【写给朱大虫的教程】【Ruby on Rails】【006】遵循Rails理念的快速实现

前言：

上两节我们讲了用户的添加、登录……，这一次我们遵循Rails的理念，快速实现用户的注册、登录……

理念：

1、少就是多

2、不要重复制造轮子

开始：

1、新建rails工程

$ rails new r2 -d=mysql

配置Gemfile文件，添加一句：

gem 'devise'             #devise是一个gem包

配置config/database.yml文件，修改适合自己的数据库名、用户名和密码。

$ bundle install

$ rake db:create         #创建数据库

解释：

devise是一个开源的工程，主要用于用户的注册、登录、找回密码、session等等。所谓“不要重复制造轮子”，既然有好的工程，我们就拿来用，直接在Gemfile中作为gem包引入，方便之极。Do you want to know more? https://github.com/plataformatec/devise

2、配置devise

（1）应用devise：

$ rails g devise:install

输出如下：

===============================================================================

Some setup you must do manually if you haven't yet:

1. Setup default url options for your specific environment. Here is an
example of development environment:

config.action_mailer.default_url_options = { :host => 'localhost:3000' }

This is a required Rails configuration. In production it must be the
actual host of your application

2. Ensure you have defined root_url to *something* in your config/routes.rb.
For example:

root :to => "home#index"

3. Ensure you have flash messages in app/views/layouts/application.html.erb.
For example:

<p class="notice"><%= notice %></p>
<p class="alert"><%= alert %></p>

===============================================================================

以上提示，我们后面再做理会！

（2）使用devise创建user model：

$ rails g devise User

发生了什么？

在app/models文件夹下产生了一个user.rb，也就是创建了一个user model

在db/migrate文件夹下产生了一个migrate文件

在config/routes.rb文件中添加了一行 devise_for :users

（3）配置user

编辑app/models/user.rb文件

class User < ActiveRecord::Base
# Include default devise modules. Others available are:
# :token_authenticatable, :encryptable, :confirmable, :lockable, :timeoutable and :omniauthable
devise :database_authenticatable, :registerable,
:recoverable, :rememberable, :trackable, :validatable,     #末尾添加,号
:confirmable, :lockable                 #添加这一行

# Setup accessible (or protected) attributes for your model
attr_accessible :email, :password, :password_confirmation, :remember_me
end

编辑db/migrate/20110726xxxxxx_devise_create_users.rb文件

class DeviseCreateUsers < ActiveRecord::Migration
def self.up
create_table(:users) do |t|
t.database_authenticatable :null => false
t.recoverable
t.rememberable
t.trackable
#添加以下两行
t.confirmable
t.lockable :lock_strategy => :failed_attempts, :unlock_strategy => :both

# t.encryptable
# t.confirmable
# t.lockable :lock_strategy => :failed_attempts, :unlock_strategy => :both
# t.token_authenticatable

t.timestamps
end

add_index :users, :email,                :unique => true
add_index :users, :reset_password_token, :unique => true
#添加以下两行
add_index :users, :confirmation_token,   :unique => true
add_index :users, :unlock_token,         :unique => true
# add_index :users, :confirmation_token,   :unique => true
# add_index :users, :unlock_token,         :unique => true
# add_index :users, :authentication_token, :unique => true
end

def self.down
drop_table :users
end
end

生成数据表：

$ rake db:migrate

（3）配置邮件服务器

编辑config/initializers/devise.rb

# Use this hook to configure devise mailer, warden hooks and so forth. The first
# four configuration values can also be set straight in your models.
Devise.setup do |config|
# ==> Mailer Configuration
# Configure the e-mail address which will be shown in DeviseMailer.
config.mailer_sender = "xxx@126.com"   #换成你的邮箱，最好不要是gmail

# Configure the class responsible to send e-mails.
# config.mailer = "Devise::Mailer"

# ==> ORM configuration
# Load and configure the ORM. Supports :active_record (default) and
# :mongoid (bson_ext recommended) by default. Other ORMs may be
# available as additional gems.
require 'devise/orm/active_record'

# ==> Configuration for any authentication mechanism
# Configure which keys are used when authenticating a user. The default is
# just :email. You can configure it to use [:username, :subdomain], so for
# authenticating a user, both parameters are required. Remember that those
# parameters are used only when authenticating and not when retrieving from
# session. If you need permissions, you should implement that in a before filter.
# You can also supply a hash where the value is a boolean determining whether
# or not authentication should be aborted when the value is not present.
# config.authentication_keys = [ :email ]

# Configure parameters from the request object used for authentication. Each entry
# given should be a request method and it will automatically be passed to the
# find_for_authentication method and considered in your model lookup. For instance,
# if you set :request_keys to [:subdomain], :subdomain will be used on authentication.
# The same considerations mentioned for authentication_keys also apply to request_keys.
# config.request_keys = []

# Configure which authentication keys should be case-insensitive.
# These keys will be downcased upon creating or modifying a user and when used
# to authenticate or find a user. Default is :email.
config.case_insensitive_keys = [ :email ]

# Configure which authentication keys should have whitespace stripped.
# These keys will have whitespace before and after removed upon creating or
# modifying a user and when used to authenticate or find a user. Default is :email.
config.strip_whitespace_keys = [ :email ]

# Tell if authentication through request.params is enabled. True by default.
# config.params_authenticatable = true

# Tell if authentication through HTTP Basic Auth is enabled. False by default.
# config.http_authenticatable = false

# If http headers should be returned for AJAX requests. True by default.
# config.http_authenticatable_on_xhr = true

# The realm used in Http Basic Authentication. "Application" by default.
# config.http_authentication_realm = "Application"

# It will change confirmation, password recovery and other workflows
# to behave the same regardless if the e-mail provided was right or wrong.
# Does not affect registerable.
# config.paranoid = true

# ==> Configuration for :database_authenticatable
# For bcrypt, this is the cost for hashing the password and defaults to 10. If
# using other encryptors, it sets how many times you want the password re-encrypted.
config.stretches = 10

# Setup a pepper to generate the encrypted password.
# config.pepper = "025e837f7ae23e7f4e3b0a3dd048577e3b82c0f803fc4a8bac896303ab40545ab6e47600962cd8075c3122af0c98dba62bd6399604d622579797c282b0b1b2a1"

# ==> Configuration for :confirmable
# The time you want to give your user to confirm his account. During this time
# he will be able to access your application without confirming. Default is 0.days
# When confirm_within is zero, the user won't be able to sign in without confirming.
# You can use this to let your user access some features of your application
# without confirming the account, but blocking it after a certain period
# (ie 2 days).
# config.confirm_within = 2.days

# Defines which key will be used when confirming an account
# config.confirmation_keys = [ :email ]

# ==> Configuration for :rememberable
# The time the user will be remembered without asking for credentials again.
# config.remember_for = 2.weeks

# If true, a valid remember token can be re-used between multiple browsers.
# config.remember_across_browsers = true

# If true, extends the user's remember period when remembered via cookie.
# config.extend_remember_period = false

# If true, uses the password salt as remember token. This should be turned
# to false if you are not using database authenticatable.
config.use_salt_as_remember_token = true

# Options to be passed to the created cookie. For instance, you can set
# :secure => true in order to force SSL only cookies.
# config.cookie_options = {}

# ==> Configuration for :validatable
# Range for password length. Default is 6..128.
# config.password_length = 6..128

# Regex to use to validate the email address
# config.email_regexp = /\A([\w\.%\+\-]+)@([\w\-]+\.)+([\w]{2,})\z/i

# ==> Configuration for :timeoutable
# The time you want to timeout the user session without activity. After this
# time the user will be asked for credentials again. Default is 30 minutes.
# config.timeout_in = 30.minutes

# ==> Configuration for :lockable
# Defines which strategy will be used to lock an account.
# :failed_attempts = Locks an account after a number of failed attempts to sign in.
# :none            = No lock strategy. You should handle locking by yourself.
# config.lock_strategy = :failed_attempts

# Defines which key will be used when locking and unlocking an account
# config.unlock_keys = [ :email ]

# Defines which strategy will be used to unlock an account.
# :email = Sends an unlock link to the user email
# :time  = Re-enables login after a certain amount of time (see :unlock_in below)
# :both  = Enables both strategies
# :none  = No unlock strategy. You should handle unlocking by yourself.
# config.unlock_strategy = :both

# Number of authentication tries before locking an account if lock_strategy
# is failed attempts.
# config.maximum_attempts = 20

# Time interval to unlock the account if :time is enabled as unlock_strategy.
# config.unlock_in = 1.hour

# ==> Configuration for :recoverable
#
# Defines which key will be used when recovering the password for an account
# config.reset_password_keys = [ :email ]

# Time interval you can reset your password with a reset password key.
# Don't put a too small interval or your users won't have the time to
# change their passwords.
config.reset_password_within = 2.hours

# ==> Configuration for :encryptable
# Allow you to use another encryption algorithm besides bcrypt (default). You can use
# :sha1, :sha512 or encryptors from others authentication tools as :clearance_sha1,
# :authlogic_sha512 (then you should set stretches above to 20 for default behavior)
# and :restful_authentication_sha1 (then you should set stretches to 10, and copy
# REST_AUTH_SITE_KEY to pepper)
# config.encryptor = :sha512

# ==> Configuration for :token_authenticatable
# Defines name of the authentication token params key
# config.token_authentication_key = :auth_token

# If true, authentication through token does not store user in session and needs
# to be supplied on each request. Useful if you are using the token as API token.
# config.stateless_token = false

# ==> Scopes configuration
# Turn scoped views on. Before rendering "sessions/new", it will first check for
# "users/sessions/new". It's turned off by default because it's slower if you
# are using only default views.
# config.scoped_views = false

# Configure the default scope given to Warden. By default it's the first
# devise role declared in your routes (usually :user).
# config.default_scope = :user

# Configure sign_out behavior.
# Sign_out action can be scoped (i.e. /users/sign_out affects only :user scope).
# The default is true, which means any logout action will sign out all active scopes.
# config.sign_out_all_scopes = true

# ==> Navigation configuration
# Lists the formats that should be treated as navigational. Formats like
# :html, should redirect to the sign in page when the user does not have
# access, but formats like :xml or :json, should return 401.
#
# If you have any extra navigational formats, like :iphone or :mobile, you
# should add them to the navigational formats lists.
#
# The :"*/*" and "*/*" formats below is required to match Internet
# Explorer requests.
# config.navigational_formats = [:"*/*", "*/*", :html]

# The default HTTP method used to sign out a resource. Default is :delete.
config.sign_out_via = :delete

# ==> OmniAuth
# Add a new OmniAuth provider. Check the wiki for more information on setting
# up on your models and hooks.
# config.omniauth :github, 'APP_ID', 'APP_SECRET', :scope => 'user,public_repo'

# ==> Warden configuration
# If you want to use other strategies, that are not supported by Devise, or
# change the failure app, you can configure them inside the config.warden block.
#
# config.warden do |manager|
#   manager.failure_app   = AnotherApp
#   manager.intercept_401 = false
#   manager.default_strategies(:scope => :user).unshift :some_external_strategy
# end
end

编辑config/environments/development.rb

R2::Application.configure do
# Settings specified here will take precedence over those in config/application.rb

# In the development environment your application's code is reloaded on
# every request.  This slows down response time but is perfect for development
# since you don't have to restart the webserver when you make code changes.
config.cache_classes = false

# Log error messages when you accidentally call methods on nil.
config.whiny_nils = true

# Show full error reports and disable caching
config.consider_all_requests_local       = true
config.action_view.debug_rjs             = true
config.action_controller.perform_caching = false

# Don't care if the mailer can't send
config.action_mailer.raise_delivery_errors = true  #此处改为true
#添加以下内容
config.action_mailer.default_url_options = { :host => "localhost:3000" } #刚才devise的提示中提到这一句
config.action_mailer.delivery_method = :smtp
config.action_mailer.smtp_settings = {
:address => "smtp.126.com",
:port => 25,
:domain => "126.com",
:authentication => :login,
:user_name => "xxx@126.com", #你的邮箱
:password => "xxxxxx" #你的密码
}

# Print deprecation notices to the Rails logger
config.active_support.deprecation = :log

# Only use best-standards-support built into browsers
config.action_dispatch.best_standards_support = :builtin
end

（4）其它配置

随便新建一个home controller

$ rails g controller home index

删除public目录下的index.html文件

修改config/routes.rb文件，添加一句

root :to => "home#index"

编辑app/controllers/home_controller.rb文件

class HomeController < ApplicationController
before_filter :authenticate_user!  #添加这一句

def index
end

end

编辑app/views/layouts/application.html.erb文件

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>R2</title>
<%= stylesheet_link_tag :all %>
<%= javascript_include_tag :defaults %>
<%= csrf_meta_tag %>
</head>
<body>

#添加以下两句
<p class="notice"><%= notice %></p>
<p class="alert"><%= alert %></p>

<%= yield %>

</body>
</html>

3、运行程序

启动工程：

$ rails s

浏览器输入：http://localhost:3000

结果转到了http://localhost:3000/users/sign_in，要求你登录



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点一下链接：



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