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避免在 PL/SQL 中使用嵌套游标查询

2010-12-22 11:58 344 查看
考虑下面的 PL/SQL 代码,这段代码生成一个 XML 格式的矩阵样式的报表: declare
  l_count   integer;
  begin
  dbms_output.put_line('<matrix>');
  -- generate matrix of parts by country
  for part in (select id,description from parts order by description) loop
  dbms_output.put_line('<row>');
  dbms_output.put_line('<cell>'||part.description||'</cell>');
  for country in (select code from countries order by name) loop
  select sum(cnt) into l_count from orders
  where part_id = part.id and cc = country.code;
  dbms_output.put_line('<cell>'||nvl(l_count,0)||'</cell>');
  end loop;
  dbms_output.put_line('</row>');
  end loop;
  dbms_output.put_line('</matrix>');
  end;  如果在这个例子中 parts 和 countries 有很多行数据,那么性能就会趋于下降。这是因为,在 PL/SQL 中,每次遇到一个游标 FOR 循环,在重新查询并获得数据时,都会有一个切换到 SQL 的上下文切换。

  以一些服务器端内存为代价,提高这种构造的速度是有可能做到的——如果动态构建 PL/SQL 数据表和矩阵单元格条目就可以提高速度。例如:
declare
  type part_tbl_type is table of parts%rowtype index by binary_integer;
  part_tbl   part_tbl_type;
  --
  type country_tbl_type is table of countries%rowtype index by binary_integer;
  country_tbl   country_tbl_type;
  --
  type cell_rec is record
  (
  part_id     orders.part_id%type,
  cc        orders.cc%type,
  cnt        orders.cnt%type
  );
  type cell_tbl_type is table of cell_rec index by binary_integer;
  cell_tbl cell_tbl_type;
  --
  i pls_integer;
  begin
  -- build rows
  for row in (select * from parts order by description) loop
  part_tbl(part_tbl.count+1) := row;
  end loop;
  -- build columns
  for col in (select * from countries order by name) loop
  country_tbl(country_tbl.count+1) := col;
  end loop;
  -- build cells
  for cell in (select part_id,cc,sum(cnt) from orders group by part_id,cc) loop
  cell_tbl(cell_tbl.count+1) := cell;
  end loop;
  dbms_output.put_line('<matrix>');
  -- generate matrix of parts by country
  i := cell_tbl.first;
  for row in part_tbl.first .. part_tbl.last loop
  dbms_output.put_line('<row>');
  dbms_output.put_line('<cell>'||part_tbl(row).description||'</cell>');
  for col in country_tbl.first .. country_tbl.last loop
  if cell_tbl(i).part_id = part_tbl(row).id
  and cell_tbl(i).cc = country_tbl(col).code
  then
  dbms_output.put_line('<cell>'||cell_tbl(i).cnt||'</cell>');
  i := i + 1;
  else
  dbms_output.put_line('<cell>0</cell>');
  end if;
  end loop;
  dbms_output.put_line('</row>');
  end loop;
  dbms_output.put_line('</matrix>');
  end;
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