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LVM逻辑卷管理

2011-07-06 13:59 393 查看
LVM———Logical Volume Manager(逻辑卷管理器)的简写。LVM可以帮助我们为应用与用户方便地分配存储空间。在LVM管理下的逻辑卷可以按需改变大小或添加移除。LVM也允许按用户组对存储卷进行管理，允许管理员用更直观的名称(如"sales','development')代替物理磁盘(如'sda','sdb')来标识存储卷。
[align=center]传统分区概念[/align]
[align=center]LVM逻辑卷管理[/align]
磁盘空间独立性不能充分利用，尤其是一个FS只能对应一个分区多磁盘PV组成存储池VG，再根据应用细分逻辑卷LV，空间利用率提高
空间扩展性重新分区采取静态或动态在线扩展卷组容量
数据备份业务繁忙时，I/O接口读写频繁可采取快照方式捕捉某一逻辑卷的瞬间精确拷贝已完成在线备份工作
用户使用性分区标识无法满足大量用户要求可根据用户需求定义lv逻辑卷的卷标
一、创建LVM的准备工作

1.搭建环境：OS:RHEL5.3

LVM包

IDE磁盘/dev/hdb(1024MB),/dev/hdd(1024MB)

2.转换磁盘分区——>lvm卷分区

最终方案：/dev/hdb ——> 创建 /dev/hdb1(Id:5,System:Extended)

/dev/hdb5(Id:8e,System:Linux LVM)

/dev/hdd ——> 创建 /dev/hdd1(Id:5,System:Extended)

/dev/hdd5(Id:8e,System:Linux LVM)

操作：(仅以/dev/hdb为例)
#fdisk /dev/hdb

#p(显示分区情况)——>#n(新建分区)——>#e(创建扩展分区)——>#l(创建逻辑分区)

#此处为实验环境方便后面的增减操作，所以我们将/dev/hdb全部划分为一个分区

#t(设置磁盘Hex code)——>#8e(LinuxLVM)——>#w(保存操作)

#p
Disk /dev/hdb: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes

16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2080 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes

Device Boot      Start     End      Blocks      Id     System

/dev/hdb1          1       2080     1048288+     5     Extended

/dev/hdb5          1       2080     1048257      8e    Linux LVM

 #partprobe (此命令让kernel会重新读取磁盘分区表，修改生效)
二、创建LVM

1.创建PV盘

方案： /dev/hdb ——> lvm2[1024MB]

/dev/hdd ——> lvm2[1024MB]
操作:
#pvcreate /dev/hdb5 /dev/hdd5

#pvscan

#pvdisplay
"/dev/hdb5" is a new physical volume of "1023.69 MB"

--- NEW Physical volume ---

PV Name /dev/hdb5

VG Name

PV Size 1023.69 MB

Allocatable NO

PE Size (KByte) 0

Total PE 0

Free PE 0

Allocated PE 0

PV UUID zM7103-SJg4-ZjOb-BeL0-dlR1-HHh6-HCG8kG
"/dev/hdd5" is a new physical volume of "1023.69 MB"

--- NEW Physical volume ---

PV Name /dev/hdd5

VG Name

PV Size 1023.69 MB

Allocatable NO

PE Size (KByte) 0

Total PE 0

Free PE 0

Allocated PE 0

PV UUID hAk1Dx-QulA-YV4G-p8wa-7sWw-FiaC-10GorS
2.创建VG存储池

方案： lvm2(/dev/hdb)——> vg1

lvm2(/dev/hdd)——> vg2

操作：
#vgcreate vg1 /dev/hdb5

#vgcreate vg2 /dev/hdd5

#vgscan

#vgdisplay
--- Volume group ---

VG Name vg2

System ID

Format lvm2

Metadata Areas 1

Metadata Sequence No 1

VG Access read/write

VG Status resizable

MAX LV 0

Cur LV 0

Open LV 0

Max PV 0

Cur PV 1

Act PV 1

VG Size 1020.00 MB

PE Size 4.00 MB

Total PE 255

Alloc PE / Size 0 / 0

Free PE / Size 255 / 1020.00 MB

VG UUID Wa4Jo8-k3xY-BTng-uV6j-0Ee1-Vp8b-fNVrhQ
--- Volume group ---

VG Name vg1

System ID

Format lvm2

Metadata Areas 1

Metadata Sequence No 1

VG Access read/write

VG Status resizable

MAX LV 0

Cur LV 0

Open LV 0

Max PV 0

Cur PV 1

Act PV 1

VG Size 1020.00 MB

PE Size 4.00 MB

Total PE 255

Alloc PE / Size 0 / 0

Free PE / Size 255 / 1020.00 MB

VG UUID UGjfZd-shth-ZRTU-sVVm-MD0s-wzVB-zd7Uwt
3.分配LV逻辑卷

方案： work(/dev/hdb5)——> vg1

Study(/dev/hdd5)——> vg2

操作：
#lvcreate –L 500M –n work vg1

#lvcreate –L 500M –n study vg2

#lvscan

#lvdisplay

--- Logical volume ---

LV Name                /dev/vg2/study

VG Name                vg2

LV UUID                53VT9v-dyp0-lSST-eDFz-w2Ns-Os0Z-ERnqVU

LV Write Access        read/write

LV Status              available

# open                 0

  LV Size            500.00 MB

Current LE         125

Segments               1

Allocation             inherit

Read ahead sectors     auto

- currently set to     256

Block device           253:1

--- Logical volume ---

LV Name                /dev/vg1/work

VG Name                vg1

LV UUID                lhgKVg-hi95-W9gw-wOkZ-uyuy-BgZp-RrsCcA

LV Write Access        read/write

LV Status              available

# open                 0

  LV Size            500.00 MB

Current LE         125

Segments               1

Allocation             inherit

Read ahead sectors     auto

- currently set to     256

Block device           253:0

4.分区格式化
#mkfs.ext3 /dev/vg1/work         //或 #mkfs -j /dev/vg1/work

#mkfs.ext3 /dev/vg2/study        //...

#df –l

Disk /dev/hda: 8589 MB, 8589934592 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1044 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Device Boot Start End  Blocks   Id System

/dev/hda1 *    1    32   257008+  83  Linux

/dev/hda2     33    97   522112+  83  Linux

/dev/hda3     98    358  2096482+ 83  Linux

/dev/hda4     359   1044 5510295  5  Extended

/dev/hda5     359   549  1534176  83  Linux

/dev/hda6     550   848  2401686  83  Linux

/dev/hda7     849   913  522081   82  Linux swap / Solaris

/dev/hda8     914   978  522081   83  Linux

/dev/hda9     979   1043 522081   83  Linux

Disk /dev/hdb: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes

16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2080 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes

Device Boot Start End   Blocks Id System

/dev/hdb1       1    2080 1048288+ 5 Extended

/dev/hdb5     1    2080 1048257 8e Linux LVM

Disk /dev/hdd: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes

16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2080 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes

Device   Boot Start End   Blocks  Id  System

/dev/hdd1       1   2080 1048288+  5   Extended

/dev/hdd5     1   2080 1048257   8e  Linux LVM

5.挂载新分区

#mkdir ../home/work ../home/study

#mount ../dev/vg1/work ../home/work

#mount ../dev/vg2/study ../home/study

#df –Th

Filesystem  Type  Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on

/dev/hda2   ext3 494M 212M 257M  46%   /

/dev/hda9   ext3 494M 45M 425M   10%   /var

/dev/hda8   ext3 494M 11M 458M   3%    /opt

/dev/hda6   ext3 2.3G 68M 2.1G   4%    /home

/dev/hda3   ext3 2.0G 1.7G 182M  91%   /usr

/dev/hda5   ext3 1.5G 35M 1.4G   3%    /usr/local

/dev/hda1   ext3 244M 12M 219M   6%    /boot

tmpfs       tmpfs 125M 0  125M   0%    /dev/shm

/dev/mapper/vg1-work

ext3  485M 11M 449M  3%    /home/work

/dev/mapper/vg2-study

ext3  485M 11M 449M  3%    /home/study

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