演化理解 Android 异步加载图片

在学习"Android异步加载图像小结"这篇文章时, 发现有些地方没写清楚，我就根据我的理解，把这篇文章的代码重写整理了一遍，下面就是我的整理。
下面测试使用的layout文件：
简单来说就是 LinearLayout 布局，其下放了5个ImageView:
view plaincopy to clipboardprint?<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:orientation="vertical" android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="fill_parent">
<TextView android:text="图片区域开始" android:id="@+id/textView2"
android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content"></TextView>
<ImageView android:id="@+id/imageView1"
android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:src="@drawable/icon"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"></ImageView>
<ImageView android:id="@+id/imageView2"
android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:src="@drawable/icon"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"></ImageView>
<ImageView android:id="@+id/imageView3"
android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:src="@drawable/icon"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"></ImageView>
<ImageView android:id="@+id/imageView4"
android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:src="@drawable/icon"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"></ImageView>
<ImageView android:id="@+id/imageView5"
android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:src="@drawable/icon"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"></ImageView>
<TextView android:text="图片区域结束" android:id="@+id/textView1"
android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content"></TextView>
</LinearLayout>

view plaincopy to clipboardprint?package ghj1976.AndroidTest;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URL;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.graphics.drawable.Drawable;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.Handler;
import android.os.SystemClock;
import android.util.Log;
import android.widget.ImageView;

public class MainActivity extends Activity {
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main);
loadImage("http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif", R.id.imageView1);
loadImage(http://www.chinatelecom.com.cn/images/logo_new.gif",
R.id.imageView2);
loadImage("http://cache.soso.com/30d/img/web/logo.gif, R.id.imageView3);
loadImage("http://csdnimg.cn/www/images/csdnindex_logo.gif",
R.id.imageView4);
loadImage("http://images.cnblogs.com/logo_small.gif",
R.id.imageView5);
}

private Handler handler = new Handler();

private void loadImage(final String url, final int id) {
handler.post(new Runnable() {
public void run() {
Drawable drawable = null;
try {
drawable = Drawable.createFromStream(
new URL(url).openStream(), "image.gif");
} catch (IOException e) {
Log.d("test", e.getMessage());
}
if (drawable == null) {
Log.d("test", "null drawable");
} else {
Log.d("test", "not null drawable");
}
// 为了测试缓存而模拟的网络延时

SystemClock.sleep(2000);

((ImageView) MainActivity.this.findViewById(id))
.setImageDrawable(drawable);
}
});
}
}
package ghj1976.AndroidTest;import java.io.IOException;import java.net.URL;import android.app.Activity;import android.graphics.drawable.Drawable;import android.os.Bundle;import android.os.Handler;import android.os.SystemClock;import android.util.Log;import android.widget.ImageView;public class MainActivity extends Activity {@Overridepublic void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);setContentView(R.layout.main);loadImage("http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif", R.id.imageView1);loadImage(http://www.chinatelecom.com.cn/images/logo_new.gif",R.id.imageView2);loadImage("http://cache.soso.com/30d/img/web/logo.gif, R.id.imageView3);loadImage("http://csdnimg.cn/www/images/csdnindex_logo.gif",R.id.imageView4);loadImage("http://images.cnblogs.com/logo_small.gif",R.id.imageView5);}private Handler handler = new Handler();private void loadImage(final String url, final int id) {handler.post(new Runnable() {public void run() {Drawable drawable = null;try {drawable = Drawable.createFromStream(new URL(url).openStream(), "image.gif");} catch (IOException e) {Log.d("test", e.getMessage());}if (drawable == null) {Log.d("test", "null drawable");} else {Log.d("test", "not null drawable");}                                // 为了测试缓存而模拟的网络延时                                 SystemClock.sleep(2000); ((ImageView) MainActivity.this.findViewById(id)).setImageDrawable(drawable);}});}}

Handler+Thread+Message模式

这种模式使用了线程，所以可以看到异步加载的效果。
核心代码：

view plaincopy to clipboardprint?package ghj1976.AndroidTest;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URL;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.graphics.drawable.Drawable;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.Handler;
import android.os.Message;
import android.os.SystemClock;
import android.util.Log;
import android.widget.ImageView;

public class MainActivity extends Activity {
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main);
loadImage2("http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif", R.id.imageView1);
loadImage2("http://www.chinatelecom.com.cn/images/logo_new.gif",
R.id.imageView2);
loadImage2("http://cache.soso.com/30d/img/web/logo.gif", R.id.imageView3);
loadImage2("http://csdnimg.cn/www/images/csdnindex_logo.gif",
R.id.imageView4);
loadImage2("http://images.cnblogs.com/logo_small.gif",
R.id.imageView5);
}

final Handler handler2 = new Handler() {
@Override
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
((ImageView) MainActivity.this.findViewById(msg.arg1))
.setImageDrawable((Drawable) msg.obj);
}
};

// 采用handler+Thread模式实现多线程异步加载
private void loadImage2(final String url, final int id) {
Thread thread = new Thread() {
@Override
public void run() {
Drawable drawable = null;
try {
drawable = Drawable.createFromStream(
new URL(url).openStream(), "image.png");
} catch (IOException e) {
Log.d("test", e.getMessage());
}

// 模拟网络延时
SystemClock.sleep(2000);

Message message = handler2.obtainMessage();
message.arg1 = id;
message.obj = drawable;
handler2.sendMessage(message);
}
};
thread.start();
thread = null;
}

}

view plaincopy to clipboardprint?package ghj1976.AndroidTest;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.graphics.drawable.Drawable;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.Handler;
import android.os.Message;
import android.os.SystemClock;
import android.util.Log;
import android.widget.ImageView;

public class MainActivity extends Activity {
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main);
loadImage3("http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif", R.id.imageView1);
loadImage3("http://www.chinatelecom.com.cn/images/logo_new.gif",
R.id.imageView2);
loadImage3("http://cache.soso.com/30d/img/web/logo.gif",
R.id.imageView3);
loadImage3("http://csdnimg.cn/www/images/csdnindex_logo.gif",
R.id.imageView4);
loadImage3("http://images.cnblogs.com/logo_small.gif",
R.id.imageView5);
}

private Handler handler = new Handler();

private ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(5);

// 引入线程池来管理多线程
private void loadImage3(final String url, final int id) {
executorService.submit(new Runnable() {
public void run() {
try {
final Drawable drawable = Drawable.createFromStream(
new URL(url).openStream(), "image.png");
// 模拟网络延时
SystemClock.sleep(2000);
handler.post(new Runnable() {
public void run() {
((ImageView) MainActivity.this.findViewById(id))
.setImageDrawable(drawable);
}
});
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
});
}
}
package ghj1976.AndroidTest;import java.io.IOException;import java.net.URL;import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;import java.util.concurrent.Executors;import android.app.Activity;import android.graphics.drawable.Drawable;import android.os.Bundle;import android.os.Handler;import android.os.Message;import android.os.SystemClock;import android.util.Log;import android.widget.ImageView;public class MainActivity extends Activity {@Overridepublic void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);setContentView(R.layout.main);loadImage3("http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif", R.id.imageView1);loadImage3("http://www.chinatelecom.com.cn/images/logo_new.gif",R.id.imageView2);loadImage3("http://cache.soso.com/30d/img/web/logo.gif",R.id.imageView3);loadImage3("http://csdnimg.cn/www/images/csdnindex_logo.gif",R.id.imageView4);loadImage3("http://images.cnblogs.com/logo_small.gif",R.id.imageView5);}private Handler handler = new Handler();private ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(5);// 引入线程池来管理多线程private void loadImage3(final String url, final int id) {executorService.submit(new Runnable() {public void run() {try {final Drawable drawable = Drawable.createFromStream(new URL(url).openStream(), "image.png");// 模拟网络延时SystemClock.sleep(2000);handler.post(new Runnable() {public void run() {((ImageView) MainActivity.this.findViewById(id)).setImageDrawable(drawable);}});} catch (Exception e) {throw new RuntimeException(e);}}});}}

这里我们象第一步一样使用了 handler.post(new Runnable() { 更新前段显示当然是在UI主线程，我们还有 executorService.submit(new Runnable() { 来确保下载是在线程池的线程中。

Handler+ExecutorService(线程池)+MessageQueue+缓存模式

下面比起前一个做了几个改造:
把整个代码封装在一个类中
为了避免出现同时多次下载同一幅图的问题,使用了本地缓存
封装的类:

view plaincopy to clipboardprint?package ghj1976.AndroidTest;

import java.lang.ref.SoftReference;
import java.net.URL;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;

import android.graphics.drawable.Drawable;
import android.os.Handler;
import android.os.SystemClock;

public class AsyncImageLoader3 {
// 为了加快速度，在内存中开启缓存（主要应用于重复图片较多时，或者同一个图片要多次被访问，比如在ListView时来回滚动）
public Map<String, SoftReference<Drawable>> imageCache = new HashMap<String, SoftReference<Drawable>>();

private ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(5); // 固定五个线程来执行任务
private final Handler handler = new Handler();

/**
*
* @param imageUrl
* 图像url地址
* @param callback
* 回调接口
* @return 返回内存中缓存的图像，第一次加载返回null
*/
public Drawable loadDrawable(final String imageUrl,
final ImageCallback callback) {
// 如果缓存过就从缓存中取出数据
if (imageCache.containsKey(imageUrl)) {
SoftReference<Drawable> softReference = imageCache.get(imageUrl);
if (softReference.get() != null) {
return softReference.get();
}
}
// 缓存中没有图像，则从网络上取出数据，并将取出的数据缓存到内存中
executorService.submit(new Runnable() {
public void run() {
try {
final Drawable drawable = loadImageFromUrl(imageUrl);

imageCache.put(imageUrl, new SoftReference<Drawable>(
drawable));

handler.post(new Runnable() {
public void run() {
callback.imageLoaded(drawable);
}
});
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
});
return null;
}

// 从网络上取数据方法
protected Drawable loadImageFromUrl(String imageUrl) {
try {
// 测试时，模拟网络延时，实际时这行代码不能有
SystemClock.sleep(2000);

return Drawable.createFromStream(new URL(imageUrl).openStream(),
"image.png");

} catch (Exception e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}

// 对外界开放的回调接口
public interface ImageCallback {
// 注意 此方法是用来设置目标对象的图像资源
public void imageLoaded(Drawable imageDrawable);
}
}

view plaincopy to clipboardprint?package ghj1976.AndroidTest;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.graphics.drawable.Drawable;
import android.os.Bundle;

import android.widget.ImageView;

public class MainActivity extends Activity {
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main);
loadImage4("http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif", R.id.imageView1);
loadImage4("http://www.chinatelecom.com.cn/images/logo_new.gif",
R.id.imageView2);
loadImage4("http://cache.soso.com/30d/img/web/logo.gif",
R.id.imageView3);
loadImage4("http://csdnimg.cn/www/images/csdnindex_logo.gif",
R.id.imageView4);
loadImage4("http://images.cnblogs.com/logo_small.gif",
R.id.imageView5);
}

private AsyncImageLoader3 asyncImageLoader3 = new AsyncImageLoader3();

// 引入线程池，并引入内存缓存功能,并对外部调用封装了接口，简化调用过程
private void loadImage4(final String url, final int id) {
// 如果缓存过就会从缓存中取出图像，ImageCallback接口中方法也不会被执行
Drawable cacheImage = asyncImageLoader3.loadDrawable(url,
new AsyncImageLoader3.ImageCallback() {
// 请参见实现：如果第一次加载url时下面方法会执行
public void imageLoaded(Drawable imageDrawable) {
((ImageView) findViewById(id))
.setImageDrawable(imageDrawable);
}
});
if (cacheImage != null) {
((ImageView) findViewById(id)).setImageDrawable(cacheImage);
}
}

}
package ghj1976.AndroidTest;import android.app.Activity;import android.graphics.drawable.Drawable;import android.os.Bundle;import android.widget.ImageView;public class MainActivity extends Activity {@Overridepublic void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);setContentView(R.layout.main);loadImage4("http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif", R.id.imageView1);loadImage4("http://www.chinatelecom.com.cn/images/logo_new.gif",R.id.imageView2);loadImage4("http://cache.soso.com/30d/img/web/logo.gif",R.id.imageView3);loadImage4("http://csdnimg.cn/www/images/csdnindex_logo.gif",R.id.imageView4);loadImage4("http://images.cnblogs.com/logo_small.gif",R.id.imageView5);}private AsyncImageLoader3 asyncImageLoader3 = new AsyncImageLoader3();// 引入线程池，并引入内存缓存功能,并对外部调用封装了接口，简化调用过程private void loadImage4(final String url, final int id) {// 如果缓存过就会从缓存中取出图像，ImageCallback接口中方法也不会被执行Drawable cacheImage = asyncImageLoader3.loadDrawable(url,new AsyncImageLoader3.ImageCallback() {// 请参见实现：如果第一次加载url时下面方法会执行public void imageLoaded(Drawable imageDrawable) {((ImageView) findViewById(id)).setImageDrawable(imageDrawable);}});if (cacheImage != null) {((ImageView) findViewById(id)).setImageDrawable(cacheImage);}}}