可以改变它查询的值。

sqlite3_get_table( db , sql , &azResult , &nrow , &ncolumn , &zErrMsg );

int i = 0 ;

printf( "row:%d column=%d \n" , nrow , ncolumn );

printf( "\nThe result of querying is : \n" );

for( i=0 ; i<( nrow + 1 ) * ncolumn ; i++ )

printf( "azResult[%d] = %s\n", i , azResult[i] );
///select database

sql = "SELECT * FROM Phonebook ";

sqlite3_get_table( db , sql , &azResult , &nrow , &ncolumn , &zErrMsg );

printf( "row:%d column=%d \n" , nrow , ncolumn );

printf( "\nThe result of querying is : \n" );

for( i=0 ; i<( nrow + 1 ) * ncolumn ; i++ )

printf( "azResult[%d] = %s\n", i , azResult[i] );

/*

///delete database

sql = "DELETE FROM Call_Record WHERE Username = \'GG\' ;" ;

sqlite3_exec( db , sql , 0 , 0 , &zErrMsg );
///update database

char sql1[100];

sprintf(sql1,"UPDATE Call_Record SET Phonenubmer = \'%s\' WHERE Username = \'%s\'", "10111", "MM");

sqlite3_exec( db , sql1 , 0 , 0 , &zErrMsg );

*/

///select database desc (jiangxupailie)

///if no desc is default(asc)

sql = "SELECT * FROM Call_Record order by Username desc";

sqlite3_get_table( db , sql , &azResult , &nrow , &ncolumn , &zErrMsg );

printf( "\n\n\n\nrow:%d column=%d " , nrow , ncolumn );

printf( "\nAfter deleting , the result of querying is : \n" );

for( i=0 ; i<( nrow + 1 ) * ncolumn ; i++ )

printf( "azResult[%d] = %s\n", i , azResult[i] );

///free azResult

sqlite3_free_table( azResult );
///close db

sqlite3_close(db);

return 0;
}
另外一种查询获取列值的方法：
int i, j, rc, ncols;

char *sql;

char *tail;

char buff[100];

sqlite3_stmt *stmt;
///about dababase select

sql = "select * from Phonebook order by (case Username when \"\" then \'zzzzz\' else Username end);";

rc = sqlite3_prepare(db, sql, strlen(sql), &stmt, &tail);

if (rc !=SQLITE_OK)

{

break;

}

rc = sqlite3_step(stmt); //取得数据表中一行的数据

ncols = sqlite3_column_count(stmt); //获取数据表有多少列

while(rc==SQLITE_ROW) {

for (j = 0; j < ncols; j++){

sprintf(buff,"%s",sqlite3_column_text(stmt, j)); //获取一行中每一列的数据

printf("%s\n",buff);

}

rc= sqlite3_step(stmt); //获取下一行数据

}
sqlite3_finalize(stmt);

http://hi.baidu.com/arise_xue/blog/item/56ec30ef9c28fde4cf1b3e9c.html/cmtid/56ec30ef244855e1cf1b3eff