mysql dba首选备份工具xtrabackup安装配置V1.5

mysql dba首选备份工具xtrabackup安装配置V1.5

使用Xtrabackup能够非常快速地备份与恢复mysql数据库，是mysql dba的首选。Xtrabackup是一个对InnoDB做数据备份的工具，支持在线热备份（备份时不影响数据读写），是商业备份工具InnoDB Hotbackup的一个很好的替代品。

Xtrabackup有两个主要的工具：xtrabackup、innobackupex

xtrabackup只能备份InnoDB和XtraDB两种数据表，支持在线热备份，不会锁表

innobackupex则封装了xtrabackup，同时可以备份MyISAM数据表

本文重点介绍ubuntu 10.04下的安装与配置

一、安装DB

apt-get update

apt-get install mysql-server

====================================================================

二、安装xtrabackup

centos 5.5 下安装

MySQL升级了5.5.8，XtraBackup需要对应升级为1.5

1.安装percona-release

wget http://www.percona.com/downloads/XtraBackup/XtraBackup-1.5/RPM/rhel5/i386/xtrabackup-1.5-11.rhel5.i386.rpm
rpm -ivh xtrabackup-1.5-11.rhel5.i386.rpm

====================================================================

三、建立测试数据

1.调整my.cnf参数

vi /etc/my.cnf

innodb_data_home_dir = /home/mysql/data

innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextend

innodb_file_per_table = 0

innodb_buffer_pool_size = 2G

innodb_log_group_home_dir = /home/mysql/data

innodb_log_file_size = 1900M

innodb_log_files_in_group = 2

innodb_log_buffer_size = 8M

innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1

innodb_thread_concurrency = 16

innodb_flush_method = O_DIRECT

innodb_write_io_threads = 8

innodb_read_io_threads = 8

innodb_io_capacity = 500

innodb_purge_threads = 1

innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 90

2.建立数据库

mysql -uroot

create database test_myisam CHARACTER SET=utf8;

create database test_innodb CHARACTER SET=utf8;

3.建立数据表

use test_myisam;

CREATE TABLE `t_myisam` (

`id` bigint(20) NOT NULL auto_increment,

`name` varchar(50) default NULL,

`password` varchar(150) default NULL,

`userstatus` int(2) default NULL,

PRIMARY KEY (`id`)

) ENGINE=MyISAM CHARACTER SET=utf8;

show create table t_myisam/G;

use test_innodb;

CREATE TABLE `t_innodb` (

`id` bigint(20) NOT NULL auto_increment,

`name` varchar(50) default NULL,

`password` varchar(150) default NULL,

`userstatus` int(2) default NULL,

PRIMARY KEY (`id`)

) ENGINE=InnoDB CHARACTER SET=utf8;

show create table t_innodb/G;

4.建立存储过程

vi addTest.sql

DROP procedure IF EXISTS addTest;

delimiter //

create procedure addTest(i int)

begin

declare name varchar(64);

delete from test_myisam.t_myisam where id != '0';

delete from test_innodb.t_innodb where id != '0';

While i>0 do

Set name=concat('test',i);

insert into test_myisam.t_myisam(id,name,password,userstatus) values (i,name,password(name),1);

insert into test_innodb.t_innodb(id,name,password,userstatus) values (i,name,password(name),1);

Set i=i-1;

END while;

end

//

delimiter ;

说明：

addTest(i int),i为插入数据的行数，先删除以前的数据，然后再写入到2个库的2个表中，数据内容一样。

5.写入数据

mysql -uroot test_myisam <addTest.sql

mysql -uroot

use test_myisam;

call addTest(10000000);

Query OK, 1 row affected (13 min 22.87 sec)

由于使用虚拟机，2G内存，写入时间会比较长

myisam和innodb各写入1千万行,每个库占用的空间在900M左右

====================================================================

四、innobackupex备份与恢复

1.普通备份

mkdir -p /home/mysql-backup/

innobackupex-1.5.1 --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --no-lock --user=root --databases="test_myisam test_innodb" /home/mysql-backup/ 2>/home/mysql-backup/logs/innodb.log

xtrabackup_50 Ver 1.3 Rev 148 for 5.0.91 unknown-linux-gnu (x86_64)

Copying ./ibdata1

to /home/mysql-backup/2010-012-23_14-38-05/ibdata1

…done

xtrabackup: The latest check point (for incremental): ’0:1720034804′

xtrabackup: Stopping log copying thread.

xtrabackup: Transaction log of lsn (0 1720034804) to (0 1720034804) was copied.

说明：

使用mysql的root用户备份

备份的目标目录是/home/mysql-backup/，innobackupex-1.5.1将在该目录下生成备份

--no-lock备份时不锁定表，--databases="test_myisam test_innodb"用于指定要备份的数据库

这里的2>/home/mysql-backup/logs/innodb.log，是将备份过程中的输出信息重定向到/home/mysql-backup/logs/innodb.log

2.压缩(tar gzip)备份

innobackupex-1.5.1 --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --no-lock --user=root --databases="test_myisam test_innodb" --stream=tar /home/mysql-backup/ 2>/home/mysql-backup/logs/innodb.log | gzip > /home/mysql-backup/innodb.tar.gz

这种备份时间会比较长，主要是执行压缩。

恢复过程，只需要使用tar izxvf 解压对应的文件后，操作完全同普通备份。

3.模拟恢复过程

mysql -uroot

drop database test_myisam;

drop database test_innodb;

cd /home/mysql/data

rm ibdata1

rm ib_logfile*

echo "1" >/proc/sys/vm/drop_caches

innobackupex-1.5.1 --apply-log --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --no-lock --user=root --databases="test_myisam test_innodb" /home/mysql-backup/2010-12-23_16-08-15

innobackupex-1.5.1 --copy-back --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --no-lock --user=root --databases="test_myisam test_innodb" /home/mysql-backup/2010-12-23_16-08-15

service mysqld stop

chown -R mysql:root /home/mysql/data

service mysqld start

通过以上步骤就能完全恢复mysql数据了，恢复过程中必须要启动mysql

4.检验数据后的数据

select * from test_myisam.t_myisam where id<300;

select * from test_innodb.t_innodb where id<300;

show create table test_myisam.t_myisam;

show create table test_innodb.t_innodb;

mysql> select count(*) from test_myisam.t_myisam;

+———-+

| count(*) |

+———-+

| 10000000 |

+———-+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select count(*) from test_innodb.t_innodb;

+———-+

| count(*) |

+———-+

| 10000000 |

+———-+

1 row in set (17.78 sec)

为何查询时间相差这么大？

myisam 的表rows 记录在表信息中，innodb 的要扫描表

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五、xtrabackup备份与恢复

xtrabackup只备份InnoDB数据文件，表结构是不备份的，所以恢复的时候，你必须有对应表结构文件(.frm)

1.普通备份

mkdir -p /home/mysql-backup/xtrabackup/2010-12-23

xtrabackup --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --backup --target-dir=/home/mysql-backup/xtrabackup/2010-12-23

cp -r /home/mysql/data/test_innodb /home/mysql-backup/xtrabackup/2010-12-23

模拟恢复过程

mysql -uroot

drop database test_innodb;

cd /home/mysql/data

rm ibdata1

rm ib_logfile*

echo "1" >/proc/sys/vm/drop_caches

xtrabackup --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --prepare --target-dir=/home/mysql-backup/xtrabackup/2010-12-23

service mysqld stop

cp /home/mysql-backup/xtrabackup/2010-12-23/ib* /home/mysql/data

cp -r /home/mysql-backup/xtrabackup/2010-12-23/test_innodb /home/mysql/data

chown -R mysql:root /home/mysql/data

service mysqld start

2.增量备份

修改存储过程，新增500万条数据（略）

mysql> select count(*) from t_innodb;

+----+

| count(*) |

+----+

| 15000000 |

+----+

1 row in set (5.23 sec)

mkdir -p /home/mysql-backup/xtrabackup/2010-12-24-incre

xtrabackup --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --backup --target-dir=/home/mysql-backup/xtrabackup/2010-12-24-incre --incremental-basedir=/home/mysql-backup/xtrabackup/2010-12-23

模拟恢复过程

mysql -uroot

drop database test_innodb;

cd /home/mysql/data

rm ibdata1

rm ib_logfile*

echo "1" >/proc/sys/vm/drop_caches

#预备备份

xtrabackup --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --prepare --target-dir=/home/mysql-backup/xtrabackup/2010-12-23

#合并增量备份

xtrabackup --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --prepare --target-dir=/home/mysql-backup/xtrabackup/2010-12-23 --incremental-dir=/home/mysql-backup/xtrabackup/2010-12-24-incre

cp /home/mysql-backup/xtrabackup/2010-12-23/ib* /home/mysql/data

cp -r /home/mysql-backup/xtrabackup/2010-12-23/test_innodb /home/mysql/data

chown -R mysql:root /home/mysql/data

service mysqld restart

3.检验恢复后的数据

mysql -uroot

use test_innodb;

mysql> select count(*) from t_innodb;

+----+

| count(*) |

+----+

| 15000000 |

+----+

1 row in set (19.03 sec)

可以看出，数据完全被恢复了。