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转 : Android中Message机制的灵活应用

2011-04-28 21:41 477 查看
原文出自:http://qaohao.javaeye.com/blog/509145

1.活用Android线程间通信的Message机制
1.1.Message
代码在frameworks/base/core/java/android/Os/Message.java中。
Message.obtain函数:有多个obtain函数,主要功能一样,只是参数不一样。作用是从Message Pool中取出一个Message,如果Message Pool中已经没有Message可取则新建一个Message返回,同时用对应的参数给得到的Message对象赋值。
Message Pool:大小为10个;通过Message.mPool->(Message并且Message.next)-> (Message并且Message.next)-> (Message并且Message.next)...构造一个Message Pool。Message Pool的第一个元素直接new出来,然后把Message.mPool(static类的static变量)指向它。其他的元素都是使用完的 Message通过Message的recycle函数清理后放到Message Pool(通过Message Pool最后一个Message的next指向需要回收的Message的方式实现)。下图为Message Pool的结构:



1.2.MessageQueue
MessageQueue里面有一个收到的Message的对列:
MessageQueue.mMessages(static变量)->( Message并且Message.next)-> ( Message并且Message.next)->...,下图为接收消息的消息队列:



上层代码通过Handler的sendMessage等函数放入一个message到MessageQueue里面时最终会调用MessageQueue的 enqueueMessage函数。enqueueMessage根据上面的接收的Message的队列的构造把接收到的Message放入队列中。
MessageQueue的removeMessages函数根据上面的接收的Message的队列的构造把接收到的Message从队列中删除,并且调用对应Message对象的recycle函数把不用的Message放入Message Pool中。
1.3.Looper
Looper对象的创建是通过prepare函数,而且每一个Looper对象会和一个线程关联
Java代码






public static final void prepare() {  
if (sThreadLocal.get() != null) {  
throw new RuntimeException("Only one Looper may be created per thread");  
    }  
    sThreadLocal.set(new Looper());  

public static final void prepare() {
if (sThreadLocal.get() != null) {
throw new RuntimeException("Only one Looper may be created per thread");
}
sThreadLocal.set(new Looper());
}


Looper对象创建时会创建一个MessageQueue,主线程默认会创建一个Looper从而有MessageQueue,其他线程默认是没有 MessageQueue的不能接收Message,如果需要接收Message则需要通过prepare函数创建一个MessageQueue。具体操作请见示例代码。

Java代码







private Looper() {  

    mQueue = new MessageQueue();  

    mRun = true;  

    mThread = Thread.currentThread();  



private Looper() {
mQueue = new MessageQueue();
mRun = true;
mThread = Thread.currentThread();
}


prepareMainLooper函数只给主线程调用(系统处理,程序员不用处理),它会调用prepare建立Looper对象和MessageQueue。

Java代码







public static final void prepareMainLooper() {  

    prepare();  

    setMainLooper(myLooper());  

if (Process.supportsProcesses()) {  

        myLooper().mQueue.mQuitAllowed = false;  

    }  



public static final void prepareMainLooper() {
prepare();
setMainLooper(myLooper());
if (Process.supportsProcesses()) {
myLooper().mQueue.mQuitAllowed = false;
}
}


Loop函数从MessageQueue中从前往后取出Message,然后通过Handler的dispatchMessage函数进行消息的处理(可见消息的处理是Handler负责的),消息处理完了以后通过Message对象的recycle函数放到Message Pool中,以便下次使用,通过Pool的处理提供了一定的内存管理从而加速消息对象的获取。至于需要定时处理的消息如何做到定时处理,请见 MessageQueue的next函数,它在取Message来进行处理时通过判断MessageQueue里面的Message是否符合时间要求来决定是否需要把Message取出来做处理,通过这种方式做到消息的定时处理。

Java代码







public static final void loop() {  

    Looper me = myLooper();  

    MessageQueue queue = me.mQueue;  

while (true) {  

        Message msg = queue.next(); // might block

//if (!me.mRun) {

//    break;

//}

if (msg != null) {  

if (msg.target == null) {  

// No target is a magic identifier for the quit message

return;  

            }  

if (me.mLogging!= null)   

                me.mLogging.println(">>>>> Dispatching to " + msg.target + " "+ msg.callback + ": " + msg.what);  

            msg.target.dispatchMessage(msg);  

if (me.mLogging!= null)   

                me.mLogging.println("<<<<< Finished to" + msg.target + " "+ msg.callback);  

            msg.recycle();  

        }  

    }  



public static final void loop() {
Looper me = myLooper();
MessageQueue queue = me.mQueue;
while (true) {
Message msg = queue.next(); // might block
//if (!me.mRun) {
//    break;
//}
if (msg != null) {
if (msg.target == null) {
// No target is
4000
a magic identifier for the quit message
return;
}

if (me.mLogging!= null)
me.mLogging.println(">>>>> Dispatching to " + msg.target + " "+ msg.callback + ": " + msg.what);
msg.target.dispatchMessage(msg);
if (me.mLogging!= null)
me.mLogging.println("<<<<< Finished to" + msg.target + " "+ msg.callback);
msg.recycle();
}
}
}


1.4.Handler

Handler的构造函数表示Handler会有成员变量指向Looper和MessageQueue,后面我们会看到没什么需要这些引用;至于callback是实现了Callback接口的对象,后面会看到这个对象的作用。

Java代码







public Handler(Looper looper, Callback callback) {  

    mLooper = looper;  

    mQueue = looper.mQueue;  

    mCallback = callback;  

}  

public interface Callback {  

public boolean handleMessage(Message msg);  



public Handler(Looper looper, Callback callback) {
mLooper = looper;
mQueue = looper.mQueue;
mCallback = callback;
}

public interface Callback {
public boolean handleMessage(Message msg);
}


获取消息:直接通过Message的obtain方法获取一个Message对象。

Java代码







public final Message obtainMessage(int what, int arg1, int arg2, Object obj){  

return Message.obtain(this, what, arg1, arg2, obj);  



public final Message obtainMessage(int what, int arg1, int arg2, Object obj){
return Message.obtain(this, what, arg1, arg2, obj);
}


发送消息:通过MessageQueue的enqueueMessage把Message对象放到MessageQueue的接收消息队列中

Java代码







public boolean sendMessageAtTime(Message msg, long uptimeMillis){  

boolean sent = false;  

    MessageQueue queue = mQueue;  

if (queue != null) {  

        msg.target = this;  

    sent = queue.enqueueMessage(msg, uptimeMillis);  

    } else {  

        RuntimeException e = new RuntimeException(this + " sendMessageAtTime() called with no mQueue");  

        Log.w("Looper", e.getMessage(), e);  

    }  

return sent;  



public boolean sendMessageAtTime(Message msg, long uptimeMillis){
boolean sent = false;
MessageQueue queue = mQueue;
if (queue != null) {
msg.target = this;
sent = queue.enqueueMessage(msg, uptimeMillis);
} else {
RuntimeException e = new RuntimeException(this + " sendMessageAtTime() called with no mQueue");
Log.w("Looper", e.getMessage(), e);
}
return sent;
}


线程如何处理MessageQueue中接收的消息:在Looper的loop函数中循环取出MessageQueue的接收消息队列中的消息,然后调用 Hander的dispatchMessage函数对消息进行处理,至于如何处理(相应消息)则由用户指定(三个方法,优先级从高到低:Message里面的Callback,一个实现了Runnable接口的对象,其中run函数做处理工作;Handler里面的mCallback指向的一个实现了 Callback接口的对象,里面的handleMessage进行处理;处理消息Handler对象对应的类继承并实现了其中 handleMessage函数,通过这个实现的handleMessage函数处理消息)。

Java代码







public void dispatchMessage(Message msg) {  

if (msg.callback != null) {  

        handleCallback(msg);  

    } else {  

if (mCallback != null) {  

if (mCallback.handleMessage(msg)) {  

return;  

            }  

        }  

        handleMessage(msg);  

    }  



public void dispatchMessage(Message msg) {
if (msg.callback != null) {
handleCallback(msg);
} else {
if (mCallback != null) {
if (mCallback.handleMessage(msg)) {
return;
}
}
handleMessage(msg);
}
}


Runnable说明:Runnable只是一个接口,实现了这个接口的类对应的对象也只是个普通的对象,并不是一个Java中的Thread。Thread类经常使用Runnable,很多人有误解,所以这里澄清一下。

从上可知以下关系图:



其中清理Message是Looper里面的loop函数指把处理过的Message放到Message的Pool里面去,如果里面已经超过最大值10个,则丢弃这个Message对象。

调用Handler是指Looper里面的loop函数从MessageQueue的接收消息队列里面取出消息,然后根据消息指向的Handler对象调用其对应的处理方法。

1.5.代码示例

下面我们会以android实例来展示对应的功能,程序界面于下:



程序代码如下,后面部分有代码说明:

Java代码







package com.android.messageexample;  

import android.app.Activity;  

import android.content.Context;  

import android.graphics.Color;  

import android.os.Bundle;  

import android.os.Handler;  

import android.os.Looper;  

import android.os.Message;  

import android.util.Log;  

import android.view.View;  

import android.view.View.OnClickListener;  

import android.widget.Button;  

import android.widget.LinearLayout;  

import android.widget.TextView;  

public class MessageExample extends Activity implements OnClickListener {  

private final int WC = LinearLayout.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT;  

private final int FP = LinearLayout.LayoutParams.FILL_PARENT;  

public TextView tv;  

private EventHandler mHandler;  

private Handler mOtherThreadHandler=null;  

private Button btn, btn2, btn3, btn4, btn5, btn6;  

private NoLooperThread noLooerThread = null;  

private OwnLooperThread ownLooperThread = null;  

private ReceiveMessageThread receiveMessageThread =null;  

private Context context = null;  

private final String sTag = "MessageExample";  

private boolean postRunnable = false;  

/** Called when the activity is first created. */

@Override

public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {  

super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);  

        context = this.getApplicationContext();  

        LinearLayout layout = new LinearLayout(this);  

        layout.setOrientation(LinearLayout.VERTICAL);  

        btn = new Button(this);  

        btn.setId(101);  

        btn.setText("message from main thread self");  

        btn.setOnClickListener(this);  

        LinearLayout.LayoutParams param =  

new LinearLayout.LayoutParams(250,50);  

        param.topMargin = 10;  

        layout.addView(btn, param);  

        btn2 = new Button(this);  

        btn2.setId(102);  

        btn2.setText("message from other thread to main thread");  

        btn2.setOnClickListener(this);  

        layout.addView(btn2, param);  

        btn3 = new Button(this);  

        btn3.setId(103);  

        btn3.setText("message to other thread from itself");  

        btn3.setOnClickListener(this);  

        layout.addView(btn3, param);  

        btn4 = new Button(this);  

        btn4.setId(104);  

        btn4.setText("message with Runnable as callback from other thread to main thread");  

        btn4.setOnClickListener(this);  

        layout.addView(btn4, param);  

        btn5 = new Button(this);  

        btn5.setId(105);  

        btn5.setText("main thread's message to other thread");  

        btn5.setOnClickListener(this);  

        layout.addView(btn5, param);  

        btn6 = new Button(this);  

        btn6.setId(106);  

        btn6.setText("exit");  

        btn6.setOnClickListener(this);  

        layout.addView(btn6, param);  

        tv = new TextView(this);  

        tv.setTextColor(Color.WHITE);  

        tv.setText("");  

        LinearLayout.LayoutParams param2 =  

new LinearLayout.LayoutParams(FP, WC);  

        param2.topMargin = 10;  

        layout.addView(tv, param2);  

        setContentView(layout);       

//主线程要发送消息给other thread, 这里创建那个other thread

  receiveMessageThread = new ReceiveMessageThread();  

  receiveMessageThread.start();  

    }  

//implement the OnClickListener interface

@Override

public void onClick(View v) {  

switch(v.getId()){  

case 101:  

//主线程发送消息给自己

   Looper looper;  

   looper = Looper.myLooper();  //get the Main looper related with the main thread

//如果不给任何参数的话会用当前线程对应的Looper(这里就是Main Looper)为Handler里面的成员mLooper赋值

   mHandler = new EventHandler(looper);   

//mHandler = new EventHandler();

// 清除整个MessageQueue里的消息

   mHandler.removeMessages(0);  

   String obj = "This main thread's message and received by itself!";  

//得到Message对象

   Message m = mHandler.obtainMessage(1, 1, 1, obj);  

// 将Message对象送入到main thread的MessageQueue里面

   mHandler.sendMessage(m);  

break;  

case 102:      

//other线程发送消息给主线程

   postRunnable = false;  

   noLooerThread = new NoLooperThread();  

   noLooerThread.start();  

break;  

case 103:    

//other thread获取它自己发送的消息

   tv.setText("please look at the error level log for other thread received message");  

   ownLooperThread = new OwnLooperThread();  

   ownLooperThread.start();  

break;   

case 104:       

//other thread通过Post Runnable方式发送消息给主线程

   postRunnable = true;  

   noLooerThread = new NoLooperThread();  

   noLooerThread.start();  

break;  

case 105:       

//主线程发送消息给other thread

if(null!=mOtherThreadHandler){  

    tv.setText("please look at the error level log for other thread received message from main thread");  

    String msgObj = "message from mainThread";  

    Message mainThreadMsg = mOtherThreadHandler.obtainMessage(1, 1, 1, msgObj);  

    mOtherThreadHandler.sendMessage(mainThreadMsg);  

   }  

break;  

case 106:  

   finish();  

break;  

  }  

}  

class EventHandler extends Handler  

{  

public EventHandler(Looper looper) {  

super(looper);  

  }  

public EventHandler() {  

super();  

  }  

public void handleMessage(Message msg) {  

//可以根据msg.what执行不同的处理,这里没有这么做

switch(msg.what){  

case 1:  

    tv.setText((String)msg.obj);  

break;  

case 2:  

    tv.setText((String)msg.obj);  

    noLooerThread.stop();  

break;  

case 3:  

//不能在非主线程的线程里面更新UI,所以这里通过Log打印收到的消息

    Log.e(sTag, (String)msg.obj);  

    ownLooperThread.stop();  

break;  

default:  

//不能在非主线程的线程里面更新UI,所以这里通过Log打印收到的消息

    Log.e(sTag, (String)msg.obj);  

break;  

   }  

  }  

}  

//NoLooperThread

class NoLooperThread extends Thread{  

private EventHandler mNoLooperThreadHandler;  

public void run() {  

   Looper myLooper, mainLooper;  

   myLooper = Looper.myLooper();  

   mainLooper = Looper.getMainLooper();    //这是一个static函数

   String obj;  

if(myLooper == null){  

    mNoLooperThreadHandler = new EventHandler(mainLooper);  

    obj = "NoLooperThread has no looper and handleMe
ea69
ssage function executed in main thread!";  

   }  

else {  

    mNoLooperThreadHandler = new EventHandler(myLooper);  

    obj = "This is from NoLooperThread self and handleMessage function executed in NoLooperThread!";  

   }  

   mNoLooperThreadHandler.removeMessages(0);  

if(false == postRunnable){  

//send message to main thread

    Message m = mNoLooperThreadHandler.obtainMessage(2, 1, 1, obj);  

    mNoLooperThreadHandler.sendMessage(m);  

    Log.e(sTag, "NoLooperThread id:" + this.getId());  

   }else{  

//下面new出来的实现了Runnable接口的对象中run函数是在Main Thread中执行,不是在NoLooperThread中执行

//注意Runnable是一个接口,它里面的run函数被执行时不会再新建一个线程

//您可以在run上加断点然后在eclipse调试中看它在哪个线程中执行

    mNoLooperThreadHandler.post(new Runnable(){    

@Override

public void run() {    

      tv.setText("update UI through handler post runnalbe mechanism!");  

      noLooerThread.stop();  

     }    

    });    

   }  

  }  

}  

//OwnLooperThread has his own message queue by execute Looper.prepare();

class OwnLooperThread extends Thread{  

private EventHandler mOwnLooperThreadHandler;  

public void run() {  

   Looper.prepare();   

   Looper myLooper, mainLooper;  

   myLooper = Looper.myLooper();  

   mainLooper = Looper.getMainLooper();    //这是一个static函数

   String obj;  

if(myLooper == null){  

    mOwnLooperThreadHandler = new EventHandler(mainLooper);  

    obj = "OwnLooperThread has no looper and handleMessage function executed in main thread!";  

   }  

else {  

    mOwnLooperThreadHandler = new EventHandler(myLooper);  

    obj = "This is from OwnLooperThread self and handleMessage function executed in NoLooperThread!";  

   }  

   mOwnLooperThreadHandler.removeMessages(0);  

//给自己发送消息

   Message m = mOwnLooperThreadHandler.obtainMessage(3, 1, 1, obj);  

   mOwnLooperThreadHandler.sendMessage(m);  

   Looper.loop();   

  }  

}  

//ReceiveMessageThread has his own message queue by execute Looper.prepare();

class ReceiveMessageThread extends Thread{  

public void run() {  

   Looper.prepare();  

   mOtherThreadHandler = new Handler(){  

public void handleMessage(Message msg) {  

     Log.e(sTag, (String)msg.obj);  

    }  

   };  

   Looper.loop();  

  }  

}  



package com.android.messageexample;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.Context;
import android.graphics.Color;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.Handler;
import android.os.Looper;
import android.os.Message;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.LinearLayout;
import android.widget.TextView;
public class MessageExample extends Activity implements OnClickListener {
private final int WC = LinearLayout.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT;     private final int FP = LinearLayout.LayoutParams.FILL_PARENT;     public TextView tv;     private EventHandler mHandler;     private Handler mOtherThreadHandler=null;     private Button btn, btn2, btn3, btn4, btn5, btn6;     private NoLooperThread noLooerThread = null;     private OwnLooperThread ownLooperThread = null;     private ReceiveMessageThread receiveMessageThread =null;     private Context context = null;     private final String sTag = "MessageExample";     private boolean postRunnable = false;

/** Called when the activity is first created. */
@Override     public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {         super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);         context = this.getApplicationContext();         LinearLayout layout = new LinearLayout(this);         layout.setOrientation(LinearLayout.VERTICAL);         btn = new Button(this);         btn.setId(101);         btn.setText("message from main thread self");         btn.setOnClickListener(this);         LinearLayout.LayoutParams param =             new LinearLayout.LayoutParams(250,50);         param.topMargin = 10;         layout.addView(btn, param);         btn2 = new Button(this);         btn2.setId(102);         btn2.setText("message from other thread to main thread");         btn2.setOnClickListener(this);         layout.addView(btn2, param);         btn3 = new Button(this);         btn3.setId(103);         btn3.setText("message to other thread from itself");         btn3.setOnClickListener(this);         layout.addView(btn3, param);         btn4 = new Button(this);         btn4.setId(104);         btn4.setText("message with Runnable as callback from other thread to main thread");         btn4.setOnClickListener(this);         layout.addView(btn4, param);         btn5 = new Button(this);         btn5.setId(105);         btn5.setText("main thread's message to other thread");         btn5.setOnClickListener(this);         layout.addView(btn5, param);         btn6 = new Button(this);         btn6.setId(106);         btn6.setText("exit");         btn6.setOnClickListener(this);         layout.addView(btn6, param);         tv = new TextView(this);         tv.setTextColor(Color.WHITE);         tv.setText("");         LinearLayout.LayoutParams param2 =            new LinearLayout.LayoutParams(FP, WC);         param2.topMargin = 10;         layout.addView(tv, param2);         setContentView(layout);                       //主线程要发送消息给other thread, 这里创建那个other thread   receiveMessageThread = new ReceiveMessageThread();   receiveMessageThread.start();     }

//implement the OnClickListener interface
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {   switch(v.getId()){   case 101:    //主线程发送消息给自己    Looper looper;    looper = Looper.myLooper();  //get the Main looper related with the main thread    //如果不给任何参数的话会用当前线程对应的Looper(这里就是Main Looper)为Handler里面的成员mLooper赋值    mHandler = new EventHandler(looper);    //mHandler = new EventHandler();    // 清除整个MessageQueue里的消息    mHandler.removeMessages(0);    String obj = "This main thread's message and received by itself!";    //得到Message对象    Message m = mHandler.obtainMessage(1, 1, 1, obj);    // 将Message对象送入到main thread的MessageQueue里面    mHandler.sendMessage(m);    break;   case 102:       //other线程发送消息给主线程    postRunnable = false;    noLooerThread = new NoLooperThread();    noLooerThread.start();    break;   case 103:      //other thread获取它自己发送的消息    tv.setText("please look at the error level log for other thread received message");    ownLooperThread = new OwnLooperThread();    ownLooperThread.start();    break;   case 104:         //other thread通过Post Runnable方式发送消息给主线程    postRunnable = true;    noLooerThread = new NoLooperThread();    noLooerThread.start();    break;   case 105:         //主线程发送消息给other thread    if(null!=mOtherThreadHandler){     tv.setText("please look at the error level log for other thread received message from main thread");     String msgObj = "message from mainThread";     Message mainThreadMsg = mOtherThreadHandler.obtainMessage(1, 1, 1, msgObj);     mOtherThreadHandler.sendMessage(mainThreadMsg);    }    break;   case 106:    finish();    break;   }
}
class EventHandler extends Handler
{   public EventHandler(Looper looper) {    super(looper);   }   public EventHandler() {    super();   }   public void handleMessage(Message msg) {    //可以根据msg.what执行不同的处理,这里没有这么做    switch(msg.what){    case 1:     tv.setText((String)msg.obj);     break;    case 2:     tv.setText((String)msg.obj);     noLooerThread.stop();     break;    case 3:     //不能在非主线程的线程里面更新UI,所以这里通过Log打印收到的消息     Log.e(sTag, (String)msg.obj);     ownLooperThread.stop();     break;    default:     //不能在非主线程的线程里面更新UI,所以这里通过Log打印收到的消息     Log.e(sTag, (String)msg.obj);     break;    }   }
}
//NoLooperThread
class NoLooperThread extends Thread{   private EventHandler mNoLooperThreadHandler;   public void run() {    Looper myLooper, mainLooper;    myLooper = Looper.myLooper();    mainLooper = Looper.getMainLooper();    //这是一个static函数    String obj;    if(myLooper == null){     mNoLooperThreadHandler = new EventHandler(mainLooper);     obj = "NoLooperThread has no looper and handleMessage function executed in main thread!";    }    else {     mNoLooperThreadHandler = new EventHandler(myLooper);     obj = "This is from NoLooperThread self and handleMessage function executed in NoLooperThread!";    }    mNoLooperThreadHandler.removeMessages(0);    if(false == postRunnable){     //send message to main thread     Message m = mNoLooperThreadHandler.obtainMessage(2, 1, 1, obj);     mNoLooperThreadHandler.sendMessage(m);     Log.e(sTag, "NoLooperThread id:" + this.getId());    }else{     //下面new出来的实现了Runnable接口的对象中run函数是在Main Thread中执行,不是在NoLooperThread中执行     //注意Runnable是一个接口,它里面的run函数被执行时不会再新建一个线程     //您可以在run上加断点然后在eclipse调试中看它在哪个线程中执行     mNoLooperThreadHandler.post(new Runnable(){        @Override        public void run() {         tv.setText("update UI through handler post runnalbe mechanism!");       noLooerThread.stop();      }       });      }   }
}

//OwnLooperThread has his own message queue by execute Looper.prepare();
class OwnLooperThread extends Thread{   private EventHandler mOwnLooperThreadHandler;   public void run() {    Looper.prepare();    Looper myLooper, mainLooper;    myLooper = Looper.myLooper();    mainLooper = Looper.getMainLooper();    //这是一个static函数    String obj;    if(myLooper == null){     mOwnLooperThreadHandler = new EventHandler(mainLooper);     obj = "OwnLooperThread has no looper and handleMessage function executed in main thread!";    }    else {     mOwnLooperThreadHandler = new EventHandler(myLooper);     obj = "This is from OwnLooperThread self and handleMessage function executed in NoLooperThread!";    }    mOwnLooperThreadHandler.removeMessages(0);    //给自己发送消息    Message m = mOwnLooperThreadHandler.obtainMessage(3, 1, 1, obj);    mOwnLooperThreadHandler.sendMessage(m);    Looper.loop();   }
}

//ReceiveMessageThread has his own message queue by execute Looper.prepare();
class ReceiveMessageThread extends Thread{   public void run() {    Looper.prepare();    mOtherThreadHandler = new Handler(){     public void handleMessage(Message msg) {      Log.e(sTag, (String)msg.obj);     }    };    Looper.loop();   }
}

}


说明(代码详细解释请见后文):

使用Looper.myLooper静态方法可以取得当前线程的Looper对象。

使用mHandler = new EevntHandler(Looper.myLooper()); 可建立用来处理当前线程的Handler对象;其中,EevntHandler是Handler的子类。

使用mHandler = new EevntHandler(Looper.getMainLooper()); 可建立用来处理main线程的Handler对象;其中,EevntHandler是Handler的子类。

1.5.1.主线程给自己发送消息示例

主线程发送消息:

在onClick的case 101中创建一个继承自Handler的EventHandler对象,然后获取一个消息,然后通过EventHandler对象调用 sendMessage把消息发送到主线程的MessageQueue中。主线程由系统创建,系统会给它建立一个Looper对象和 MessageQueue,所以可以接收消息。这里只要根据主线程的Looper对象初始化EventHandler对象,就可以通过 EventHandler对象发送消息到主线程的消息队列中。

主线程处理消息:

这里是通过EventHandler的handleMessage函数处理的,其中收到的Message对象中what值为一的消息就是发送给它的,然后把消息里面附带的字符串在TextView上显示出来。

1.5.2.其他线程给主线程发送消息示例

其他线程发送消息(这里是说不使用Runnable作为callback的消息):

首先 postRunnable设为false,表示不通过Runnable方式进行消息相关的操作。然后启动线程noLooerThread,然后以主线程的Looper对象为参数建立EventHandler的对象mNoLooperThreadHandler,然后获取一个Message并把一个字符串赋值给它的一个成员obj,然后通过mNoLooperThreadHandler把消息发送到主线程的MessageQueue中。

主线程处理消息:

这里是通过EventHandler的handleMessage函数处理的,其中收到的Message对象中what值为二的消息就是上面发送给它的,然后把消息里面附带的字符串在TextView上显示出来。

1.5.3.其他线程给自己发送消息示例

其他线程发送消息:

其他非主线程建立后没有自己的Looper对象,所以也没有MessageQueue,需要给非主线程发送消息时需要建立MessageQueue以便接收消息。下面说明如何给自己建立MessageQueue和Looper对象。从OwnLooperThread的run函数中可以看见有一个 Looper.prepare()调用,这个就是用来建立非主线程的MessageQueue和Looper对象的。

所以这里的发送消息过程是建立线程mOwnLooperThread,然后线程建立自己的Looper和MessageQueue对象,然后根据上面建立的Looper对象建立对应的EventHandler对象mOwnLooperThreadHandler,然后由mOwnLooperThreadHandler建立消息并且发送到自己的MessageQueue里面。

其他线程处理接收的消息:

线程要接收消息需要在run函数中调用Looper.loop(),然后loop函数会从MessageQueue中取出消息交给对应的Handler对象 mOwnLooperThreadHandler处理,在mOwnLooperThreadHandler的handleMessage函数中会把 Message对象中what值为三的消息(上面发送的消息)在Log中打印出来,可以通过Logcat工具查看log。

1.5.4.其他线程以Runnable为消息参数给主线程发送消息示例

其他线程发送消息(这里是说使用Runnable作为callback的消息):

首先 postRunnable设为true,表示通过Runnable方式进行消息相关的操作。然后启动线程noLooerThread,然后以主线程的Looper对象为参数建立EventHandler的对象mNoLooperThreadHandler,然后获取一个Message并把一个字符串赋值给它的一个成员obj,然后通过mNoLooperThreadHandler把消息发送到主线程的MessageQueue中。

主线程处理消息:

主线程收到上面发送的Message后直接运行上面Runnable对象中的run函数进行相应的操作。run函数通过Log打印一个字符串,可以通过Logcat工具查看log。

1.5.5.主线程给其他线程发送消息示例

主线程发送消息:

这里首先要求线程receiveMessageThread运行(在onCreate函数中完成),并且准备好自己的Looper和 MessageQueue(这个通过ReceiveMessageThread中的run函数中的Looper.prepare()调用完成),然后根据建立的Looper对象初始化Handler对象mOtherThreadHandler。然后在onClick的case 105中由mOtherThreadHandler建立一个消息(消息中有一个字符串对象)并且发送到线程receiveMessageThread中的 MessageQueue中。

其他线程处理接收的消息:

线程要接收消息需要在run函数中调用Looper.loop(),然后loop函数会从MessageQueue中取出消息交给对应的Handler对象mOtherThreadHandler处理,在mOtherThreadHandler的handleMessage函数中会把Message对象中的字符串对象在Log中打印出来,可以通过Logcat工具查看log。
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