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参照WPF实现Silverlight中的多值绑定特性

2011-09-24 18:31 323 查看

前言

数据绑定在WPF和Silvelright开发中的作用不言而喻,无处不在的绑定,节省了大量的代码,也实现了很多之前用代码都无法实现的特性。

下面有很多参考的文章

http://zzk.cnblogs.com/so.aspx?w=silverlight+databinding&t=

http://zzk.cnblogs.com/so.aspx?w=wpf+databinding&t=

我们之前熟知的绑定,有单向绑定,双向绑定等等。今天要讲一下多值绑定的问题,也就是说,如何给一个属性的值绑定多个数据源。

这个特性,在WPF中是内置的,而Silverlight中则没有提供直接的支持。本文提供了一个对照,并且给出了在Silverlight中的一个替代方案,实际上与WPF使用很类似了。

WPF中的实现

我们首先来看一下常规的绑定

<Window
x:Class="WpfApplicationSample.MainWindow"
xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
Title="MainWindow"
Height="350"
Width="525">
<Grid>
<!--WPF 单值绑定-->
<TextBlock
Text="{Binding Title}"></TextBlock>

</Grid>
</Window>

这个很简单,我们几乎不需要做任何解释

接下来看一下WPF中如何进行多值绑定

<Window
x:Class="WpfApplicationSample.MainWindow"
xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
Title="MainWindow"
Height="350"
Width="525">
<Grid>
<!--WPF 单值绑定-->
<TextBlock
Text="{Binding Title}"></TextBlock>

<!--WPF 多值绑定,结合StringFormat-->
<TextBlock>
<TextBlock.Text>
<MultiBinding
StringFormat=" {0}-{1}">
<Binding
Path="Title"></Binding>
<Binding
Path="Time"></Binding>
</MultiBinding>
</TextBlock.Text>

</TextBlock>
</Grid>
</Window>


.csharpcode, .csharpcode pre
{
font-size: small;
color: black;
font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace;
background-color: #ffffff;
/*white-space: pre;*/
}
.csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; }
.csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; }
.csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; }
.csharpcode .str { color: #006080; }
.csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; }
.csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; }
.csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; }
.csharpcode .html { color: #800000; }
.csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; }
.csharpcode .alt
{
background-color: #f4f4f4;
width: 100%;
margin: 0em;
}
.csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; }

这是第一种多值绑定方式,可以直接通过StringFormat格式化多个值,并最终显示在TextBlock中。这种做法,在很多时候,都够用了。

但是,在某些时候,我们可能需要对这些多个值做复杂的处理,光用StringFormat满足不了要求,怎么办呢?

是的,我们会联想到使用ValueConverter。在System.Windows.Data这个命名空间中,我们以前用过一个IValueConverter的接口对吧,那是针对单值绑定的。关于这个接口,更多信息,可以参考 http://msdn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/library/system.windows.data.ivalueconverter.aspx

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Windows.Data;

namespace WpfApplicationSample
{
/// <summary>
/// WPF单值绑定转换器
/// 作者:陈希章
/// </summary>
public class TitleConverter:IValueConverter
{
#region IValueConverter Members

public object Convert(object value, Type targetType, object parameter, System.Globalization.CultureInfo culture)
{
//这里实现具体逻辑
throw new NotImplementedException();
}

public object ConvertBack(object value, Type targetType, object parameter, System.Globalization.CultureInfo culture)
{
//这里实现具体逻辑
throw new NotImplementedException();
}

#endregion
}
}

.csharpcode, .csharpcode pre
{
font-size: small;
color: black;
font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace;
background-color: #ffffff;
/*white-space: pre;*/
}
.csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; }
.csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; }
.csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; }
.csharpcode .str { color: #006080; }
.csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; }
.csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; }
.csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; }
.csharpcode .html { color: #800000; }
.csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; }
.csharpcode .alt
{
background-color: #f4f4f4;
width: 100%;
margin: 0em;
}
.csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; }

既然是这个思路,那么有没有多值转换器呢?答案是有的。请参考

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Windows.Data;

namespace WpfApplicationSample
{
/// <summary>
/// WPF单值绑定转换器
/// 作者:陈希章
/// </summary>
class MultiValueConverterSample:IMultiValueConverter
{
#region IMultiValueConverter Members

public object Convert(object[] values, Type targetType, object parameter, System.Globalization.CultureInfo culture)
{
//这里实现具体逻辑,请注意第一个参数是一个数组,可以传递多个值
throw new NotImplementedException();
}

public object[] ConvertBack(object value, Type[] targetTypes, object parameter, System.Globalization.CultureInfo culture)
{
throw new NotImplementedException();
}

#endregion
}
}

.csharpcode, .csharpcode pre
{
font-size: small;
color: black;
font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace;
background-color: #ffffff;
/*white-space: pre;*/
}
.csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; }
.csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; }
.csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; }
.csharpcode .str { color: #006080; }
.csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; }
.csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; }
.csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; }
.csharpcode .html { color: #800000; }
.csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; }
.csharpcode .alt
{
background-color: #f4f4f4;
width: 100%;
margin: 0em;
}
.csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; }

那么,如何在XAML中使用这个转换器呢?其实和单值转换器是一样的,请参考下面的语法

<Window
x:Class="WpfApplicationSample.MainWindow"
xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
Title="MainWindow"
Height="350"
Width="525"
xmlns:local="clr-namespace:WpfApplicationSample">

<Window.Resources>
<local:MultiValueConverterSample
x:Key="cv"></local:MultiValueConverterSample>
</Window.Resources>
<Grid>
<!--WPF 单值绑定-->
<TextBlock
Text="{Binding Title}"></TextBlock>

<!--WPF 多值绑定,结合StringFormat-->
<TextBlock>
<TextBlock.Text>
<MultiBinding
StringFormat=" {0}-{1}">
<Binding
Path="Title"></Binding>
<Binding
Path="Time"></Binding>
</MultiBinding>
</TextBlock.Text>

</TextBlock>

<!--WPF 多值绑定,结合Converter-->

<TextBlock>
<TextBlock.Text>
<MultiBinding
Converter="{StaticResource cv}">
<Binding
Path="Title"></Binding>
<Binding
Path="Time"></Binding>
</MultiBinding>
</TextBlock.Text>
</TextBlock>

</Grid>
</Window>

.csharpcode, .csharpcode pre
{
font-size: small;
color: black;
font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace;
background-color: #ffffff;
/*white-space: pre;*/
}
.csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; }
.csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; }
.csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; }
.csharpcode .str { color: #006080; }
.csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; }
.csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; }
.csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; }
.csharpcode .html { color: #800000; }
.csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; }
.csharpcode .alt
{
background-color: #f4f4f4;
width: 100%;
margin: 0em;
}
.csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; }

看起来很好理解,对吧?这是WPF中为我们默认就提供的功能,确实很方便。

但是,这个特性(多值绑定)却没有在Silverlight中实现。

如何在Silverlight中实现类似的功能

为了在Silverlight中实现类似的功能,不少先进同学前仆后继,做出了不懈的努力。我看到过一个比较好的实现是下面这个scott同学提供的,请参考英文博客

http://www.scottlogic.co.uk/blog/colin/2010/05/silverlight-multibinding-solution-for-silverlight-4/

我在这个基础上做了一些改动和完善,并且将它封装到了之前提供的WPFSilverlightExtension中,以便大家更好地使用

【备注】这个Extension包,我会不断更新,将可用于Silverlight或者WPF中的一些扩展功能添加进去。目前包含的两个功能是

1.GridHelper (给Grid添加边框,适用于WPF和Silverlight)

2.Multiple Binding(多值绑定-仅Silverlight,在1.4版本中提供)

添加这个扩展之后,你可以通过下面的方式使用它

<UserControl x:Class="SilverlightApplicationSample.MainPage"
xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
mc:Ignorable="d"
d:DesignHeight="300" d:DesignWidth="400"
xmlns:data="clr-namespace:System.Windows.Data;assembly=SilverlightExtension">

<Grid x:Name="LayoutRoot" Background="White">
<TextBlock>
<data:BindingUtil.MultiBindings>
<data:MultiBindings>
<data:MultiBinding
TargetProperty="Text"
StringFormat=" {0}-{1}">
<data:MultiBinding.Bindings>
<data:BindingCollection>
<Binding
Path="Id"></Binding>
<Binding
Path="Time"></Binding>
</data:BindingCollection>
</data:MultiBinding.Bindings>
</data:MultiBinding>
</data:MultiBindings>
</data:BindingUtil.MultiBindings>
</TextBlock>
</Grid>
</UserControl>

.csharpcode, .csharpcode pre
{
font-size: small;
color: black;
font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace;
background-color: #ffffff;
/*white-space: pre;*/
}
.csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; }
.csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; }
.csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; }
.csharpcode .str { color: #006080; }
.csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; }
.csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; }
.csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; }
.csharpcode .html { color: #800000; }
.csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; }
.csharpcode .alt
{
background-color: #f4f4f4;
width: 100%;
margin: 0em;
}
.csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; }

你也可以同样定义一个多值转换器

using System;
using System.Net;
using System.Windows;
using System.Windows.Controls;
using System.Windows.Documents;
using System.Windows.Ink;
using System.Windows.Input;
using System.Windows.Media;
using System.Windows.Media.Animation;
using System.Windows.Shapes;

using System.Windows.Data;

namespace SilverlightApplicationSample
{
public class MultiValueConverterSample:IMultiValueConverter
{

#region IMultiValueConverter Members

public object Convert(object[] values, Type targetType, object parameter, System.Globalization.CultureInfo culture)
{
return string.Format("{0}-{1}", values);
}

public object[] ConvertBack(object value, Type[] targetTypes, object parameter, System.Globalization.CultureInfo culture)
{
throw new NotImplementedException();
}

#endregion
}
}


然后,像下面这样使用它

<UserControl
x:Class="SilverlightApplicationSample.MainPage"
xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
mc:Ignorable="d"
d:DesignHeight="300"
d:DesignWidth="400"
xmlns:data="clr-namespace:System.Windows.Data;assembly=SilverlightExtension"
xmlns:local="clr-namespace:SilverlightApplicationSample">

<UserControl.Resources>
<local:MultiValueConverterSample
x:Key="cv"></local:MultiValueConverterSample>
</UserControl.Resources>

<Grid
x:Name="LayoutRoot"
Background="White">
<TextBlock>
<data:BindingUtil.MultiBindings>
<data:MultiBindings>
<data:MultiBinding
TargetProperty="Text" Converter="{StaticResource cv}">
<data:MultiBinding.Bindings>
<data:BindingCollection>
<Binding
Path="Id"></Binding>
<Binding
Path="Time"></Binding>
</data:BindingCollection>
</data:MultiBinding.Bindings>
</data:MultiBinding>
</data:MultiBindings>
</data:BindingUtil.MultiBindings>
</TextBlock>
</Grid>
</UserControl>

.csharpcode, .csharpcode pre
{
font-size: small;
color: black;
font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace;
background-color: #ffffff;
/*white-space: pre;*/
}
.csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; }
.csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; }
.csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; }
.csharpcode .str { color: #006080; }
.csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; }
.csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; }
.csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; }
.csharpcode .html { color: #800000; }
.csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; }
.csharpcode .alt
{
background-color: #f4f4f4;
width: 100%;
margin: 0em;
}
.csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; }

总结

本文对照了在WPF和Silverlight中实现多值绑定的特性,并且给出了一个Silverlight中的替代解决方案
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