ORACLE DBA常用SQL
2011-09-15 15:01
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--监控索引是否使用
alter index &index_name monitoring usage;
alter index &index_name nomonitoring usage;
select * from v$object_usage where index_name =&index_name;
--求数据文件的I/O分布
selectdf.name,phyrds,phywrts,phyblkrd,phyblkwrt,singleblkrds,readtim,writetim
from v$filestat fs,v$dbfile df
where fs.file#=df.file# order by df.name;
--求某个隐藏参数的值
col ksppinm format a54
col ksppstvl format a54
select ksppinm, ksppstvl
from x$ksppi pi, x$ksppcv cv
where cv.indx=pi.indx and pi.ksppinm like '\_%' escape '\' andpi.ksppinm like '%meer%';
--求系统中较大的latch
select name,sum(gets),sum(misses),sum(sleeps),sum(wait_time)
from v$latch_children
group by name having sum(gets) > 50 order by2;
--求归档日志的切换频率(生产系统可能时间会很长)
select start_recid,start_time,end_recid,end_time,minutes from(select test.*, rownum as rn
from (select b.recidstart_recid,to_char(b.first_time,'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss')start_time,
a.recid end_recid,to_char(a.first_time,'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss')end_time,round(((a.first_time-b.first_time)*24)*60,2) minutes
from v$log_history a,v$log_history b where a.recid=b.recid+1 andb.first_time > sysdate - 1
order by a.first_time desc) test) y where y.rn <30
--求回滚段正在处理的事务
select a.name,b.xacts,c.sid,c.serial#,d.sql_text
from v$rollname a,v$rollstat b,v$session c,v$sqltextd,v$transaction e
where a.usn=b.usn and b.usn=e.xidusn and c.taddr=e.addr
and c.sql_address=d.address and c.sql_hashvalue=d.hash_valueorder by a.name,c.sid,d.piece;
--求出无效的对象
select 'alter procedure '||object_name||' compile;'
from dba_objects
where status='INVALID' and wner='&' andobject_type in ('PACKAGE','PACKAGE BODY');
/
select owner,object_name,object_type,status from dba_objectswhere status='INVALID';
--求process/session的状态
select p.pid,p.spid,s.program,s.sid,s.serial#
from v$process p,v$session s where s.paddr=p.addr;
--求当前session的状态
select sn.name,ms.value
from v$mystat ms,v$statname sn
where ms.statistic#=sn.statistic# and ms.value >0;
--求表的索引信息
select ui.table_name,ui.index_name
from user_indexes ui,user_ind_columns uic
where ui.table_name=uic.table_name andui.index_name=uic.index_name
and ui.table_name like '&table_name%' anduic.column_name='&column_name';
--显示表的外键信息
col search_condition format a54
select table_name,constraint_name
from user_constraints
where constraint_type ='R' and constraint_name in (selectconstraint_name from user_cons_columns wherecolumn_name='&1');
select rpad(child.table_name,25,' ') child_tablename,
rpad(cp.column_name,17,' ')referring_column,rpad(parent.table_name,25,' ')parent_tablename,
rpad(pc.column_name,15,' ')referred_column,rpad(child.constraint_name,25,' ')constraint_name
from user_constraints child,user_constraints parent,
user_cons_columns cp,user_cons_columns pc
where child.constraint_type = 'R' and child.r_constraint_name =parent.constraint_name and
child.constraint_name = cp.constraint_name andparent.constraint_name = pc.constraint_name and
cp.position = pc.position and child.table_name='&table_name'
order bychild.owner,child.table_name,child.constraint_name,cp.position;
--显示表的分区及子分区(user_tab_subpartitions)
col table_name format a16
col partition_name format a16
col high_value format a81
select table_name,partition_name,HIGH_VALUE fromuser_tab_partitions wheretable_name='&table_name'
--使用dbms_xplan生成一个执行计划
explain plan set statement_id = '&sql_id' for&sql;
select * from table(dbms_xplan.display);
--求某个事务的重做信息(bytes)
select s.name,m.value
from v$mystat m,v$statname s
where m.statistic#=s.statistic# and s.name like '%redosize%';
--求cache中缓存超过其5%的对象
select o.owner,o.object_type,o.object_name,count(b.objd)
from v$bh b,dba_objects o
where b.objd = o.object_id
group by o.owner,o.object_type,o.object_name
having count(b.objd) > (selectto_number(value)*0.05 from v$parameter where name ='db_block_buffers');
--求谁阻塞了某个session([u][b][u][b]10g[/b][/u][/b][/u])
select sid, username, event, blocking_session,
seconds_in_wait, wait_time
from v$session where state in ('WAITING') and wait_class !='Idle';
--求session的OS进程ID
col program format a54
select p.spid "OS Thread", b.name "Name-User", s.program
from v$process p, v$session s, v$bgprocess b
where p.addr = s.paddr and p.addr = b.paddr
UNION ALL
select p.spid "OS Thread", s.username "Name-User", s.program
from v$process p, v$session s where p.addr = s.paddr ands.username is not null;
--查会话的阻塞
col user_name format a32
select lpad(' ',decode(l.xidusn ,0,3,0))||l.oracle_usernameuser_name, o.owner,o.object_name,s.sid,s.serial#
from v$locked_object l,dba_objects o,v$session s
where l.object_id=o.object_id and l.session_id=s.sid order byo.object_id,xidusn desc ;
col username format a15
col lock_level format a8
col owner format a18
col object_name format a32
select s.username, decode(l.type,'tm','table lock', 'tx','rowlock', null) lock_level, o.owner,o.object_name,s.sid,s.serial#
from v$session s,v$lock l,dba_objects o
where l.sid = s.sid and l.id1 = o.object_id(+) and s.username isnot null ;
--求等待的事件及会话信息/求会话的等待及会话信息
selectse.sid,s.username,se.event,se.total_waits,se.time_waited,se.average_wait
from v$session s,v$session_event se
where s.username is not null and se.sid=s.sid ands.status='ACTIVE' and se.event not like '%SQL*Net%' order bys.username;
selects.sid,s.username,sw.event,sw.wait_time,sw.state,sw.seconds_in_wait
from v$session s,v$session_wait sw
where s.username is not null and sw.sid=s.sid and sw.event notlike '%SQL*Net%' order by s.username;
--求会话等待的file_id/block_id
col event format a24
col p1text format a12
col p2text format a12
col p3text format a12
select sid,event,p1text, p1, p2text, p2, p3text, p3
from v$session_wait
where event not like '%SQL%' and event not like '%rdbms%' andevent not like '%mon%' order by event;
select name,wait_time from v$latch l where exists (select 1 from(select sid,event,p1text, p1, p2text, p2, p3text, p3
from v$session_wait
where event not like '%SQL%' and event not like '%rdbms%' andevent not like '%mon%'
) x where x.p1= l.latch#);
--求会话等待的对象
col owner format a18
col segment_name format a32
col segment_type format a32
select owner,segment_name,segment_type
from dba_extents
where file_id = &file_id and&block_id between block_id and block_id + blocks -1;
--求buffer cache中的块信息
select o.OBJECT_TYPE, substr(o.OBJECT_NAME,1,10) objname ,b.objd , b.status, count(b.objd)
from v$bh b, dba_objects o
where b.objd = o.data_object_id and o.owner ='&1' group by o.object_type, o.object_name,b.objd,b.status ;
--求日志文件的空间使用
select le.leseq current_log_sequence#, 100*cp.cpodr_bno/le.lesizpercentage_full
from x$kcccp cp,x$kccle le
where le.leseq =cp.cpodr_seq;
--求等待中的对象
select s.sid, s.username, w.event, o.owner, o.segment_name,o.segment_type,
o.partition_name, w.seconds_in_wait seconds, w.state
from v$session_wait w, v$session s, dba_extents o
where w.event in (select name from v$event_name where parameter1= 'file#'
and parameter2 = 'block#' and name not like 'control%')
and o.owner <> 'sys' and w.sid =s.sid and w.p1 = o.file_id and w.p2 >= o.block_idand w.p2 < o.block_id + o.blocks
--求当前事务的重做尺寸
select value
from v$mystat, v$statname
where v$mystat.statistic# = v$statname.statistic# andv$statname.name = 'redo size';
--唤醒smon去清除临时段
column pid new_value Smon
set termout off
select p.pid from sys.v_$bgprocess b,sys.v_$process p whereb.name = 'SMON' and p.addr = b.paddr
/
set termout on
oradebug wakeup &Smon
undefine Smon
--求回退率
select b.value/(a.value + b.value),a.value,b.value fromv$sysstat a,v$sysstat b
where a.statistic#=4 and b.statistic#=5;
--求DISK READ较多的[u][b][u][b]SQL[/b][/u][/b][/u]
select st.sql_text from v$sql s,v$sqltext st
where s.address=st.address and s.hashvalue=st.hash_value ands.disk_reads > 300;
--求DISK SORT严重的SQL
select sess.username, sql.sql_text, sort1.blocks
from v$session sess, v$sqlarea sql, v$sort_usage sort1
where sess.serial# = sort1.session_num
and sort1.sqladdr = sql.address
and sort1.sqlhash = sql.hash_value and sort1.blocks> 200;
--求对象的创建代码
column column_name format a36
column sql_text format a99
select dbms_metadata.get_ddl('TABLE','&1') fromdual;
select dbms_metadata.get_ddl('INDEX','&1') fromdual;
--求表的索引
set linesize 131
select a.index_name,a.column_name,b.status, b.index_type
from user_ind_columns a,user_indexes b
where a.index_name=b.index_name anda.table_name='&1';
求索引中行数较多的
select index_name,blevel,num_rows,CLUSTERING_FACTOR,status fromuser_indexes where num_rows > 10000 and blevel> 0
selecttable_name,index_name,blevel,num_rows,CLUSTERING_FACTOR,status fromuser_indexes where status <>'VALID'
--求当前会话的SID，SERIAL#
select sid, serial# from v$session where audsid =SYS_CONTEXT('USERENV','SESSIONID');
--求表空间的未用空间
col mbytes format 9999.9999
select tablespace_name,sum(bytes)/1024/1024 mbytes fromdba_free_space group by tablespace_name;
--求表中定义的触发器
select table_name,index_type,index_name,uniqueness fromuser_indexes where table_name='&1';
select trigger_name from user_triggers wheretable_name='&1';
--求未定义索引的表
select table_name from user_tables where table_name not in(select table_name from user_ind_columns);
--执行常用的过程
exec print_sql('select count(*) from tab');
exec show_space2('table_name');
--求free memory
select * from v$sgastat where name='free memory';
select a.name,sum(b.value) from v$statname a,v$sesstat b wherea.statistic# = b.statistic# group by a.name;
查看一下谁在使用那个可以得回滚段，或者查看一下某个可以得用户在使用回滚段，
找出领回滚段不断增长的事务，再看看如何处理它，是否可以将它commit，再不行
就看看能否kill它，等等,查看当前正在使用的回滚段的用户信息和回滚段信息:
set linesize 121
SELECT r.name "ROLLBACK SEGMENT NAME ",l.sid "[u][b][u][b]ORACLE[/b][/u][/b][/u]PID",p.spid"SYSTEM PID ",s.username "ORACLE USERNAME"
FROM v$lock l, v$process p, v$rollname r, v$session s
WHERE l.sid = p.pid(+) AND s.sid=l.sid AND TRUNC(l.id1(+)/65536)= r.usn AND l.type(+) = 'TX' AND l.lmode(+) = 6 ORDER BYr.name;
--查看用户的回滚段的信息
select s.username, rn.name from v$session s, v$transaction t,v$rollstat r, v$rollname rn
where s.saddr = t.ses_addr and t.xidusn = r.usn and r.usn =rn.usn
--生成执行计划
explain plan set statement_id='a1' for &1;
--查看执行计划
select lpad(' ',2*(level-1))||operationoperation,options,OBJECT_NAME,position from plan_table
start with id=0 and statement_id='a1' connect by priorid=parent_id and statement_id='a1'
执行计划
1）根据SID，从v$sql中找到相应SQL的HASH_VALUE和ADDRESS ；
SELECT a.sql_text , a.address , a.hash_value
FROM v$sql a , v$session b
where a.hash_value = b.sql_hash_value
and b.sid = &sid ;
Alan Lee(160921) 22:58:07
2）根据hash_value和address的值，从v$sql_plan中找到真实的执行计划。
set line 200;
col oper format a100;
select lpad(oper,length(oper)+level*2,' ') oper,cost
from (
select object_name||':'||operation||' '||options asoper,cost,id,parent_id
from v$sql_plan
where hash_value = &hash_value
and address = '&address'
)
start with id=0
connect by prior id = parent_id;
Alan Lee(160921) 22:58:26
这2步，就可以找出实际正在跑的SQL使用的是什么执行计划
set autotrace traceonly statistics
set autotrace traceonly explain
set autotrace traceonly on explain
--查看内存中存的使用
selectdecode(greatest(class,10),10,decode(class,1,'Data',2,'Sort',4,'Header',to_char(class)),'Rollback')"Class",
sum(decode(bitand(flag,1),1,0,1)) "NotDirty",sum(decode(bitand(flag,1),1,1,0)) "Dirty",
sum(dirty_queue) "On Dirty",count(*) "Total"
from x$bh group bydecode(greatest(class,10),10,decode(class,1,'Data',2,'Sort',4,'Header',to_char(class)),'Rollback');
--查看表空间状态
selecttablespace_name,extent_management,segment_space_management fromdba_tablespaces;
select table_name,freelists,freelist_groups fromuser_tables;
--查看系统请求情况
SELECT DECODE (name, 'summed dirty write queue length',value)/
DECODE (name, 'write requests', value) "Write RequestLength"
FROM v$sysstat WHERE name IN ( 'summed dirty queue length','write requests') and value>0;
--计算[u][b][u][b]data[/b][/u][/b][/u]buffer命中率
select a.value + b.value "logical_reads", c.value"phys_reads",
round(100 * ((a.value+b.value)-c.value) / (a.value+b.value))"BUFFER HIT RATIO"
from v$sysstat a, v$sysstat b, v$sysstat c
where a.statistic# = 40 and b.statistic# = 41 and c.statistic# =42;
SELECT name,(1-(physical_reads/(db_block_gets+consistent_gets)))*100 H_RATIOFROM v$buffer_pool_statistics;
--查看内存使用情况
select least(max(b.value)/(1024*1024),sum(a.bytes)/(1024*1024))shared_pool_used,
max(b.value)/(1024*1024)shared_pool_size,greatest(max(b.value)/(1024*1024),sum(a.bytes)/(1024*1024))-
(sum(a.bytes)/(1024*1024))shared_pool_avail,((sum(a.bytes)/(1024*1024))/(max(b.value)/(1024*1024)))*100avail_pool_pct
from v$sgastat a, v$parameter b where (a.pool='shared pool' anda.name not in ('free memory')) and b.name='shared_pool_size';
--查看用户使用内存情况
select username, sum(sharable_mem), sum(persistent_mem),sum(runtime_mem)
from sys.v_$sqlarea a, dba_users b
where a.parsing_user_id = b.user_id group by username;
--查看对象的缓存情况
selectOWNER,NAMESPACE,TYPE,NAME,SHARABLE_MEM,LOADS,EXECUTIONS,LOCKS,PINS,KEPT
from v$db_object_cache where type not in ('NOTLOADED','NON-EXISTENT','VIEW','TABLE','SEQUENCE')
and executions>0 and loads>1 andkept='NO' order by owner,namespace,type,executions desc;
select type,count(*) from v$db_object_cache group by type;
--查看库缓存命中率
select namespace,gets, gethitratio*100gethitratio,pins,pinhitratio*100 pinhitratio,RELOADS,INVALIDATIONSfrom v$librarycache
--查看某些用户的hash
select a.username, count(b.hash_value)total_hash,count(b.hash_value)-count(unique(b.hash_value))same_hash,
(count(unique(b.hash_value))/count(b.hash_value))*100u_hash_ratio
from dba_users a, v$sqlarea b where a.user_id=b.parsing_user_idgroup by a.username;
--查看字典命中率
select (sum(getmisses)/sum(gets)) ratio from v$rowcache;
--查看undo段的使用情况
SELECTd.segment_name,extents,optsize,shrinks,aveshrink,aveactive,d.status
FROM v$rollname n,v$rollstat s,dba_rollback_segs d
WHERE d.segment_id=n.usn(+) and d.segment_id=s.usn(+);
--无效的对象
select owner,object_type,object_name from dba_objects wherestatus='INVALID';
select constraint_name,table_name from dba_constraints wherestatus='INVALID';
--求出某个进程，并对它进行跟踪
select s.sid,s.serial# from v$session s,v$process p wheres.paddr=p.addr and p.spid=&1;
execdbms_system.SET_SQL_TRACE_IN_SESSION(&1,&2,true);
execdbms_system.SET_SQL_TRACE_IN_SESSION(&1,&2,false);
--求出锁定的对象
select do.object_name,session_id,process,locked_mode
from v$locked_object lo, dba_objects do wherelo.object_id=do.object_id;
--求当前session的跟踪文件
SELECT p1.value || '/' || p2.value || '_ora_' || p.spid ||'.ora' filename
FROM v$process p, v$session s, v$parameter p1, v$parameterp2
WHERE p1.name = 'user_dump_dest' AND p2.name ='instance_name'
AND p.addr = s.paddr AND s.audsid = USERENV('SESSIONID') ANDp.background is null AND instr(p.program,'CJQ') = 0;
--求对象所在的文件及块号
select segment_name,header_file,header_block
from dba_segments where segment_name like'&1';
--求对象发生事务时回退段及块号
select a.segment_name,a.header_file,a.header_block
from dba_segments a,dba_rollback_segs b
where a.segment_name=b.segment_name andb.segment_id='&1'
--9i的在线重定义表
execdbms_redefinition.can_redef_table('cybercafe','announcement');
create table anno2 as select * from announcement
execdbms_redefinition.start_redef_table('cybercafe','announcement','anno2');
execdbms_redefinition.sync_interim_table('cybercafe','announcement','anno2');
execdbms_redefinition.finish_redef_table('cybercafe','announcement','anno2');
drop table anno2
execdbms_redefinition.abort_redef_table('cybercafe','announcement','anno2');
--常用的logmnr脚本(cybercafe)
exec sys.dbms_logmnr_d.build(dictionary_filename=>'esal',dictionary_location=>'/home/oracle/logmnr');
execsys.dbms_logmnr.add_logfile(logfilename=>'/home/oracle/oradata/esal/archive/1_24050.dbf',ptions=>sys.dbms_logmnr.new);
execsys.dbms_logmnr.add_logfile(logfilename=>'/home/oracle/oradata/esal/archive/1_22912.dbf',ptions=>sys.dbms_logmnr.addfile);
execsys.dbms_logmnr.add_logfile(logfilename=>'/home/oracle/oradata/esal/archive/1_22913.dbf',ptions=>sys.dbms_logmnr.addfile);
execsys.dbms_logmnr.add_logfile(logfilename=>'/home/oracle/oradata/esal/archive/1_22914.dbf',ptions=>sys.dbms_logmnr.addfile);
execsys.dbms_logmnr.start_logmnr(dictfilename=>'/home/oracle/logmnr/esal.ora');
create table logmnr2 as select * from v$logmnr_contents;
死锁问题：1）查找死锁的进程：
sqlplus "/as sysdba"
SELECTs.username,l.OBJECT_ID,l.SESSION_ID,s.SERIAL#,l.ORACLE_USERNAME,
l.OS_USER_NAME,l.PROCESS FROM V$LOCKED_OBJECT l,V$SESSION S WHEREl.SESSION_ID=S.SID;
2）kill掉这个死锁的进程：
alter system kill session 'sid,serial#'; （其中sid=l.session_id）
3）如果还不能解决，
select pro.spid from v$session ses,v$process pro where ses.sid=XXand ses.paddr=pro.addr;
其中sid用死锁的sid替换。
exit
--与权限相关的字典
ALL_COL_PRIVS表示列上的授权，用户和PUBLIC是被授予者
ALL_COL_PRIVS_MADE表示列上的授权，用户是属主和被授予者
ALL_COL_RECD表示列上的授权，用户和PUBLIC是被授予者
ALL_TAB_PRIVS表示对象上的授权，用户是PUBLIC或被授予者或用户是属主
ALL_TAB_PRIVS_MADE表示对象上的权限，用户是属主或授予者
ALL_TAB_PRIVS_RECD表示对象上的权限,用户是PUBLIC或被授予者
DBA_COL_PRIVS数据库列上的所有授权
DBA_ROLE_PRIVS显示已授予用户或其他角色的角色
DBA_SYS_PRIVS已授予用户或角色的系统权限
DBA_TAB_PRIVS数据库对象上的所有权限
ROLE_ROLE_PRIVS显示已授予用户的角色
ROLE_SYS_PRIVS显示通过角色授予用户的系统权限
ROLE_TAB_PRIVS显示通过角色授予用户的对象权限
SESSION_PRIVS显示用户现在可利用的所有系统权限
USER_COL_PRIVS显示列上的权限，用户是属主、授予者或被授予者
USER_COL_PRIVS_MADE显示列上已授予的权限，用户是属主或授予者
USER_COL_PRIVS_RECD显示列上已授予的权限，用户是属主或被授予者
USER_ROLE_PRIVS显示已授予给用户的所有角色
USER_SYS_PRIVS显示已授予给用户的所有系统权限
USER_TAB_PRIVS显示已授予给用户的所有对象权限
USER_TAB_PRIVS_MADE显示已授予给其他用户的对象权限，用户是属主
USER_TAB_PRIVS_RECD显示已授予给其他用户的对象权限，用户是被授予者
--如何用dbms_stats分析表及模式？
execdbms_stats.gather_schema_stats(ownname=>'&USER_NAME',estimate_percent=>dbms_stats.auto_sample_size,
method_opt => 'for all columns sizeauto',degree=> DBMS_STATS.DEFAULT_DEGREE);
execdbms_stats.gather_schema_stats(ownname=>'&USER_NAME',estimate_percent=>dbms_stats.auto_sample_size,cascade=>true);
常用系统表,视图和作用
查看有关用户的信息:dba_users
查看有关角色的信息:dba_roles,dba_role_privs,role_sys_privs
查看有关系统权限的信息:dba_sys_privs
查看当前[u][b][u][b]数据库[/b][/u][/b][/u]表空间状况:dba_tablespaces
查看用户的系统权限:user_sys_privs
查看某个用户对另外一个用户授予的权限:user_tab_privs_made
查看某个用户对另外一个用户授予的列级权限:user_col_privs_made
查看某个用户接受的权限:user_tab_privs_recd
查看某个用户接受的列级权限:user_col_privs_recd
查看有关用户的角色信息:user_role_privs
查看有关授予某个角色的系统权限信息:role_sys_privs
查看有关授予某个角色的对象权限信息:role_tab_privs
查看当前用户所拥有的表信息:user_tables
查看当前用户有权限访问的表信息:all_tables
查看当前用户所拥有的所有表的列信息:user_tab_columns
查看当前用户可以访问的表中的列信息:all_tab_columns
查看当前用户所拥有的所有约束信息:user_constraint
查看当前用户所拥有的所有约束和列的关系:user_cons_constraint
查看表中注释内容:user_tab_comments
查看表中列注释内容：user_col_comments
提供练习的表:dual
查看相关时区的名称和简称:v$timezone_names
V$OPTION:显示已[u][b][u][b]安装[/b][/u][/b][/u]的Oracle选项
select * from v$option;
取得Oracle版本的详细信息
select * from v$version;
取得初始化参数的详细信息
select name,value,description from v$parameter;
取得当前例程的详细信息
select * from v$instance;
1、用户
查看当前用户的缺省表空间
SQL>select username,default_tablespace fromuser_users;
查看当前用户的角色
SQL>select * from user_role_privs;
查看当前用户的系统权限和表级权限
SQL>select * from user_sys_privs;或
select username, default_tablespace, temporary_tablespace, privgranted_role, default_role from dba_users u, (selectgrantee,granted_role priv,default_role from dba_role_privs unionall select grantee,privilege priv,'' from dba_sys_privs c ) r whereu.username
= r.grantee order by username ;
SQL>select * from user_tab_privs;
显示当前会话所具有的权限
SQL>select * from session_privs;
显示指定用户所具有的系统权限
SQL>select * from dba_sys_privs wheregrantee='GAME';
2、表
查看用户下所有的表
SQL>select * from user_tables;
查看名称包含log字符的表
SQL>select object_name,object_id fromuser_objects
where instr(object_name,'LOG')>0;
查看某表的创建时间
SQL>select object_name,created fromuser_objects whereobject_name=upper('&table_name');
查看某表的大小
SQL>select sum(bytes)/(1024*1024) as "size(M)"from user_segments
where segment_name=upper('&table_name');
查看放在ORACLE的内存区里的表
SQL>select table_name,cache from user_tableswhere instr(cache,'Y')>0;
3、索引
查看索引个数和类别
SQL>select index_name,index_type,table_namefrom user_indexes order by table_name;
查看索引被索引的字段
SQL>select * from user_ind_columns whereindex_name=upper('&index_name');
查看索引的大小
SQL>select sum(bytes)/(1024*1024) as "size(M)"from user_segments
where segment_name=upper('&index_name');
4、序列号
查看序列号，last_number是当前值
SQL>select * from user_sequences;
5、视图
查看视图的名称
SQL>select view_name from user_views;
查看创建视图的select语句
SQL>set view_name,text_length fromuser_views;
SQL>set long 2000; 说明：可以根据视图的text_length值设定setlong 的大小
SQL>select text from user_views whereview_name=upper('&view_name');
6、同义词
查看同义词的名称
SQL>select * from user_synonyms;
7、约束条件
查看某表的约束条件
SQL>select constraint_name,constraint_type,search_condition, r_constraint_name
from user_constraints where table_name =upper('&table_name');
SQL>selectc.constraint_name,c.constraint_type,cc.column_name
from user_constraints c,user_cons_columns cc
where c.owner = upper('&table_owner') andc.table_name = upper('&table_name')
and c.owner = cc.owner and c.constraint_name =cc.constraint_name
order by cc.position;
8、存储函数和过程
查看函数和过程的状态
SQL>select object_name,status from user_objectswhere object_type='FUNCTION';
SQL>select object_name,status from user_objectswhere object_type='PROCEDURE';
查看函数和过程的[u][b][u][b]源代码[/b][/u][/b][/u]
SQL>select text from all_source where wner=userand name=upper('&plsql_name');
1. 监控事例的等待
select event,
sum(decode(wait_Time,0,0,1)) "Prev",
sum(decode(wait_Time,0,1,0)) "Curr",
count(*) "Tot"
from v$session_Wait
group by event
order by 4;
2. 回滚段的争用情况
select name, waits, gets, waits/gets "Ratio"
from v$rollstat a, v$rollname b
where a.usn = b.usn;
3. 监控表空间的 I/O 比例
select df.tablespace_name name,df.file_name "file",f.phyrdspyr,
f.phyblkrd pbr,f.phywrts pyw, f.phyblkwrt pbw
from v$filestat f, dba_data_files df
where f.file# = df.file_id
order by df.tablespace_name;
4. 监控文件系统的 I/O 比例
select substr(a.file#,1,2) "#", substr(a.name,1,30) "Name",
a.status, a.bytes, b.phyrds, b.phywrts
from v$datafile a, v$filestat b
where a.file# = b.file#;
5.在某个用户下找所有的索引
select user_indexes.table_name,
user_indexes.index_name,
uniqueness,
column_name
from user_ind_columns, user_indexes
where user_ind_columns.index_name = user_indexes.index_nameand
user_ind_columns.table_name = user_indexes.table_name
order by user_indexes.table_type, user_indexes.table_name,
user_indexes.index_name, column_position;
6. 监控 SGA 的命中率
select a.value + b.value "logical_reads",
c.value "phys_reads",
round(100 * ((a.value+b.value)-c.value) / (a.value+b.value))"BUFFER HIT RATIO"
from v$sysstat a, v$sysstat b, v$sysstat c
where a.statistic# = 38 and b.statistic# = 39 and
c.statistic# = 40;
7. 监控 SGA 中字典缓冲区的命中率
select parameter, gets,Getmisses ,
getmisses/(gets+getmisses)*100 "miss ratio",
(1-(sum(getmisses)/ (sum(gets)+sum(getmisses))))*100 "Hitratio"
from v$rowcache
where gets+getmisses <>0
group by parameter, gets, getmisses;
8. 监控 SGA 中共享缓存区的命中率，应该小于1%
select sum(pins) "Total Pins", sum(reloads) "Total Reloads",
sum(reloads)/sum(pins) *100 libcache
from v$librarycache;
select sum(pinhits-reloads)/sum(pins) "hit radio",
sum(reloads)/sum(pins) "reload percent"
from v$librarycache;
9. 显示所有数据库对象的类别和大小
select type,
count(name) num_instances,
sum(source_size) source_size,
sum(parsed_size) parsed_size,
sum(code_size) code_size,
sum(error_size) error_size,
sum(source_size) +sum(parsed_size) +sum(code_size) +sum(error_size)size_required
from dba_object_size
group by type
order by 1;
10. 监控 SGA 中重做日志缓存区的命中率，应该小于1%
SELECT name, gets, misses, immediate_gets, immediate_misses,
Decode(gets,0,0,misses/gets*100) ratio1,
Decode(immediate_gets+immediate_misses,0,0,
immediate_misses/(immediate_gets+immediate_misses)*100)ratio2
FROM v$latch
WHERE name IN ('redo allocation', 'redo copy');
11. 监控内存和硬盘的排序比率，最好使它小于 .10，增加 sort_area_size
SELECT name, value
FROM v$sysstat
WHERE name IN ('sorts (memory)', 'sorts (disk)');
12. 监控当前数据库谁在运行什么SQL语句
SELECT osuser, username, sql_text
from v$session a, v$sqltext b
where a.sql_address =b.address order by address, piece;
13. 监控字典缓冲区
SELECT (SUM(PINS - RELOADS)) / SUM(PINS) "LIB CACHE"
FROM V$LIBRARYCACHE;
SELECT (SUM(GETS - GETMISSES - USAGE - FIXED)) / SUM(GETS) "ROWCACHE"
FROM V$ROWCACHE;
SELECT SUM(PINS) "EXECUTIONS", SUM(RELOADS) "CACHE MISSES WHILEEXECUTING"
FROM V$LIBRARYCACHE;
后者除以前者,此比率小于1%,接近0%为好。
SELECT SUM(GETS) "DICTIONARY GETS",SUM(GETMISSES) "DICTIONARY CACHEGET MISSES"
FROM V$ROWCACHE;
14. 找ORACLE字符集
select * from sys.props$ where name='NLS_CHARACTERSET';
15. 监控 MTS
select busy/(busy+idle) "shared servers busy" fromv$dispatcher;
此值大于0.5时，参数需加大
select sum(wait)/sum(totalq) "dispatcher waits" from v$queue wheretype='dispatcher';
select count(*) from v$dispatcher;
select servers_highwater from v$mts;
servers_highwater接近mts_max_servers时，参数需加大
16. 碎片程度
select tablespace_name,count(tablespace_name)
from dba_free_space
group by tablespace_name
having count(tablespace_name)>10;
alter tablespace name coalesce;
alter table name deallocate unused;
create or replace view ts_blocks_v as
select tablespace_name,block_id,bytes,blocks,
segment_name
from dba_free_space
union all
select tablespace_name,block_id,bytes,blocks,
segment_name
from dba_extents;
select * from ts_blocks_v;
select tablespace_name,sum(bytes),max(bytes),count(block_id)
from dba_free_space
group by tablespace_name;
查看碎片程度高的表
SELECT segment_name table_name , COUNT(*) extents
FROM dba_segments
WHERE owner NOT IN ('SYS', 'SYSTEM')
GROUP BY segment_name
HAVING COUNT(*) = (SELECT MAX(COUNT(*)) FROM dba_segments GROUP BYsegment_name);
17. 表、索引的存储情况检查
select segment_name,sum(bytes),count(*) ext_quan
from dba_extents
where tablespace_name='&tablespace_name' and
segment_type='TABLE'
group by tablespace_name,segment_name;
select segment_name,count(*)
from dba_extents
where segment_type='INDEX' and wner='&owner'
group by segment_name;
18、找使用CPU多的用户session
12是cpu used by this session
select a.sid,spid,status,substr(a.program,1,40) prog,
a.terminal,osuser,value/60/100 value
from v$session a,v$process b,v$sesstat c
where c.statistic#=12 and
c.sid=a.sid and
a.paddr=b.addr
order by value desc;
19.对可疑/性能不好的[u][b][u][b]Server[/b][/u][/b][/u]Process来进行Trace.,可以用tkprof来分析Trace的结果.比较方便.使用Unix的KSH.
(1) start_trc:
#!/bin/ksh
if (( $# != 1 ))
then
echo Usuage: start_trc pid
fi
sid_serial=$(print "
connect / as sysdba;
set heading off;
set feedback off;
select a.sid,a.serial# from v\$session a,v\$process b wherea.paddr=b.addr and b.spid=$1;
exit;
" | sqlplus -s /nolog | grep -v 'Connected' | sed -e's/\([0-9]\{1,\}\)/\1,/' -e '/^$/d' )
if [[ -z $sid_serial ]]
then
print "Seems that this process $1 is not an Oracle process!"
exit 1
fi
print "
connect / as sysdba;
executedbms_system.set_sql_trace_in_session($sid_serial,true);
exit;
" | sqlplus -s /nolog
(2) stop_trc:
#!/bin/ksh
if (( $# != 1 ))
then
echo Usuage: stop_trc pid
fi
sid_serial=$(print "
connect / as sysdba;
set heading off;
set feedback off;
select a.sid,a.serial# from v\$session a,v\$process b wherea.paddr=b.addr and b.spid=$1;
exit;
" | sqlplus -s /nolog | grep -v 'Connected' | sed -e's/\([0-9]\{1,\}\)/\1,/' -e '/^$/d' )
if [[ -z $sid_serial ]]
then
print "Seems that this process $1 is not an Oracle process!"
exit 1
fi
print "
connect / as sysdba;
executedbms_system.set_sql_trace_in_session($sid_serial,false);
exit;
" | sqlplus -s /nolog
20.查看Lock
SELECT sn.username, m.sid, m.type,
DECODE(m.lmode, 0, 'None',
1, 'Null',
2, 'Row Share',
3, 'Row Excl.',
4, 'Share',
5, 'S/Row Excl.',
6, 'Exclusive',
lmode, ltrim(to_char(lmode,'990'))) lmode,
DECODE(m.request,0, 'None',
1, 'Null',
2, 'Row Share',
3, 'Row Excl.',
4, 'Share',
5, 'S/Row Excl.',
6, 'Exclusive',
request, ltrim(to_char(m.request,'990'))) request,
m.id1, m.id2
FROM v$session sn, v$lock m
WHERE (sn.sid = m.sid AND m.request != 0) OR
( sn.sid = m.sid AND
m.request = 0 AND
lmode != 4 AND
(id1, id2) IN (
SELECT s.id1, s.id2
FROM v$lock s
WHERE request != 0 AND
s.id1 = m.id1 AND
s.id2 = m.id2
)
)
ORDER BY id1, id2, m.request;
select l.sid,s.serial#,s.username,s.terminal,
decode(l.type,'RW','RW - Row Wait Enqueue',
'TM','TM - DML Enqueue',
'TX','TX - Trans Enqueue',
'UL','UL - User',l.type||'System') res,
substr(t.name,1,10) tab,u.name owner,
l.id1,l.id2,
decode(l.lmode,1,'No Lock',
2,'Row Share',
3,'Row Exclusive',
4,'Share',
5,'Shr Row Excl',
6,'Exclusive',null) lmode,
decode(l.request,1,'No Lock',
2,'Row Share',
3,'Row Excl',
4,'Share',
5,'Shr Row Excl',
6,'Exclusive',null) request
from v$lock l, v$session s,
sys.user$ u,sys.obj$ t
where l.sid = s.sid and
s.type != 'BACKGROUND' and
t.obj# = l.id1 and
u.user# = t.owner#;
監控登入登出的用戶:
創建如下的兩張表:
create table login_log -- 登入登出信息表
(
session_id int not null, -- sessionid
login_on_time date, -- 登入時間
login_off_time date, -- 登出時間
user_in_db varchar2(30), -- 登入的db user
machine varchar2(20), -- 機器名
ip_address varchar2(20), -- ip地址
run_program varchar2(20) -- 以何程序登入
);
create table allow_user -- 網域用戶表
(
ip_address varchar2(20), -- ip地址
login_user_name nvarchar2(20) -- 操作者姓名
);
創建如下的兩個觸發器:
create or replace trigger login_on_info -- 紀錄登入信息的觸發器
after logon on database
Begin
insert intologin_log(session_id,login_on_time,login_off_time,user_in_db,machine,ip_address,run_program)
selectAUDSID,sysdate,null,sys.login_user,machine,SYS_CONTEXT('USERENV','IP_ADDRESS')from dual;
alter index &index_name monitoring usage;
alter index &index_name nomonitoring usage;
select * from v$object_usage where index_name =&index_name;
--求数据文件的I/O分布
selectdf.name,phyrds,phywrts,phyblkrd,phyblkwrt,singleblkrds,readtim,writetim
from v$filestat fs,v$dbfile df
where fs.file#=df.file# order by df.name;
--求某个隐藏参数的值
col ksppinm format a54
col ksppstvl format a54
select ksppinm, ksppstvl
from x$ksppi pi, x$ksppcv cv
where cv.indx=pi.indx and pi.ksppinm like '\_%' escape '\' andpi.ksppinm like '%meer%';
--求系统中较大的latch
select name,sum(gets),sum(misses),sum(sleeps),sum(wait_time)
from v$latch_children
group by name having sum(gets) > 50 order by2;
--求归档日志的切换频率(生产系统可能时间会很长)
select start_recid,start_time,end_recid,end_time,minutes from(select test.*, rownum as rn
from (select b.recidstart_recid,to_char(b.first_time,'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss')start_time,
a.recid end_recid,to_char(a.first_time,'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss')end_time,round(((a.first_time-b.first_time)*24)*60,2) minutes
from v$log_history a,v$log_history b where a.recid=b.recid+1 andb.first_time > sysdate - 1
order by a.first_time desc) test) y where y.rn <30
--求回滚段正在处理的事务
select a.name,b.xacts,c.sid,c.serial#,d.sql_text
from v$rollname a,v$rollstat b,v$session c,v$sqltextd,v$transaction e
where a.usn=b.usn and b.usn=e.xidusn and c.taddr=e.addr
and c.sql_address=d.address and c.sql_hashvalue=d.hash_valueorder by a.name,c.sid,d.piece;
--求出无效的对象
select 'alter procedure '||object_name||' compile;'
from dba_objects
where status='INVALID' and wner='&' andobject_type in ('PACKAGE','PACKAGE BODY');
/
select owner,object_name,object_type,status from dba_objectswhere status='INVALID';
--求process/session的状态
select p.pid,p.spid,s.program,s.sid,s.serial#
from v$process p,v$session s where s.paddr=p.addr;
--求当前session的状态
select sn.name,ms.value
from v$mystat ms,v$statname sn
where ms.statistic#=sn.statistic# and ms.value >0;
--求表的索引信息
select ui.table_name,ui.index_name
from user_indexes ui,user_ind_columns uic
where ui.table_name=uic.table_name andui.index_name=uic.index_name
and ui.table_name like '&table_name%' anduic.column_name='&column_name';
--显示表的外键信息
col search_condition format a54
select table_name,constraint_name
from user_constraints
where constraint_type ='R' and constraint_name in (selectconstraint_name from user_cons_columns wherecolumn_name='&1');
select rpad(child.table_name,25,' ') child_tablename,
rpad(cp.column_name,17,' ')referring_column,rpad(parent.table_name,25,' ')parent_tablename,
rpad(pc.column_name,15,' ')referred_column,rpad(child.constraint_name,25,' ')constraint_name
from user_constraints child,user_constraints parent,
user_cons_columns cp,user_cons_columns pc
where child.constraint_type = 'R' and child.r_constraint_name =parent.constraint_name and
child.constraint_name = cp.constraint_name andparent.constraint_name = pc.constraint_name and
cp.position = pc.position and child.table_name='&table_name'
order bychild.owner,child.table_name,child.constraint_name,cp.position;
--显示表的分区及子分区(user_tab_subpartitions)
col table_name format a16
col partition_name format a16
col high_value format a81
select table_name,partition_name,HIGH_VALUE fromuser_tab_partitions wheretable_name='&table_name'
--使用dbms_xplan生成一个执行计划
explain plan set statement_id = '&sql_id' for&sql;
select * from table(dbms_xplan.display);
--求某个事务的重做信息(bytes)
select s.name,m.value
from v$mystat m,v$statname s
where m.statistic#=s.statistic# and s.name like '%redosize%';
--求cache中缓存超过其5%的对象
select o.owner,o.object_type,o.object_name,count(b.objd)
from v$bh b,dba_objects o
where b.objd = o.object_id
group by o.owner,o.object_type,o.object_name
having count(b.objd) > (selectto_number(value)*0.05 from v$parameter where name ='db_block_buffers');
--求谁阻塞了某个session([u][b][u][b]10g[/b][/u][/b][/u])
select sid, username, event, blocking_session,
seconds_in_wait, wait_time
from v$session where state in ('WAITING') and wait_class !='Idle';
--求session的OS进程ID
col program format a54
select p.spid "OS Thread", b.name "Name-User", s.program
from v$process p, v$session s, v$bgprocess b
where p.addr = s.paddr and p.addr = b.paddr
UNION ALL
select p.spid "OS Thread", s.username "Name-User", s.program
from v$process p, v$session s where p.addr = s.paddr ands.username is not null;
--查会话的阻塞
col user_name format a32
select lpad(' ',decode(l.xidusn ,0,3,0))||l.oracle_usernameuser_name, o.owner,o.object_name,s.sid,s.serial#
from v$locked_object l,dba_objects o,v$session s
where l.object_id=o.object_id and l.session_id=s.sid order byo.object_id,xidusn desc ;
col username format a15
col lock_level format a8
col owner format a18
col object_name format a32
select s.username, decode(l.type,'tm','table lock', 'tx','rowlock', null) lock_level, o.owner,o.object_name,s.sid,s.serial#
from v$session s,v$lock l,dba_objects o
where l.sid = s.sid and l.id1 = o.object_id(+) and s.username isnot null ;
--求等待的事件及会话信息/求会话的等待及会话信息
selectse.sid,s.username,se.event,se.total_waits,se.time_waited,se.average_wait
from v$session s,v$session_event se
where s.username is not null and se.sid=s.sid ands.status='ACTIVE' and se.event not like '%SQL*Net%' order bys.username;
selects.sid,s.username,sw.event,sw.wait_time,sw.state,sw.seconds_in_wait
from v$session s,v$session_wait sw
where s.username is not null and sw.sid=s.sid and sw.event notlike '%SQL*Net%' order by s.username;
--求会话等待的file_id/block_id
col event format a24
col p1text format a12
col p2text format a12
col p3text format a12
select sid,event,p1text, p1, p2text, p2, p3text, p3
from v$session_wait
where event not like '%SQL%' and event not like '%rdbms%' andevent not like '%mon%' order by event;
select name,wait_time from v$latch l where exists (select 1 from(select sid,event,p1text, p1, p2text, p2, p3text, p3
from v$session_wait
where event not like '%SQL%' and event not like '%rdbms%' andevent not like '%mon%'
) x where x.p1= l.latch#);
--求会话等待的对象
col owner format a18
col segment_name format a32
col segment_type format a32
select owner,segment_name,segment_type
from dba_extents
where file_id = &file_id and&block_id between block_id and block_id + blocks -1;
--求buffer cache中的块信息
select o.OBJECT_TYPE, substr(o.OBJECT_NAME,1,10) objname ,b.objd , b.status, count(b.objd)
from v$bh b, dba_objects o
where b.objd = o.data_object_id and o.owner ='&1' group by o.object_type, o.object_name,b.objd,b.status ;
--求日志文件的空间使用
select le.leseq current_log_sequence#, 100*cp.cpodr_bno/le.lesizpercentage_full
from x$kcccp cp,x$kccle le
where le.leseq =cp.cpodr_seq;
--求等待中的对象
select s.sid, s.username, w.event, o.owner, o.segment_name,o.segment_type,
o.partition_name, w.seconds_in_wait seconds, w.state
from v$session_wait w, v$session s, dba_extents o
where w.event in (select name from v$event_name where parameter1= 'file#'
and parameter2 = 'block#' and name not like 'control%')
and o.owner <> 'sys' and w.sid =s.sid and w.p1 = o.file_id and w.p2 >= o.block_idand w.p2 < o.block_id + o.blocks
--求当前事务的重做尺寸
select value
from v$mystat, v$statname
where v$mystat.statistic# = v$statname.statistic# andv$statname.name = 'redo size';
--唤醒smon去清除临时段
column pid new_value Smon
set termout off
select p.pid from sys.v_$bgprocess b,sys.v_$process p whereb.name = 'SMON' and p.addr = b.paddr
/
set termout on
oradebug wakeup &Smon
undefine Smon
--求回退率
select b.value/(a.value + b.value),a.value,b.value fromv$sysstat a,v$sysstat b
where a.statistic#=4 and b.statistic#=5;
--求DISK READ较多的[u][b][u][b]SQL[/b][/u][/b][/u]
select st.sql_text from v$sql s,v$sqltext st
where s.address=st.address and s.hashvalue=st.hash_value ands.disk_reads > 300;
--求DISK SORT严重的SQL
select sess.username, sql.sql_text, sort1.blocks
from v$session sess, v$sqlarea sql, v$sort_usage sort1
where sess.serial# = sort1.session_num
and sort1.sqladdr = sql.address
and sort1.sqlhash = sql.hash_value and sort1.blocks> 200;
--求对象的创建代码
column column_name format a36
column sql_text format a99
select dbms_metadata.get_ddl('TABLE','&1') fromdual;
select dbms_metadata.get_ddl('INDEX','&1') fromdual;
--求表的索引
set linesize 131
select a.index_name,a.column_name,b.status, b.index_type
from user_ind_columns a,user_indexes b
where a.index_name=b.index_name anda.table_name='&1';
求索引中行数较多的
select index_name,blevel,num_rows,CLUSTERING_FACTOR,status fromuser_indexes where num_rows > 10000 and blevel> 0
selecttable_name,index_name,blevel,num_rows,CLUSTERING_FACTOR,status fromuser_indexes where status <>'VALID'
--求当前会话的SID，SERIAL#
select sid, serial# from v$session where audsid =SYS_CONTEXT('USERENV','SESSIONID');
--求表空间的未用空间
col mbytes format 9999.9999
select tablespace_name,sum(bytes)/1024/1024 mbytes fromdba_free_space group by tablespace_name;
--求表中定义的触发器
select table_name,index_type,index_name,uniqueness fromuser_indexes where table_name='&1';
select trigger_name from user_triggers wheretable_name='&1';
--求未定义索引的表
select table_name from user_tables where table_name not in(select table_name from user_ind_columns);
--执行常用的过程
exec print_sql('select count(*) from tab');
exec show_space2('table_name');
--求free memory
select * from v$sgastat where name='free memory';
select a.name,sum(b.value) from v$statname a,v$sesstat b wherea.statistic# = b.statistic# group by a.name;
查看一下谁在使用那个可以得回滚段，或者查看一下某个可以得用户在使用回滚段，
找出领回滚段不断增长的事务，再看看如何处理它，是否可以将它commit，再不行
就看看能否kill它，等等,查看当前正在使用的回滚段的用户信息和回滚段信息:
set linesize 121
SELECT r.name "ROLLBACK SEGMENT NAME ",l.sid "[u][b][u][b]ORACLE[/b][/u][/b][/u]PID",p.spid"SYSTEM PID ",s.username "ORACLE USERNAME"
FROM v$lock l, v$process p, v$rollname r, v$session s
WHERE l.sid = p.pid(+) AND s.sid=l.sid AND TRUNC(l.id1(+)/65536)= r.usn AND l.type(+) = 'TX' AND l.lmode(+) = 6 ORDER BYr.name;
--查看用户的回滚段的信息
select s.username, rn.name from v$session s, v$transaction t,v$rollstat r, v$rollname rn
where s.saddr = t.ses_addr and t.xidusn = r.usn and r.usn =rn.usn
--生成执行计划
explain plan set statement_id='a1' for &1;
--查看执行计划
select lpad(' ',2*(level-1))||operationoperation,options,OBJECT_NAME,position from plan_table
start with id=0 and statement_id='a1' connect by priorid=parent_id and statement_id='a1'
执行计划
1）根据SID，从v$sql中找到相应SQL的HASH_VALUE和ADDRESS ；
SELECT a.sql_text , a.address , a.hash_value
FROM v$sql a , v$session b
where a.hash_value = b.sql_hash_value
and b.sid = &sid ;
Alan Lee(160921) 22:58:07
2）根据hash_value和address的值，从v$sql_plan中找到真实的执行计划。
set line 200;
col oper format a100;
select lpad(oper,length(oper)+level*2,' ') oper,cost
from (
select object_name||':'||operation||' '||options asoper,cost,id,parent_id
from v$sql_plan
where hash_value = &hash_value
and address = '&address'
)
start with id=0
connect by prior id = parent_id;
Alan Lee(160921) 22:58:26
这2步，就可以找出实际正在跑的SQL使用的是什么执行计划
set autotrace traceonly statistics
set autotrace traceonly explain
set autotrace traceonly on explain
--查看内存中存的使用
selectdecode(greatest(class,10),10,decode(class,1,'Data',2,'Sort',4,'Header',to_char(class)),'Rollback')"Class",
sum(decode(bitand(flag,1),1,0,1)) "NotDirty",sum(decode(bitand(flag,1),1,1,0)) "Dirty",
sum(dirty_queue) "On Dirty",count(*) "Total"
from x$bh group bydecode(greatest(class,10),10,decode(class,1,'Data',2,'Sort',4,'Header',to_char(class)),'Rollback');
--查看表空间状态
selecttablespace_name,extent_management,segment_space_management fromdba_tablespaces;
select table_name,freelists,freelist_groups fromuser_tables;
--查看系统请求情况
SELECT DECODE (name, 'summed dirty write queue length',value)/
DECODE (name, 'write requests', value) "Write RequestLength"
FROM v$sysstat WHERE name IN ( 'summed dirty queue length','write requests') and value>0;
--计算[u][b][u][b]data[/b][/u][/b][/u]buffer命中率
select a.value + b.value "logical_reads", c.value"phys_reads",
round(100 * ((a.value+b.value)-c.value) / (a.value+b.value))"BUFFER HIT RATIO"
from v$sysstat a, v$sysstat b, v$sysstat c
where a.statistic# = 40 and b.statistic# = 41 and c.statistic# =42;
SELECT name,(1-(physical_reads/(db_block_gets+consistent_gets)))*100 H_RATIOFROM v$buffer_pool_statistics;
--查看内存使用情况
select least(max(b.value)/(1024*1024),sum(a.bytes)/(1024*1024))shared_pool_used,
max(b.value)/(1024*1024)shared_pool_size,greatest(max(b.value)/(1024*1024),sum(a.bytes)/(1024*1024))-
(sum(a.bytes)/(1024*1024))shared_pool_avail,((sum(a.bytes)/(1024*1024))/(max(b.value)/(1024*1024)))*100avail_pool_pct
from v$sgastat a, v$parameter b where (a.pool='shared pool' anda.name not in ('free memory')) and b.name='shared_pool_size';
--查看用户使用内存情况
select username, sum(sharable_mem), sum(persistent_mem),sum(runtime_mem)
from sys.v_$sqlarea a, dba_users b
where a.parsing_user_id = b.user_id group by username;
--查看对象的缓存情况
selectOWNER,NAMESPACE,TYPE,NAME,SHARABLE_MEM,LOADS,EXECUTIONS,LOCKS,PINS,KEPT
from v$db_object_cache where type not in ('NOTLOADED','NON-EXISTENT','VIEW','TABLE','SEQUENCE')
and executions>0 and loads>1 andkept='NO' order by owner,namespace,type,executions desc;
select type,count(*) from v$db_object_cache group by type;
--查看库缓存命中率
select namespace,gets, gethitratio*100gethitratio,pins,pinhitratio*100 pinhitratio,RELOADS,INVALIDATIONSfrom v$librarycache
--查看某些用户的hash
select a.username, count(b.hash_value)total_hash,count(b.hash_value)-count(unique(b.hash_value))same_hash,
(count(unique(b.hash_value))/count(b.hash_value))*100u_hash_ratio
from dba_users a, v$sqlarea b where a.user_id=b.parsing_user_idgroup by a.username;
--查看字典命中率
select (sum(getmisses)/sum(gets)) ratio from v$rowcache;
--查看undo段的使用情况
SELECTd.segment_name,extents,optsize,shrinks,aveshrink,aveactive,d.status
FROM v$rollname n,v$rollstat s,dba_rollback_segs d
WHERE d.segment_id=n.usn(+) and d.segment_id=s.usn(+);
--无效的对象
select owner,object_type,object_name from dba_objects wherestatus='INVALID';
select constraint_name,table_name from dba_constraints wherestatus='INVALID';
--求出某个进程，并对它进行跟踪
select s.sid,s.serial# from v$session s,v$process p wheres.paddr=p.addr and p.spid=&1;
execdbms_system.SET_SQL_TRACE_IN_SESSION(&1,&2,true);
execdbms_system.SET_SQL_TRACE_IN_SESSION(&1,&2,false);
--求出锁定的对象
select do.object_name,session_id,process,locked_mode
from v$locked_object lo, dba_objects do wherelo.object_id=do.object_id;
--求当前session的跟踪文件
SELECT p1.value || '/' || p2.value || '_ora_' || p.spid ||'.ora' filename
FROM v$process p, v$session s, v$parameter p1, v$parameterp2
WHERE p1.name = 'user_dump_dest' AND p2.name ='instance_name'
AND p.addr = s.paddr AND s.audsid = USERENV('SESSIONID') ANDp.background is null AND instr(p.program,'CJQ') = 0;
--求对象所在的文件及块号
select segment_name,header_file,header_block
from dba_segments where segment_name like'&1';
--求对象发生事务时回退段及块号
select a.segment_name,a.header_file,a.header_block
from dba_segments a,dba_rollback_segs b
where a.segment_name=b.segment_name andb.segment_id='&1'
--9i的在线重定义表
execdbms_redefinition.can_redef_table('cybercafe','announcement');
create table anno2 as select * from announcement
execdbms_redefinition.start_redef_table('cybercafe','announcement','anno2');
execdbms_redefinition.sync_interim_table('cybercafe','announcement','anno2');
execdbms_redefinition.finish_redef_table('cybercafe','announcement','anno2');
drop table anno2
execdbms_redefinition.abort_redef_table('cybercafe','announcement','anno2');
--常用的logmnr脚本(cybercafe)
exec sys.dbms_logmnr_d.build(dictionary_filename=>'esal',dictionary_location=>'/home/oracle/logmnr');
execsys.dbms_logmnr.add_logfile(logfilename=>'/home/oracle/oradata/esal/archive/1_24050.dbf',ptions=>sys.dbms_logmnr.new);
execsys.dbms_logmnr.add_logfile(logfilename=>'/home/oracle/oradata/esal/archive/1_22912.dbf',ptions=>sys.dbms_logmnr.addfile);
execsys.dbms_logmnr.add_logfile(logfilename=>'/home/oracle/oradata/esal/archive/1_22913.dbf',ptions=>sys.dbms_logmnr.addfile);
execsys.dbms_logmnr.add_logfile(logfilename=>'/home/oracle/oradata/esal/archive/1_22914.dbf',ptions=>sys.dbms_logmnr.addfile);
execsys.dbms_logmnr.start_logmnr(dictfilename=>'/home/oracle/logmnr/esal.ora');
create table logmnr2 as select * from v$logmnr_contents;
死锁问题：1）查找死锁的进程：
sqlplus "/as sysdba"
SELECTs.username,l.OBJECT_ID,l.SESSION_ID,s.SERIAL#,l.ORACLE_USERNAME,
l.OS_USER_NAME,l.PROCESS FROM V$LOCKED_OBJECT l,V$SESSION S WHEREl.SESSION_ID=S.SID;
2）kill掉这个死锁的进程：
alter system kill session 'sid,serial#'; （其中sid=l.session_id）
3）如果还不能解决，
select pro.spid from v$session ses,v$process pro where ses.sid=XXand ses.paddr=pro.addr;
其中sid用死锁的sid替换。
exit
--与权限相关的字典
ALL_COL_PRIVS表示列上的授权，用户和PUBLIC是被授予者
ALL_COL_PRIVS_MADE表示列上的授权，用户是属主和被授予者
ALL_COL_RECD表示列上的授权，用户和PUBLIC是被授予者
ALL_TAB_PRIVS表示对象上的授权，用户是PUBLIC或被授予者或用户是属主
ALL_TAB_PRIVS_MADE表示对象上的权限，用户是属主或授予者
ALL_TAB_PRIVS_RECD表示对象上的权限,用户是PUBLIC或被授予者
DBA_COL_PRIVS数据库列上的所有授权
DBA_ROLE_PRIVS显示已授予用户或其他角色的角色
DBA_SYS_PRIVS已授予用户或角色的系统权限
DBA_TAB_PRIVS数据库对象上的所有权限
ROLE_ROLE_PRIVS显示已授予用户的角色
ROLE_SYS_PRIVS显示通过角色授予用户的系统权限
ROLE_TAB_PRIVS显示通过角色授予用户的对象权限
SESSION_PRIVS显示用户现在可利用的所有系统权限
USER_COL_PRIVS显示列上的权限，用户是属主、授予者或被授予者
USER_COL_PRIVS_MADE显示列上已授予的权限，用户是属主或授予者
USER_COL_PRIVS_RECD显示列上已授予的权限，用户是属主或被授予者
USER_ROLE_PRIVS显示已授予给用户的所有角色
USER_SYS_PRIVS显示已授予给用户的所有系统权限
USER_TAB_PRIVS显示已授予给用户的所有对象权限
USER_TAB_PRIVS_MADE显示已授予给其他用户的对象权限，用户是属主
USER_TAB_PRIVS_RECD显示已授予给其他用户的对象权限，用户是被授予者
--如何用dbms_stats分析表及模式？
execdbms_stats.gather_schema_stats(ownname=>'&USER_NAME',estimate_percent=>dbms_stats.auto_sample_size,
method_opt => 'for all columns sizeauto',degree=> DBMS_STATS.DEFAULT_DEGREE);
execdbms_stats.gather_schema_stats(ownname=>'&USER_NAME',estimate_percent=>dbms_stats.auto_sample_size,cascade=>true);
常用系统表,视图和作用
查看有关用户的信息:dba_users
查看有关角色的信息:dba_roles,dba_role_privs,role_sys_privs
查看有关系统权限的信息:dba_sys_privs
查看当前[u][b][u][b]数据库[/b][/u][/b][/u]表空间状况:dba_tablespaces
查看用户的系统权限:user_sys_privs
查看某个用户对另外一个用户授予的权限:user_tab_privs_made
查看某个用户对另外一个用户授予的列级权限:user_col_privs_made
查看某个用户接受的权限:user_tab_privs_recd
查看某个用户接受的列级权限:user_col_privs_recd
查看有关用户的角色信息:user_role_privs
查看有关授予某个角色的系统权限信息:role_sys_privs
查看有关授予某个角色的对象权限信息:role_tab_privs
查看当前用户所拥有的表信息:user_tables
查看当前用户有权限访问的表信息:all_tables
查看当前用户所拥有的所有表的列信息:user_tab_columns
查看当前用户可以访问的表中的列信息:all_tab_columns
查看当前用户所拥有的所有约束信息:user_constraint
查看当前用户所拥有的所有约束和列的关系:user_cons_constraint
查看表中注释内容:user_tab_comments
查看表中列注释内容：user_col_comments
提供练习的表:dual
查看相关时区的名称和简称:v$timezone_names
V$OPTION:显示已[u][b][u][b]安装[/b][/u][/b][/u]的Oracle选项
select * from v$option;
取得Oracle版本的详细信息
select * from v$version;
取得初始化参数的详细信息
select name,value,description from v$parameter;
取得当前例程的详细信息
select * from v$instance;
1、用户
查看当前用户的缺省表空间
SQL>select username,default_tablespace fromuser_users;
查看当前用户的角色
SQL>select * from user_role_privs;
查看当前用户的系统权限和表级权限
SQL>select * from user_sys_privs;或
select username, default_tablespace, temporary_tablespace, privgranted_role, default_role from dba_users u, (selectgrantee,granted_role priv,default_role from dba_role_privs unionall select grantee,privilege priv,'' from dba_sys_privs c ) r whereu.username
= r.grantee order by username ;
SQL>select * from user_tab_privs;
显示当前会话所具有的权限
SQL>select * from session_privs;
显示指定用户所具有的系统权限
SQL>select * from dba_sys_privs wheregrantee='GAME';
2、表
查看用户下所有的表
SQL>select * from user_tables;
查看名称包含log字符的表
SQL>select object_name,object_id fromuser_objects
where instr(object_name,'LOG')>0;
查看某表的创建时间
SQL>select object_name,created fromuser_objects whereobject_name=upper('&table_name');
查看某表的大小
SQL>select sum(bytes)/(1024*1024) as "size(M)"from user_segments
where segment_name=upper('&table_name');
查看放在ORACLE的内存区里的表
SQL>select table_name,cache from user_tableswhere instr(cache,'Y')>0;
3、索引
查看索引个数和类别
SQL>select index_name,index_type,table_namefrom user_indexes order by table_name;
查看索引被索引的字段
SQL>select * from user_ind_columns whereindex_name=upper('&index_name');
查看索引的大小
SQL>select sum(bytes)/(1024*1024) as "size(M)"from user_segments
where segment_name=upper('&index_name');
4、序列号
查看序列号，last_number是当前值
SQL>select * from user_sequences;
5、视图
查看视图的名称
SQL>select view_name from user_views;
查看创建视图的select语句
SQL>set view_name,text_length fromuser_views;
SQL>set long 2000; 说明：可以根据视图的text_length值设定setlong 的大小
SQL>select text from user_views whereview_name=upper('&view_name');
6、同义词
查看同义词的名称
SQL>select * from user_synonyms;
7、约束条件
查看某表的约束条件
SQL>select constraint_name,constraint_type,search_condition, r_constraint_name
from user_constraints where table_name =upper('&table_name');
SQL>selectc.constraint_name,c.constraint_type,cc.column_name
from user_constraints c,user_cons_columns cc
where c.owner = upper('&table_owner') andc.table_name = upper('&table_name')
and c.owner = cc.owner and c.constraint_name =cc.constraint_name
order by cc.position;
8、存储函数和过程
查看函数和过程的状态
SQL>select object_name,status from user_objectswhere object_type='FUNCTION';
SQL>select object_name,status from user_objectswhere object_type='PROCEDURE';
查看函数和过程的[u][b][u][b]源代码[/b][/u][/b][/u]
SQL>select text from all_source where wner=userand name=upper('&plsql_name');
1. 监控事例的等待
select event,
sum(decode(wait_Time,0,0,1)) "Prev",
sum(decode(wait_Time,0,1,0)) "Curr",
count(*) "Tot"
from v$session_Wait
group by event
order by 4;
2. 回滚段的争用情况
select name, waits, gets, waits/gets "Ratio"
from v$rollstat a, v$rollname b
where a.usn = b.usn;
3. 监控表空间的 I/O 比例
select df.tablespace_name name,df.file_name "file",f.phyrdspyr,
f.phyblkrd pbr,f.phywrts pyw, f.phyblkwrt pbw
from v$filestat f, dba_data_files df
where f.file# = df.file_id
order by df.tablespace_name;
4. 监控文件系统的 I/O 比例
select substr(a.file#,1,2) "#", substr(a.name,1,30) "Name",
a.status, a.bytes, b.phyrds, b.phywrts
from v$datafile a, v$filestat b
where a.file# = b.file#;
5.在某个用户下找所有的索引
select user_indexes.table_name,
user_indexes.index_name,
uniqueness,
column_name
from user_ind_columns, user_indexes
where user_ind_columns.index_name = user_indexes.index_nameand
user_ind_columns.table_name = user_indexes.table_name
order by user_indexes.table_type, user_indexes.table_name,
user_indexes.index_name, column_position;
6. 监控 SGA 的命中率
select a.value + b.value "logical_reads",
c.value "phys_reads",
round(100 * ((a.value+b.value)-c.value) / (a.value+b.value))"BUFFER HIT RATIO"
from v$sysstat a, v$sysstat b, v$sysstat c
where a.statistic# = 38 and b.statistic# = 39 and
c.statistic# = 40;
7. 监控 SGA 中字典缓冲区的命中率
select parameter, gets,Getmisses ,
getmisses/(gets+getmisses)*100 "miss ratio",
(1-(sum(getmisses)/ (sum(gets)+sum(getmisses))))*100 "Hitratio"
from v$rowcache
where gets+getmisses <>0
group by parameter, gets, getmisses;
8. 监控 SGA 中共享缓存区的命中率，应该小于1%
select sum(pins) "Total Pins", sum(reloads) "Total Reloads",
sum(reloads)/sum(pins) *100 libcache
from v$librarycache;
select sum(pinhits-reloads)/sum(pins) "hit radio",
sum(reloads)/sum(pins) "reload percent"
from v$librarycache;
9. 显示所有数据库对象的类别和大小
select type,
count(name) num_instances,
sum(source_size) source_size,
sum(parsed_size) parsed_size,
sum(code_size) code_size,
sum(error_size) error_size,
sum(source_size) +sum(parsed_size) +sum(code_size) +sum(error_size)size_required
from dba_object_size
group by type
order by 1;
10. 监控 SGA 中重做日志缓存区的命中率，应该小于1%
SELECT name, gets, misses, immediate_gets, immediate_misses,
Decode(gets,0,0,misses/gets*100) ratio1,
Decode(immediate_gets+immediate_misses,0,0,
immediate_misses/(immediate_gets+immediate_misses)*100)ratio2
FROM v$latch
WHERE name IN ('redo allocation', 'redo copy');
11. 监控内存和硬盘的排序比率，最好使它小于 .10，增加 sort_area_size
SELECT name, value
FROM v$sysstat
WHERE name IN ('sorts (memory)', 'sorts (disk)');
12. 监控当前数据库谁在运行什么SQL语句
SELECT osuser, username, sql_text
from v$session a, v$sqltext b
where a.sql_address =b.address order by address, piece;
13. 监控字典缓冲区
SELECT (SUM(PINS - RELOADS)) / SUM(PINS) "LIB CACHE"
FROM V$LIBRARYCACHE;
SELECT (SUM(GETS - GETMISSES - USAGE - FIXED)) / SUM(GETS) "ROWCACHE"
FROM V$ROWCACHE;
SELECT SUM(PINS) "EXECUTIONS", SUM(RELOADS) "CACHE MISSES WHILEEXECUTING"
FROM V$LIBRARYCACHE;
后者除以前者,此比率小于1%,接近0%为好。
SELECT SUM(GETS) "DICTIONARY GETS",SUM(GETMISSES) "DICTIONARY CACHEGET MISSES"
FROM V$ROWCACHE;
14. 找ORACLE字符集
select * from sys.props$ where name='NLS_CHARACTERSET';
15. 监控 MTS
select busy/(busy+idle) "shared servers busy" fromv$dispatcher;
此值大于0.5时，参数需加大
select sum(wait)/sum(totalq) "dispatcher waits" from v$queue wheretype='dispatcher';
select count(*) from v$dispatcher;
select servers_highwater from v$mts;
servers_highwater接近mts_max_servers时，参数需加大
16. 碎片程度
select tablespace_name,count(tablespace_name)
from dba_free_space
group by tablespace_name
having count(tablespace_name)>10;
alter tablespace name coalesce;
alter table name deallocate unused;
create or replace view ts_blocks_v as
select tablespace_name,block_id,bytes,blocks,
segment_name
from dba_free_space
union all
select tablespace_name,block_id,bytes,blocks,
segment_name
from dba_extents;
select * from ts_blocks_v;
select tablespace_name,sum(bytes),max(bytes),count(block_id)
from dba_free_space
group by tablespace_name;
查看碎片程度高的表
SELECT segment_name table_name , COUNT(*) extents
FROM dba_segments
WHERE owner NOT IN ('SYS', 'SYSTEM')
GROUP BY segment_name
HAVING COUNT(*) = (SELECT MAX(COUNT(*)) FROM dba_segments GROUP BYsegment_name);
17. 表、索引的存储情况检查
select segment_name,sum(bytes),count(*) ext_quan
from dba_extents
where tablespace_name='&tablespace_name' and
segment_type='TABLE'
group by tablespace_name,segment_name;
select segment_name,count(*)
from dba_extents
where segment_type='INDEX' and wner='&owner'
group by segment_name;
18、找使用CPU多的用户session
12是cpu used by this session
select a.sid,spid,status,substr(a.program,1,40) prog,
a.terminal,osuser,value/60/100 value
from v$session a,v$process b,v$sesstat c
where c.statistic#=12 and
c.sid=a.sid and
a.paddr=b.addr
order by value desc;
19.对可疑/性能不好的[u][b][u][b]Server[/b][/u][/b][/u]Process来进行Trace.,可以用tkprof来分析Trace的结果.比较方便.使用Unix的KSH.
(1) start_trc:
#!/bin/ksh
if (( $# != 1 ))
then
echo Usuage: start_trc pid
fi
sid_serial=$(print "
connect / as sysdba;
set heading off;
set feedback off;
select a.sid,a.serial# from v\$session a,v\$process b wherea.paddr=b.addr and b.spid=$1;
exit;
" | sqlplus -s /nolog | grep -v 'Connected' | sed -e's/\([0-9]\{1,\}\)/\1,/' -e '/^$/d' )
if [[ -z $sid_serial ]]
then
print "Seems that this process $1 is not an Oracle process!"
exit 1
fi
print "
connect / as sysdba;
executedbms_system.set_sql_trace_in_session($sid_serial,true);
exit;
" | sqlplus -s /nolog
(2) stop_trc:
#!/bin/ksh
if (( $# != 1 ))
then
echo Usuage: stop_trc pid
fi
sid_serial=$(print "
connect / as sysdba;
set heading off;
set feedback off;
select a.sid,a.serial# from v\$session a,v\$process b wherea.paddr=b.addr and b.spid=$1;
exit;
" | sqlplus -s /nolog | grep -v 'Connected' | sed -e's/\([0-9]\{1,\}\)/\1,/' -e '/^$/d' )
if [[ -z $sid_serial ]]
then
print "Seems that this process $1 is not an Oracle process!"
exit 1
fi
print "
connect / as sysdba;
executedbms_system.set_sql_trace_in_session($sid_serial,false);
exit;
" | sqlplus -s /nolog
20.查看Lock
SELECT sn.username, m.sid, m.type,
DECODE(m.lmode, 0, 'None',
1, 'Null',
2, 'Row Share',
3, 'Row Excl.',
4, 'Share',
5, 'S/Row Excl.',
6, 'Exclusive',
lmode, ltrim(to_char(lmode,'990'))) lmode,
DECODE(m.request,0, 'None',
1, 'Null',
2, 'Row Share',
3, 'Row Excl.',
4, 'Share',
5, 'S/Row Excl.',
6, 'Exclusive',
request, ltrim(to_char(m.request,'990'))) request,
m.id1, m.id2
FROM v$session sn, v$lock m
WHERE (sn.sid = m.sid AND m.request != 0) OR
( sn.sid = m.sid AND
m.request = 0 AND
lmode != 4 AND
(id1, id2) IN (
SELECT s.id1, s.id2
FROM v$lock s
WHERE request != 0 AND
s.id1 = m.id1 AND
s.id2 = m.id2
)
)
ORDER BY id1, id2, m.request;
select l.sid,s.serial#,s.username,s.terminal,
decode(l.type,'RW','RW - Row Wait Enqueue',
'TM','TM - DML Enqueue',
'TX','TX - Trans Enqueue',
'UL','UL - User',l.type||'System') res,
substr(t.name,1,10) tab,u.name owner,
l.id1,l.id2,
decode(l.lmode,1,'No Lock',
2,'Row Share',
3,'Row Exclusive',
4,'Share',
5,'Shr Row Excl',
6,'Exclusive',null) lmode,
decode(l.request,1,'No Lock',
2,'Row Share',
3,'Row Excl',
4,'Share',
5,'Shr Row Excl',
6,'Exclusive',null) request
from v$lock l, v$session s,
sys.user$ u,sys.obj$ t
where l.sid = s.sid and
s.type != 'BACKGROUND' and
t.obj# = l.id1 and
u.user# = t.owner#;
監控登入登出的用戶:
創建如下的兩張表:
create table login_log -- 登入登出信息表
(
session_id int not null, -- sessionid
login_on_time date, -- 登入時間
login_off_time date, -- 登出時間
user_in_db varchar2(30), -- 登入的db user
machine varchar2(20), -- 機器名
ip_address varchar2(20), -- ip地址
run_program varchar2(20) -- 以何程序登入
);
create table allow_user -- 網域用戶表
(
ip_address varchar2(20), -- ip地址
login_user_name nvarchar2(20) -- 操作者姓名
);
創建如下的兩個觸發器:
create or replace trigger login_on_info -- 紀錄登入信息的觸發器
after logon on database
Begin
insert intologin_log(session_id,login_on_time,login_off_time,user_in_db,machine,ip_address,run_program)
selectAUDSID,sysdate,null,sys.login_user,machine,SYS_CONTEXT('USERENV','IP_ADDRESS')from dual;
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