面对一个全新的环境,作为一个Mysql DBA,应该了解

2009年07月08日　作者： 大头刚　
前段时间有高人写了一篇《面对一个全新的环境,作为一个Oracle DBA,首先应该了解什么》，本文借花献佛，总结了一些思路，如何面对一个全新的Mysql环境。

1、先要了解当前的Mysql数据库的版本和平台以及字符集等相关信息
mysql> status

--------------
mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.1.34, for unknown-linux-gnu (x86_64) using EditLine wrapper
Connection id: 25874330
Current database:
Current user:
SSL: Not in use
Current pager: stdout
Using outfile: ''
Using delimiter: ;
Server version: 5.1.34-log Source distribution
Protocol version: 10
Connection: Localhost via UNIX socket
Server characterset: utf8
Db characterset: utf8
Client characterset: utf8
Conn. characterset: utf8
UNIX socket: /tmp/mysql.sock
Uptime: 13 days 14 hours 18 min 36 sec
Threads: 7 Questions: 190708290 Slow queries: 19 Opens: 57835 Flush tables: 1
Open tables: 84 Queries per second avg: 162.344
--------------
2、其次要了解你的数据库中支持哪些存储引擎，5.1的话顺便查下插件情况。
mysql> show engines;

+------------+---------+----------------------------------------------------------------+--------------+------+------------+
| Engine | Support | Comment | Transactions | XA | Savepoints |
+------------+---------+----------------------------------------------------------------+--------------+------+------------+
| InnoDB | YES | Supports transactions, row-level locking, and foreign keys | YES | YES | YES |
| MRG_MYISAM | YES | Collection of identical MyISAM tables | NO | NO | NO |
| BLACKHOLE | YES | /dev/null storage engine (anything you write to it disappears) | NO | NO | NO |
| CSV | YES | CSV storage engine | NO | NO | NO |
| MEMORY | YES | Hash based, stored in memory, useful for temporary tables | NO | NO | NO |
| FEDERATED | NO | Federated MySQL storage engine | NULL | NULL | NULL |
| ARCHIVE | YES | Archive storage engine | NO | NO | NO |
| MyISAM | DEFAULT | Default engine as of MySQL 3.23 with great performance | NO | NO | NO |
+------------+---------+----------------------------------------------------------------+--------------+------+------------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> show plugins;

+------------+----------+----------------+---------+---------+
| Name | Status | Type | Library | License |
+------------+----------+----------------+---------+---------+
| binlog | ACTIVE | STORAGE ENGINE | NULL | GPL |
| partition | ACTIVE | STORAGE ENGINE | NULL | GPL |
| ARCHIVE | ACTIVE | STORAGE ENGINE | NULL | GPL |
| BLACKHOLE | ACTIVE | STORAGE ENGINE | NULL | GPL |
| CSV | ACTIVE | STORAGE ENGINE | NULL | GPL |
| FEDERATED | DISABLED | STORAGE ENGINE | NULL | GPL |
| MEMORY | ACTIVE | STORAGE ENGINE | NULL | GPL |
| InnoDB | ACTIVE | STORAGE ENGINE | NULL | GPL |
| MyISAM | ACTIVE | STORAGE ENGINE | NULL | GPL |
| MRG_MYISAM | ACTIVE | STORAGE ENGINE | NULL | GPL |
+------------+----------+----------------+---------+---------+

#show binlog events; 查看binlog
3、搞清楚这个环境是单机还是集群？
mysql> show variables like 'have_ndbcluster';
+-----------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+-----------------+-------+
| have_ndbcluster | NO |
+-----------------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
4、是否配置了REPLICATION？
show slave status\G;
show master status\G;
5、查看Mysql的日志模式，查看近期的慢查询日志和ERR日志。
mysql> show variables like 'log%';
+---------------------------------+----------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------------------------+----------------------+
| log | OFF |
| log_bin | ON |
| log_bin_trust_function_creators | OFF |
| log_bin_trust_routine_creators | OFF |
| log_error | /dir/hostname.err |
| log_output | FILE |
| log_queries_not_using_indexes | OFF |
| log_slave_updates | OFF |
| log_slow_queries | ON |
| log_warnings | 1 |
+---------------------------------+----------------------+
　
6、查看Mysql当前有哪些触发器和存储过程
mysql> show triggers;
mysql> show procedure status;
7、是否支持分区，如果支持哪些使用了分区表
mysql> show variables like 'have_part%';
+-------------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+-------------------+-------+
| have_partitioning | YES |
+-------------------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select TABLE_NAME from information_schema.PARTITIONS where PARTITION_NAME is not null;
8、有多少用户拥有超级权限,是否有密码为空（ROOT密码默认为空），密码为空马上处理。
mysql> select * from information_schema.USER_PRIVILEGES where PRIVILEGE_TYPE='SUPER';
mysql> select host,User,Password from mysql.user where Password='';
+-------------+------+----------+
| host | User | Password |
+-------------+------+----------+
| localhost | root | |
| 127.0.0.1 | root | |
+-------------+------+----------+
mysql> delete from mysql.user where Password='';flush PRIVILEGES;
9.show processlist
执行一会show processlist，看看 Mysql 能有多少并发，一般都是什么sql。

10、更进一步,Mysql的备份方法和策略是什么？网络环境的配置是如何的？

11、跑几个性能分析报告，看看最近系统的运行状态如何，例如用mysqlreport。

OK，以上信息基本上对你新接触的这个系统有了一个大概的了解，接下来你再慢慢的深入分析，然后制订出一套符合实际情况的运维规范来。