Rman备份异机恢复指南

环境介绍：

操作系统版本：RHEL5.4 32位

ORALCE版本： 10.2.0.1 32位

ORACLE_SID： orcl

源服务器和目的服务器的操作系统，oracle版本均一致

源服务器：192.168.227.20

目的服务器：192.168.227.30，只需要安装oracle软件即可，不需要建库操作

一：在源服务器上使用rman备份数据库，包括数据文件，归档日志文件和控制文件，参数文件的备份

[oracle@orcl ~]$ mkdir /u01/backup
[oracle@orcl ~]$ rman target /
Recovery Manager: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Tue Sep 6 16:04:53 2011
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
connected to target database: ORCL (DBID=1287906064)

RMAN> run {
2> allocate channel c1 device type disk;
3> backup incremental level 0
4> format '/u01/backup/db_full_%U.bkp'
5> tag '2011-09-06-FULL'
6> database plus archivelog;
7> release channel c1;
8> }
RMAN> backup current controlfile format '/u01/backup/control20110906.bak';
RMAN> backup spfile format '/u01/backup/spfile20110906.bak';

二：在目的服务器上复制备份数据，并准备好相关的目录

[oracle@orcl ~]$ mkdir /u01/backup
[oracle@orcl ~]$ scp -rp 192.168.227.20:/u01/backup/* /u01/backup/
oracle@192.168.227.20's password:
control20110906.bak                           100% 6944KB   1.7MB/s   00:04
db_full_0fmlsmdt_1_1.bkp                      100%   97MB   4.4MB/s   00:22
db_full_0gmlsme5_1_1.bkp                      100%  593MB   9.1MB/s   01:05
db_full_0hmlsmg7_1_1.bkp                      100% 6656     6.5KB/s   00:00
spfile20110906.bak                            100%   96KB  96.0KB/s   00:00

[oracle@orcl ~]$ mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/{adump,bdump,cdump,dpdump,udump,pfile}
[oracle@orcl ~]$ mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl
[oracle@orcl ~]$ mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/flash_recover_area/ORCL

三：在目的服务器上进行恢复

[oracle@orcl ~]$ echo 'db_name=orcl' > $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/initorcl.ora
[oracle@orcl ~]$ export ORACLE_SID=orcl
[oracle@orcl ~]$ rman target /
Recovery Manager: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Tue Sep 6 16:18:19 2011
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
connected to target database (not started)

RMAN> set dbid 1287906064;       //指定DBID，需要和源服务器的DBID一致
RMAN> startup nomount;           //启动数据库到nomount状态，这里需要前面创建initorcl.ora文件，否则将报错
RMAN>  restore spfile from '/u01/backup/spfile20110906.bak';       //恢复参数文件
RMAN> startup nomount force;                                       //重启实例到nomout状态
RMAN> restore controlfile from '/u01/backup/control20110906.bak';  //恢复控制文件
RMAN> restore database;         //还原数据库文件
RMAN> recover database;         //恢复数据库文件，这里将报错
RMAN-03002: failure of recover command at 09/06/2011 17:03:51
RMAN-06054: media recovery requesting unknown log: thread 1 seq 15 lowscn 547974
RMAN> exit

[oracle@orcl ~]$ sqlplus /nolog   //在sqlplus中对数据库进行until cancel操作后以resetlogs方式打开
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Tue Sep 6 17:04:22 2011
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

SQL> conn /as sysdba
Connected.
SQL> recover database using backup controlfile until cancel;
ORA-00279: change 547974 generated at 09/06/2011 16:49:11 needed for thread 1
ORA-00289: suggestion :
/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORCL/archivelog/2011_09_06/o1_mf_1_15_%u_.ar
c
ORA-00280: change 547974 for thread 1 is in sequence #15

Specify log: {<RET>=suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL}
cancel
Media recovery cancelled.
SQL> alter database open resetlogs;

四：测试

SQL> select member from v$logfile;

MEMBER
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo03.log
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo02.log
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo01.log

SQL> select file_name from dba_data_files;

FILE_NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/example01.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/tbs_apple01.dbf
6 rows selected.

SQL> select count(*) from dba_temp_files;
COUNT(*)
----------
1

SQL> select count(*) from hr.employees;

COUNT(*)
----------
107

五：注意事项

RMAN> list incarnation;  //生成一个新的incarnation
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog

List of Database Incarnations
DB Key  Inc Key DB Name  DB ID            STATUS  Reset SCN  Reset Time
------- ------- -------- ---------------- --- ---------- ----------
1       1       ORCL     1287906064       PARENT  1          2005-06-30:19:09:40
2       2       ORCL     1287906064       PARENT  446075     2011-08-25:17:55:31
3       3       ORCL     1287906064       CURRENT 547975     2011-09-06:17:07:09

[oracle@orcl ~]$ emctl start dbconsole  //dbconsole需要重新配置，orapwd文件也需要创建
TZ set to PRC
OC4J Configuration issue. /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/oc4j/j2ee/OC4J_DBConsole_orcl.herostart.com_orcl not found

六：增量备份的异机恢复

1：源服务器

SQL> create user rman_inr identified by "123456" default tablespace users;
User created.
SQL> grant connect,resource to rman_inr;
Grant succeeded.
SQL> create table rman_inr.test as select * from dba_source;
Table created.

RMAN> backup incremental level 1
2> format '/u01/backup/inr1_db_%U' tag 'inr_1'
3> database plus archivelog;

[oracle@orcl ~]$ rman target /
RMAN> backup incremental level 1
2> format '/u01/backup/inr1_db_%U' tag 'inr_1'
3> database plus archivelog;

RMAN> backup current controlfile format '/u01/backup/control02.bak';

[oracle@orcl ~]$ ls -lh /u01/backup/inr1_db_1*
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall  53M Sep  8 16:34 /u01/backup/inr1_db_1omm1ud0_1_1
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall  51M Sep  8 16:35 /u01/backup/inr1_db_1pmm1udk_1_1
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 6.9M Sep  8 16:35 /u01/backup/inr1_db_1qmm1uf2_1_1
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall  11K Sep  8 16:35 /u01/backup/inr1_db_1rmm1uf5_1_1

[oracle@orcl ~]$ scp /u01/backup/inr1_db_1* 192.168.227.30:/u01/backup/
[oracle@orcl ~]$ scp /u01/backup/control02.bak 192.168.227.30:/u01/backup/

2：目标服务器

[oracle@orcl ~]$ sqlplus /nolog
SQL> conn /as sysdba
Connected.
SQL> shutdown immediate;

RMAN> set dbid=1287906064;
RMAN> startup nomount;
RMAN> restore controlfile from '/u01/backup/control02.bak';
RMAN> startup mount force;

RMAN> restore database;
RMAN> recover database;
RMAN-03002: failure of recover command at 09/08/2011 16:46:44
RMAN-06054: media recovery requesting unknown log: thread 1 seq 45 lowscn 598452
RMAN> exit

[oracle@orcl ~]$ sqlplus /nolog
SQL> conn /as sysdba

SQL> recover database using backup controlfile until cancel;
ORA-00279: change 598452 generated at 09/08/2011 16:35:49 needed for thread 1
ORA-00289: suggestion : /u01/arch/orcl/1_45_760125331.arc
ORA-00280: change 598452 for thread 1 is in sequence #45

Specify log: {<RET>=suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL}
cancel
Media recovery cancelled.

SQL> alter database open resetlogs;
Database altered.

3:测试

SQL> conn rman_inr/123456
Connected

SQL> select count(*) from test;

COUNT(*)
----------
292428

本文出自 “斩月” 博客，谢绝转载！