linux板级设备的初始化过程(转)

start_kernel() [init/main.c]-----> setup_arch(&command_line)[ arch/arm/kernel/setup.c ] -----> mdesc =setup_machine(machine_arch_type) [ arch/arm/kernel/setup.c ]----> list = lookup_machine_type(nr)[ arch/arm/kernel/setup.c ] ----> return struct machine_desc.

内核在启动的时候就是最先运行start_kernel() ,然后她就会调用体系结构相关的setup_arch(&command_line),如arm体系结构的在arch/arm/kernel/setup.c中, 进一步, 她就要初始化板级相关的设备, 但在此之前,她必须找到这块目标板的描述结构, 所以她就先通过lookup_machine_type(nr)来查找这个结构,传入的参数是又uboot传过来的, 存储在r2中. 如假设她传入的是'SMDK2410' 的nr,lookup_machine_type(nr) 就会找到如下的machine_desc.这个结构在一个专门描述sddk2410的文件中--arch/arm/mach-s3c2410/mach-smdk2410.c

MACHINE_START(SMDK2410, "SMDK2410") /* @TODO: request a new identifier and switch
* to SMDK2410 */
/* Maintainer: Jonas Dietsche */
.phys_io = S3C2410_PA_UART,
.io_pg_offst = (((u32)S3C24XX_VA_UART) >> 18) & 0xfffc,
.boot_params = S3C2410_SDRAM_PA + 0x100,
//重要的板级初始化函数
.map_io = smdk2410_map_io,
.init_irq = s3c24xx_init_irq,
.init_machine = smdk2410_init,
.timer = &s3c24xx_timer,
MACHINE_END

MACHINE_START的第一个参数是用来构造机器的类型的, 如这里的SMDK2410 ,
又下面的定义
.nr = MACH_TYPE_##_type
有 nr = MACH_TYPE_SMDK2410
而 MACH_TYPE_SMDK2410这些机器类型则在/include/asm-arm/mach-types.h中定义:
#define MACH_TYPE_SMDK2410 193

完整的结构描述如下:

struct machine_desc {
/*
* Note! The first four elements are used
* by assembler code in head-armv.S
*/
unsigned int nr; /* architecture number */
unsigned int phys_io; /* start of physical io */
unsigned int io_pg_offst; /* byte offset for io
* page tabe entry */

const char *name; /* architecture name */
unsigned long boot_params; /* tagged list */

unsigned int video_start; /* start of video RAM */
unsigned int video_end; /* end of video RAM */

unsigned int reserve_lp0 :1; /* never has lp0 */
unsigned int reserve_lp1 :1; /* never has lp1 */
unsigned int reserve_lp2 :1; /* never has lp2 */
unsigned int soft_reboot :1; /* soft reboot */
void (*fixup)(struct machine_desc *,
struct tag *, char **,
struct meminfo *);
void (*map_io)(void);/* IO mapping function */
void (*init_irq)(void);
struct sys_timer *timer; /* system tick timer */
void (*init_machine)(void);
};

/*
* Set of macros to define architecture features. This is built into
* a table by the linker.
*/
#define MACHINE_START(_type,_name) \
static const struct machine_desc __mach_desc_##_type \
__used \
__attribute__((__section__(".arch.info.init"))) = { \
.nr = MACH_TYPE_##_type, \
.name = _name,

#define MACHINE_END \
};

在arch/arm/mach-s3c2410/mach-smdk2410.c 定义了以下两个函数实现:

static struct map_desc smdk2410_iodesc[] __initdata = {
/* nothing here yet */
};

static struct platform_device *smdk2410_devices[] __initdata = {
&s3c_device_usb,
&s3c_device_lcd,
&s3c_device_wdt,
&s3c_device_i2c,
&s3c_device_iis,
};

static void __init smdk2410_map_io(void)
{
//主要是做外围设备的物理地址到虚拟地址的映射
s3c24xx_init_io(smdk2410_iodesc, ARRAY_SIZE(smdk2410_iodesc));
//频率的初始化
s3c24xx_init_clocks(0);
//串口的初始化
s3c24xx_init_uarts(smdk2410_uartcfgs, ARRAY_SIZE(smdk2410_uartcfgs));
}

static void __init smdk2410_init(void)
{
//注册smdk2410特有的设备
platform_add_devices(smdk2410_devices, ARRAY_SIZE(smdk2410_devices));

//smdk系列的初始化, 我们知道smdk有2410, 2412, 2440等等, 所以这里她又抽象出了一些共有的相同的部分, 都使用下面的函数做初始化工作.
smdk_machine_init();
}

/* devices we initialise */

static struct platform_device __initdata *smdk_devs[] = {
&s3c_device_nand,
&smdk_led4,
&smdk_led5,
&smdk_led6,
&smdk_led7,
};

void __init smdk_machine_init(void)
{
/* Configure the LEDs (even if we have no LED support)*/

s3c2410_gpio_cfgpin(S3C2410_GPF4, S3C2410_GPF4_OUTP);
s3c2410_gpio_cfgpin(S3C2410_GPF5, S3C2410_GPF5_OUTP);
s3c2410_gpio_cfgpin(S3C2410_GPF6, S3C2410_GPF6_OUTP);
s3c2410_gpio_cfgpin(S3C2410_GPF7, S3C2410_GPF7_OUTP);

s3c2410_gpio_setpin(S3C2410_GPF4, 1);
s3c2410_gpio_setpin(S3C2410_GPF5, 1);
s3c2410_gpio_setpin(S3C2410_GPF6, 1);
s3c2410_gpio_setpin(S3C2410_GPF7, 1);

if (machine_is_smdk2443())
smdk_nand_info.twrph0 = 50;

//注意这一行, 注册了nand flash的分区信息
s3c_device_nand.dev.platform_data = &smdk_nand_info;

//再一次注册设备, 但这一次是smdk共有的. 如nand flash等等
platform_add_devices(smdk_devs, ARRAY_SIZE(smdk_devs));

//电源管理的初始化
s3c2410_pm_init();
}