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RIP和IGRP路由协议的配置

2011-04-06 22:14 337 查看
[本实验环境是Cisco packet tracer模拟器上做的]

如下图搭建好实验路由拓扑:



配置

Router1



Router>enable
Router#config
terminal
Enter configuration
commands, one per line.

End with CNTL/Z.
Router(config)#no
logging console
Router(config)#interface
fa0/0
Router(config-if)#ip
address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
Router(config-if)#no
shutdown
Router(config-if)#exit
Router(config)#interface
se0/1/0
Router(config-if)#ip
address 192.168.65.1 255.255.255.0
Router(config-if)#clock
rate 64000
Router(config-if)#no
shutdown
%LINK-5-CHANGED:
Interface Serial0/0/0, changed state to down
Router(config)#interface
se0/0/0
Router(config-if)#ip
address 192.168.67.1 255.255.255.0
Router(config-if)#clock
rate 64000
Router(config-if)#no
shutdown
%LINK-5-CHANGED:
Interface Serial0/0/0, changed state to down
Router(config-if)#end
其他路由器如上配置。
在还未配置路由协议之前我们来查看下路由表,以便和配置后的路由表相互比较下
Router#show ip route
Codes: C -
connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP


D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O -
OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area


N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 -
OSPF NSSA external type 2


E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF
external type 2, E - EGP


i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 -
IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area


* - candidate default, U - per-user
static route, o - ODR


P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last
resort is not set

C

192.168.5.0/24 is directly connected,
FastEthernet0/0
C

192.168.67.0/24 is directly connected,
Serial0/0/0
C

192.168.69.0/24 is directly connected,
Serial0/0/1


下面的一些路由协议的配置将在以上实验拓扑上实现:
一、配置

RIP

协议

现在在路由器

Router1

上配置

RIP

路由协议:

Router(config)#router
rip
Router(config-router)#network
192.168.1.0
Router(config-router)#network
192.168.65.0
Router(config-router)#network
192.168.67.0
Router(config-router)#version
2
Router(config-router)#exit
在路由器

Router0

上配置

RIP

路由协议:

Router(config)#router
rip
Router(config-router)#net
192.168.3.0
Router(config-router)#net
192.168.65.0
Router(config-router)#net
192.168.69.0
Router(config-router)#version
2
Router(config-router)#exit
如上在路由器

Router2

上配置

RIP

协议:

Router(config)#router
rip
Router(config-router)#network
192.168.5.0
Router(config-router)#network
192.168.67.0
Router(config-router)#network
192.168.69.0
Router(config-router)#version
2
Router(config-router)#exit

配置完

RIP

协议后,就可以查看路由表,如下:

Router>enable
Router#show ip route
Codes: C -
connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP


D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O -
OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area


N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 -
OSPF NSSA external type 2


E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF
external type 2, E - EGP


i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 -
IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area


* - candidate default, U - per-user
static route, o - ODR


P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last
resort is not set

C

192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected,
FastEthernet0/0
R

192.168.5.0/24 [120/1] via 192.168.67.2,
00:00:17, Serial0/0/0
C

192.168.65.0/24 is directly connected,
Serial0/1/0
C

192.168.67.0/24 is directly connected,
Serial0/0/0
R

192.168.69.0/24 [120/1] via 192.168.67.2,
00:00:17, Serial0/0/0

和之前的路由表对比信息发现路由器自学到两条路由信息
R

192.168.5.0/24 [120/1] via 192.168.67.2,
00:00:17, Serial0/0/0
R

192.168.69.0/24 [120/1] via 192.168.67.2,
00:00:17, Serial0/0/0

(附:


R

:

表示此路由是由

RIP

协议获取的,另外

C

代表直接相连的网段。



192.168.5.0

表示目标网段。



[120/1]:120



RIP

路由协议的管理距离,默认是

120



1

是该路由的度量值,即跳数。



Via:

经由的意思



192.168.67.2

表示从当前路由器出发到达目标网的下一跳点的

IP

地址。



00:00:17

表示该条路由产生的时间。



Serial0/0/0

表示该条路由使用的端口。



)
二、配置

IGRP

协议

在路由器

Router1

上配置

IGRP

协议

(在我的

Cisco Packet Tracer

软件中只有

Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP)

)

Router(config)#router eigrp 100

Router(config-router)#network
192.168.1.0
Router(config-router)#network
192.168.65.0
Router(config-router)#network
192.168.67.0
Router(config-router)#exit
如同,在

Router0

上配置

IGRP

协议

Router#config
termina
Enter configuration
commands, one per line.

End with CNTL/Z.
Router(config)#no
router rip
Router(config)#router
eigrp 100
Router(config-router)#network
192.168.65.0
Router(config-router)#
%DUAL-5-NBRCHANGE:
IP-EIGRP 100: Neighbor 192.168.65.1 (Serial0/1/0) is up: new adjacency
Router(config-router)#network
192.168.69.0
Router(config-router)#network
192.168.3.0
Router(config-router)#exit


Router2

上配置

IGRP

协议

Router#confi term
Enter configuration
commands, one per line.

End with CNTL/Z.
Router(config)#no
router rip
Router(config)#router
eigrp 100
Router(config-router)#network
192.168.67.0
Router(config-router)#
%DUAL-5-NBRCHANGE:
IP-EIGRP 100: Neighbor 192.168.67.1 (Serial0/0/0) is up: new adjacency
Router(config-router)#network
192.168.5.0
Router(config-router)#network
192.168.69.0
Router(config-router)#
%DUAL-5-NBRCHANGE:
IP-EIGRP 100: Neighbor 192.168.69.1 (Serial0/0/1) is up: new adjacency
Router(config-router)#exit


配置好

IGRP

路由协议后,让我们来看一下

Router0

中的路由表信息:

Router#
Router#show ip route
Codes: C -
connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP


D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O -
OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area


N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 -
OSPF NSSA external type 2


E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF
external type 2, E - EGP


i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 -
IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area


* - candidate default, U - per-user
static route, o - ODR


P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last
resort is not set

D

192.168.1.0/24 [90/5634560] via
192.168.65.1, 00:04:14, Serial0/1/0
C

192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected,
FastEthernet0/0
D

192.168.5.0/24 [90/5634560] via
192.168.69.2, 00:00:51, Serial0/0/1
C

192.168.65.0/24 is directly connected,
Serial0/1/0
D

192.168.67.0/24 [90/6144000] via
192.168.65.1, 00:04:14, Serial0/1/0


[90/6144000] via
192.168.69.2, 00:00:51, Serial0/0/1
C

192.168.69.0/24 is directly connected,
Serial0/0/1

在配置过

RIP

路由协议后,我们发现

IGRP

协议配置与

RIP

协议配置不同,在这里配置接口事需要配置各路由器间链路的带宽。因为带宽是

IGRP

协议的度量值之一

u

,它要根据这些信息来计算不同路径的度量值,而不同于

RIP

只用跳数来作为唯一的度量值。

当我们改变一条链路的带宽时,会发生什么事?


Router2

路由器的

se0/0/1

端口上

Router>enable
Router#config term
Enter configuration
commands, one per line.

End with CNTL/Z.
Router(config)#interface
se0/0/1
Router(config-if)#bandwidth
64
%DUAL-5-NBRCHANGE:
IP-EIGRP 100: Neighbor 192.168.69.1 (Serial0/0/1) is down: interface down
%DUAL-5-NBRCHANGE:
IP-EIGRP 100: Neighbor 192.168.69.1 (Serial0/0/1) is up: new adjacency



Router0

路由器的

se0/0/1

端口上

Router>
Router>enable
Router#config term
Enter configuration
commands, one per line.

End with CNTL/Z.
Router(config)#
Router(config)#interface
se0/0/1
Router(config-if)#bandwidth
64
%DUAL-5-NBRCHANGE:
IP-EIGRP 100: Neighbor 192.168.69.2 (Serial0/0/1) is down: interface down
%DUAL-5-NBRCHANGE:
IP-EIGRP 100: Neighbor 192.168.69.2 (Serial0/0/1) is up: new adjacency

配置好后,让我们再来看下

Router0

的路由信息

Router#show ip route
Codes: C -
connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP


D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O -
OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area


N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 -
OSPF NSSA external type 2


E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF
external type 2, E - EGP


i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 -
IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area


* - candidate default, U - per-user
static route, o - ODR


P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last
resort is not set

D

192.168.1.0/24 [90/5634560] via
192.168.65.1, 00:17:28, Serial0/1/0
C

192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected,
FastEthernet0/0
D

192.168.5.0/24 [90/6146560] via
192.168.65.1, 00:00:46, Serial0/1/0
C

192.168.65.0/24 is directly connected,
Serial0/1/0
D

192.168.67.0/24 [90/6144000] via
192.168.65.1, 00:17:28, Serial0/1/0
C

192.168.69.0/24 is directly connected,
Serial0/0/1
与之前的路由表信息比较后,你会发现

R0

访问

R2



R2

访问

R0

的路由都要经过路由器

R1

转发,

这是因为

IGRP

协议计算度量值时考虑了网络的带宽,它根据所计算出的度量值,选择度量值小的路径保留在路由表中,【

90/5634560

】中的

90



IGRP

协议的管理距离。


(注意:这里用的是

EIGRP

路由协议。

EIGRP

协议配置与

IGRP

协议有相似之处,但由于它对于

VLSM

(可变长子网掩码)的支持和众多的其他特性,使得在高级配置以及监测和调试方面与

IGRP

有许多不同之处,在配置时应加以注意。)
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