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GCC-3.4.6源代码学习笔记(116)

2010-10-19 11:25 441 查看
5.12.4.1.1.2.1.1.2.


在指定类中的查找


而如果指定的作用域是一个类,那么查找的就是除非静态数据成员以外的类成员。不过这里尚不检查是否有违反,这由外部调用它们的函数来检查(
build_offset_ref

)。

在一个指定的类作用域中的查找工作,具体由
lookup_member

来进行。在这个函数中,注意参数
want_type

如果是
true
,这表示我们应该仅返回
TYPE_DECL
节点;参数
xbasetype

指向类的类型节点;而参数
protect

传入为
0
,表示不要进行访问控制检查,并且对于有二义性的查找,我们应该返回
NULL


1275

tree

1276

lookup_member

(tree xbasetype, tree name, int protect, bool want_type)

in
search.c

1277

{

1278

tree rval, rval_binfo = NULL_TREE;

1279

tree type = NULL_TREE, basetype_path =
NULL_TREE;

1280

struct
lookup_field_info
lfi;

1281

1282

/* rval_binfo is
the binfo associated with the found member, note,

1283

this can be set
with useful information, even when rval is not

1284

set, because it
must deal with ALL members, not just non-function

1285

members. It is
used for ambiguity checking and the hidden

1286

checks. Whereas
rval is only set if a proper (not hidden)

1287

non-function
member is found.
*/

1288

1289

const
char
*errstr = 0;

1290

1291

my_friendly_assert (TREE_CODE (name) ==
IDENTIFIER_NODE, 20030624);

1292

1293

if (TREE_CODE (xbasetype) == TREE_VEC)

1294

{

1295

type = BINFO_TYPE (xbasetype);

1296

basetype_path = xbasetype;

1297

}

1298

else

1299

{

1300

my_friendly_assert(IS_AGGR_TYPE_CODE(TREE_CODE(xbasetype)),
20030624);

1301

type = xbasetype;

1302

basetype_path = TYPE_BINFO
(type);

1303

my_friendly_assert (!BINFO_INHERITANCE_CHAIN
(basetype_path),
980827);

1304

}

1305

1306

if (type == current_class_type

&&
TYPE_BEING_DEFINED (type)

1307

&& IDENTIFIER_CLASS_VALUE (name))

1308

{

1309

tree field = IDENTIFIER_CLASS_VALUE (name);

1310

if (! is_overloaded_fn
(field)

1311

&& ! (want_type &&
TREE_CODE (field) != TYPE_DECL))

1312

/* We're in the
scope of this class, and the value has already

1313

been looked
up. Just return the cached value.
*/

1314

return
field;

1315

}

参考图形
binfo间的关系

,显然上面的
type

指向与
binfo
关联的
RECORD_TYPE
节点。对于
name

,如果在
1307
行的
IDENTIFIER_CLASS_VALUE
不是
NULL

name

被声明在当前类中,并且
IDENTIFIER_CLASS_VALUE
是其对应的声明。

如果封闭类(
enclosing class
)正在定义中(一定是
current_class_type

),如果由
IDENTIFIER_CLASS_VALUE
返回的对象是函数声明,那么我们需要继续下面的处理,因为方法
/
函数是可以重载的,因此有可能我们找到的是前一个定义。除此之外,如果
TYPE_DECL
是期望的返回值,但找到域不是
TYPE_DECL
,我们也需要进行处理(这里考虑如下代码:

struct
F {

int innerType;

};

struct
G: public
F {

typedef
int innerType;
// we are parsing
this field, IDENTIFIER_CLASS_VALUE

// (innerType)
still points to F::innerType

};

域“
typedef
int innerType
”需要被加入类定义,必须摒弃找到的“
int innerType
”;而对于代码:

struct
F {

typedef
int innerType;

};

struct
G: public
F {

void func(int innerType);
// we are parsing this field

};

我们只需返回
F


innerType

,编译器随后会发现这个错误。

如果我们不能从
IDENTIFIER_CLASS_VALUE
所支持的快速查找中获益(只要
type

不是正在定义中,就没有风险,因为
IDENTIFIER_CLASS_VALUE
这时保存了前一次找出的链接)。我们不得不用强硬的方法来进行查找。

1008

struct
lookup_field_info
{
in
search.c

1009

/* The type in
which we're looking.
*/

1010

tree type;

1011

/* The name of the
field for which we're looking.
*/

1012

tree name;

1013

/* If non-NULL, the
current result of the lookup.
*/

1014

tree rval;

1015

/* The path to
RVAL.
*/

1016

tree rval_binfo;

1017

/* If non-NULL, the
lookup was ambiguous, and this is a list of the

1018

candidates.
*/

1019

tree ambiguous;

1020

/* If nonzero, we
are looking for types, not data members.

*/

1021

int want_type;

1022

/* If something
went wrong, a message indicating what.

*/

1023

const
char
*errstr;

1024

};

上面的结构体将被用来传递指引在被查找集中的查找过程的信息。并且它也将带回查找结果。

lookup_member (continue)

1317

complete_type
(type);

1318

1319

#ifdef
GATHER_STATISTICS

1320

n_calls_lookup_field

++;

1321

#endif
/*
GATHER_STATISTICS */

1322

1323

memset (&lfi, 0, sizeof
(lfi));

1324

lfi.type = type;

1325

lfi.name = name;

1326

lfi.want_type = want_type;

1327

bfs_walk
(basetype_path,
&lookup_field_r
, &lookup_field_queue_p
, &lfi);

函数
bfs_walk

遍历由
basetype_path

支配的类层次结构。然后在这个宽度优先的前序遍历中,函数
lookup_field_r

为层次结构中的每个类所调用。如果这个函数返回非
NULL
,这个值被立即返回并且结束遍历。这意味着我们已经找到期望的东西,而且它在派生程度最高的子类中。

1607

static
tree

1608

bfs_walk

(tree binfo,
in
search.c

1609

tree (*fn) (tree,
void *),

1610

tree (*qfn) (tree,
int, void *),

1611

void *data)

1612

{

1613

tree rval = NULL_TREE;

1614

1615

tree bases_initial[BFS_WALK_INITIAL_QUEUE_SIZE];

1616

/*
A circular queue of the base classes of BINFO. These will be

1617

built
up in breadth-first order, except where QFN prunes the

1618

search.

*/

1619

size_t head, tail;

1620

size_t base_buffer_size =
BFS_WALK_INITIAL_QUEUE_SIZE;

1621

tree *base_buffer =
bases_initial;

1622

1623

head = tail = 0;

1624

base_buffer[tail++] = binfo;

1625

1626

while
(head != tail)

1627

{

1628

int n_bases, ix;

1629

tree binfo =
base_buffer[head++];

1630

if (head ==
base_buffer_size)

1631

head = 0;

1632

1633

/*
Is this the one we're looking for? If so, we're done.
*/

1634

rval = fn (binfo, data);

1635

if (rval)

1636

goto
done;

1637

1638

n_bases =
BINFO_N_BASETYPES (binfo);

1639

for
(ix = 0; ix != n_bases; ix++)

1640

{

1641

tree base_binfo;

1642

1643

if (qfn)

1644

base_binfo = (*qfn)
(binfo, ix, data);

1645

else

1646

base_binfo =
BINFO_BASETYPE (binfo, ix);

1647

1648

if (base_binfo)

1649

{

1650

base_buffer[tail++] =
base_binfo;

1651

if (tail ==
base_buffer_size)

1652

tail = 0;

1653

if (tail == head)

1654

{

1655

tree *new_buffer =
xmalloc (2 * base_buffer_size

1656

* sizeof
(tree));

1657

memcpy
(&new_buffer[0], &base_buffer[0],

1658

tail * sizeof
(tree));

1659

memcpy
(&new_buffer[head + base_buffer_size],

1660

&base_buffer[head],

1661

(base_buffer_size - head) * sizeof
(tree));

1662

if (base_buffer_size
!= BFS_WALK_INITIAL_QUEUE_SIZE)

1663

free
(base_buffer);

1664

base_buffer =
new_buffer;

1665

head +=
base_buffer_size;

1666

base_buffer_size *=
2;

1667

}

1668

}

1669

}

1670

}

1671

1672

done:

1673

if (base_buffer_size !=
BFS_WALK_INITIAL_QUEUE_SIZE)

1674

free (base_buffer);

1675

return
rval;

1676

}

上面缓存
bases_initial

通过把树以前序展开入一个数组来辅助遍历。可以期望一个编译单元中的类层次结构树通常是相当简单的(
BFS_WALK_INITIAL_QUEUE_SIZE

10
)。

在每次调用中,一个表示从当前访问子类到
basetype_path

的路径的
binfo

被传给
lookup_field_r

。而
lookup_field_queue_p


lookup_field_r

选出合格的对象。

1136

static
tree

1137

lookup_field_r

(tree binfo, void *data)
in
search.c

1138

{

1139

struct
lookup_field_info
*lfi = (struct
lookup_field_info *) data;

1140

tree type = BINFO_TYPE (binfo);

1141

tree nval = NULL_TREE;

1142

1143

/* First, look for
a function. There can't be a function and a data

1144

member with the
same name, and if there's a function and a type

1145

with the same
name, the type is hidden by the function.

*/

1146

if (!lfi->want_type)

1147

{

1148

int idx = lookup_fnfields_1
(type, lfi->name);

1149

if (idx >= 0)

1150

nval = TREE_VEC_ELT (CLASSTYPE_METHOD_VEC
(type), idx);

1151

}

1152

1153

if (!nval)

1154

/* Look for a
data member or type.
*/

1155

nval = lookup_field_1
(type, lfi->name, lfi->want_type);

1156

1157

/* If there is no
declaration with the indicated name in this type,

1158

then there's
nothing to do.
*/

1159

if (!nval)

1160

return
NULL_TREE;

在类的节点中,其方法被记录在一个向量(
vector
中);
lookup_fnfields_1

返回由
name

所指定方法所对应的索引。下面的
CLASSTYPE_METHOD_VEC
就是这个向量。

1458

int

1459

lookup_fnfields_1

(tree type, tree name)
in
search.c

1460

{

1461

tree method_vec;

1462

tree *methods;

1463

tree tmp;

1464

int i;

1465

int len;

1466

1467

if (!CLASS_TYPE_P (type))

1468

return
-1;

1469

1470

method_vec = CLASSTYPE_METHOD_VEC (type);

1471

1472

if (!method_vec)

1473

return
-1;

1474

1475

methods = &TREE_VEC_ELT (method_vec, 0);

1476

len = TREE_VEC_LENGTH (method_vec);

1477

1478

#ifdef
GATHER_STATISTICS

1479

n_calls_lookup_fnfields_1

++;

1480

#endif
/*
GATHER_STATISTICS */

1481

1482

/* Constructors are
first...
*/

1483

if (name == ctor_identifier)

1484

return
(methods[CLASSTYPE_CONSTRUCTOR_SLOT]

1485

? CLASSTYPE_CONSTRUCTOR_SLOT : -1);

1486

/* and destructors
are second.
*/

1487

if (name == dtor_identifier)

1488

return
(methods[CLASSTYPE_DESTRUCTOR_SLOT]

1489

? CLASSTYPE_DESTRUCTOR_SLOT : -1);

1490

if (IDENTIFIER_TYPENAME_P (name))

1491

return
lookup_conversion_operator
(type,
TREE_TYPE (name));

构造函数及析构函数,如果被定义了,它们被放置在固定的地方,因为它们是最常调用的方法。如果有作为转换操作符的构造函数,它们紧跟随后。对于转换操作符的查找有点麻烦,如
ISO-IEC-14882-2003
所要求,对于同名的转换操作符,非模板的版本要优先于模板版本。

1404

static
int

1405

lookup_conversion_operator

(tree class_type, tree type)
in
search.c

1406

{

1407

int pass;

1408

int i;

1409

1410

tree methods = CLASSTYPE_METHOD_VEC
(class_type);

1411

1412

for
(pass =
0; pass < 2; ++pass)

1413

for
(i =
CLASSTYPE_FIRST_CONVERSION_SLOT;

1414

i
< TREE_VEC_LENGTH (methods);

1415

++i)

1416

{

1417

tree fn = TREE_VEC_ELT (methods, i);

1418

/* The size of
the vector may have some unused slots at the

1419

end.
*/

1420

if (!fn)

1421

break
;

1422

1423

/* All the
conversion operators come near the beginning of the

1424

class.
Therefore, if FN is not a conversion operator, there

1425

is no
matching conversion operator in CLASS_TYPE.

*
/

1426

fn = OVL_CURRENT (fn);

1427

if (!DECL_CONV_FN_P (fn))

1428

break
;

1429

1430

if (pass == 0)

1431

{

1432

/* On the
first pass we only consider exact matches. If

1433

the types
match, this slot is the one where the right

1434

conversion
operators can be found.
*/

1435

if (TREE_CODE (fn) != TEMPLATE_DECL

1436

&& same_type_p
(DECL_CONV_FN_TYPE (fn), type))

1437

return
i;

1438

}

1439

else

1440

{

1441

/* On the
second pass we look for template conversion

1442

operators.
It may be possible to instantiate the

1443

template to
get the type desired. All of the template

1444

conversion
operators share a slot. By looking for

1445

templates
second we ensure that specializations are

1446

preferred
over templates.
*/

1447

if (TREE_CODE (fn) == TEMPLATE_DECL)

1448

return
i;

1449

}

1450

}

1451

1452

return
-1;

1453

}

对于其他方法,则需要老老实实地在这个向量中查找。对于解析过的类,其方法已经按其名字所对应的标识符的地址排序,因此可以使用二分查找;而对于正在解析的类,其方法还未排序,只能依次查找。

lookup_fnfields_1 (continue)

1493

/* Skip the
conversion operators.
*/

1494

i = CLASSTYPE_FIRST_CONVERSION_SLOT;

1495

while
(i <
len && methods[i] && DECL_CONV_FN_P (OVL_CURRENT (methods[i])))

1496

i++;

1497

1498

/* If the type is
complete, use binary search.
*/

1499

if (COMPLETE_TYPE_P (type))

1500

{

1501

int lo = i;

1502

int hi = len;

1503

1504

while
(lo
< hi)

1505

{

1506

i = (lo + hi) / 2;

1507

1508

#ifdef
GATHER_STATISTICS

1509

n_outer_fields_searched

++;

1510

#endif
/*
GATHER_STATISTICS */

1511

1512

tmp = methods[i];

1513

/* This slot
may be empty; we allocate more slots than we

1514

need. In that
case, the entry we're looking for is

1515

closer to the beginning of the list.
*/

1516

if (tmp)

1517

tmp = DECL_NAME (OVL_CURRENT (tmp));

1518

if (!tmp || tmp > name)

1519

hi = i;

1520

else if (tmp < name)

1521

lo = i + 1;

1522

else

1523

return
i;

1524

}

1525

}

1526

else

1527

for
(; i < len && methods[i]; ++i)

1528

{

1529

#ifdef
GATHER_STATISTICS

1530

n_outer_fields_searched

++;

1531

#endif
/*
GATHER_STATISTICS */

1532

1533

tmp = OVL_CURRENT (methods[i]);

1534

if (DECL_NAME (tmp) == name)

1535

return
i;

1536

}

1537

1538

return
-1;

1539

}

查找转换操作符由上述代码完成,不过
lookup_field

_r

也可被用于查找数据成员或类中的类型,在这里我们也看一下这部分功能。

查找数据成员由
lookup_field_1

完成,看到如果不是严格地要求
TYPE_DECL
,方法(
method
)将隐藏同名的类型。

427

tree

428

lookup_field_1

(tree type, tree name, bool want_type)

in search.c

429

{

430

tree field;

431

432

if (TREE_CODE (type) == TEMPLATE_TYPE_PARM

433

|| TREE_CODE (type) == BOUND_TEMPLATE_TEMPLATE_PARM

434

|| TREE_CODE (type) == TYPENAME_TYPE)

435

/* The TYPE_FIELDS of a TEMPLATE_TYPE_PARM and

436

BOUND_TEMPLATE_TEMPLATE_PARM are not
fields at all;

437

instead TYPE_FIELDS is the
TEMPLATE_PARM_INDEX. (Miraculously,

438

the code often worked even when we
treated the index as a list

439

of
fields!)

440

The
TYPE_FIELDS of TYPENAME_TYPE is its TYPENAME_TYPE_FULLNAME. */

441

return
NULL_TREE;

442

443

if (TYPE_NAME (type)

444

&& DECL_LANG_SPECIFIC (TYPE_NAME (type))

445

&& DECL_SORTED_FIELDS (TYPE_NAME (type)))

446

{

447

tree *fields = &DECL_SORTED_FIELDS (TYPE_NAME (type))->elts[0];

448

int lo = 0, hi = DECL_SORTED_FIELDS (TYPE_NAME (type))->len;

449

int i;

450

451

while
(lo < hi)

452

{

453

i = (lo + hi) / 2;

454

455

#ifdef
GATHER_STATISTICS

456

n_fields_searched

++;

457

#endif
/* GATHER_STATISTICS */

458

459

if (DECL_NAME (fields[i]) > name)

460

hi = i;

461

else if (DECL_NAME (fields[i]) < name)

462

lo = i + 1;

463

else

464

{

465

field = NULL_TREE;

466

467

/* We
might have a nested class and a field with the

468

same name; we sorted them
appropriately via

469

field_decl_cmp, so just look for the
first or last

470

field with this name.
*/

471

if (want_type)

472

{

473

do

474

field = fields[i--];

475

while
(i >= lo && DECL_NAME (fields[i]) == name);

476

if (TREE_CODE (field) != TYPE_DECL

477

&& !DECL_CLASS_TEMPLATE_P
(field))

478

field = NULL_TREE;

479

}

480

else

481

{

482

do

483

field = fields[i++];

484

while
(i < hi && DECL_NAME (fields[i]) == name);

485

}

486

return
field;

487

}

488

}

489

return
NULL_TREE;

490

}

491

492

field = TYPE_FIELDS (type);

493

494

#ifdef
GATHER_STATISTICS

495

n_calls_lookup_field_1

++;

496

#endif
/* GATHER_STATISTICS */

497

for
(field = TYPE_FIELDS (type); field;
field = TREE_CHAIN (field))

498

{

499

#ifdef
GATHER_STATISTICS

500

n_fields_searched

++;

501

#endif
/* GATHER_STATISTICS */

502

my_friendly_assert (DECL_P (field), 0);

503

if (DECL_NAME (field) == NULL_TREE

504

&& ANON_AGGR_TYPE_P (TREE_TYPE (field)))

505

{

506

tree temp = lookup_field_1 (TREE_TYPE (field), name, want_type);

507

if (temp)

508

return
temp;

509

}

510

if (TREE_CODE (field) == USING_DECL)

511

/* For
now, we're just treating member using declarations as

512

old ARM-style access declarations.
Thus, there's no reason

513

to return a USING_DECL, and the rest of
the compiler can't

514

handle it. Once the class is defined,
these are purged

515

from TYPE_FIELDS anyhow; see
handle_using_decl.
*/

516

continue
;

517

518

if (DECL_NAME (field) == name

519

&& (!want_type

520

|| TREE_CODE (field) == TYPE_DECL

521

|| DECL_CLASS_TEMPLATE_P (field)))

522

return
field;

523

}

524

/* Not found.

*/

525

if (name == vptr_identifier

)

526

{

527

/* Give the user what s/he thinks s/he
wants.
*/

528

if (TYPE_POLYMORPHIC_P (type))

529

return
TYPE_VFIELD (type);

530

}

531

return
NULL_TREE;

532

}

这个函数类似于
lookup_fnfields_1

的后半部分。注意在
444
行,在
C++
前端中,
*_DECL
节点中具有
DECL_LANG_SPECIFIC
部分。对于类,虚表(
vtable
)被链接在
TYPE_FIELDS
的头部,它被虚表指针(
vptr_identifier
)所指向。注意只有定义了虚函数或从虚基类派生的类才具有虚表及虚表指针。

如果我们查找一个类型,但所找到的(
nval

)不是
TYPE_DECL
并且与当前类同名;对于这个情况,
nval

一定不是方法(在
1148
行的
lookup_fnfields_1

被跳过),而是一个域。正如下面
1169
行的注释所描述的,
nval

可以是与类型同名的一个域。回忆对于类,为其有
TYPE_DECL
被构建,并且链入
TYPE_FIELDS
,因此在
1173
行的
FOR

循环查找这个
TYPE_DECL


lookup_field_r (continue)

1162

/* If we're looking
up a type (as with an elaborated type specifier)

1163

we ignore all
non-types we find.
*/

1164

if (lfi->want_type && TREE_CODE
(nval) != TYPE_DECL

1165

&& !DECL_CLASS_TEMPLATE_P (nval))

1166

{

1167

if (lfi->name == TYPE_IDENTIFIER (type))

1168

{

1169

/* If the
aggregate has no user defined constructors, we allow

1170

it to have
fields with the same name as the enclosing type.

1171

If we are
looking for that name, find the corresponding

1172

TYPE_DECL.
*/

1173

for
(nval
= TREE_CHAIN (nval); nval; nval = TREE_CHAIN (nval))

1174

if (DECL_NAME (nval) == lfi->name

1175

&&
TREE_CODE (nval) == TYPE_DECL)

1176

break
;

1177

}

1178

else

1179

nval
= NULL_TREE;

1180

if (!nval && CLASSTYPE_NESTED_UTDS
(type) != NULL)

1181

{

1182

binding_entry e = binding_table_find
(CLASSTYPE_NESTED_UTDS (type),

1183

lfi->name);

1184

if (e != NULL)

1185

nval = TYPE_MAIN_DECL (e->type);

1186

else

1187

return
NULL_TREE;

1188

}

1189

}

1190

1191

/* You must name a
template base class with a template-id.

*/

1192

if (!same_type_p (type, lfi->type)

1193

&& template_self_reference_p
(type, nval))

1194

return
NULL_TREE;

上面,在
1180
行,
CLASSTYPE_NESTED_UTDS
是在类中找到的嵌套用户定义类型(类或枚举)的字典。如果
nval

不是
TYPE_DECL
并且不与类的同名,我们进入
1180
行的
IF

块;在这种情况下,
nval

可能会屏蔽在类中声明的类型。比如:

class
A {

public
:

class
a { public
: int i; };

int a;

};

int main () {

class
A::a a;
//
class A::a is the elaborated-type-specifier

return
0;

}

为了是
IF

块找出被域‘
a
’所屏蔽的类型‘
a
’,必须使用
elaborated-type-specifier
来显式地指明类型(看到这在上面会使得
want_type

成为
true
)。

以下,【
3
】,条款
3.3.7
“名字屏蔽”系统地描述了名字屏蔽的规则。

1.

在一个嵌套声明域或派生类中,一个名字可以被同名的显式声明所屏蔽(
10.2
)。

2.

一个类名(
9.1
)或枚举名(
7.2
)可以被在同一个域中声明的对象,函数或枚举值的名字所屏蔽。如果一个类或枚举类型与同名的一个对象,函数或枚举值,以任意的次序,声明在同一个域中,该类或枚举类型在该对象,函数或枚举值可见处被屏蔽。

3.

在一个方法的定义中的一个局部声明屏蔽在该类中声明的同名成员;参考
3.3.6
。在一个派生类中的一个成员声明(条款
10
)屏蔽基类中声明的同名成员;参考
10.2


4.

在查找被一个名字空间名所限定的名字的过程中,那些通过
using-directive

可见的声明为包含这个
using-directive

的名字空间内的同名声明所屏蔽;参考(
3.4.3.2
)。

5.

如果一个名字在作用域内并且没有被屏蔽,它被称为可见(
visible

)。

lookup_field_r (continue)

1196

/* If the lookup
already found a match, and the new value doesn't

1197

hide the old one,
we might have an ambiguity.
*/

1198

if (lfi->rval_binfo

1199

&& !is_subobject_of_p
(lfi->rval_binfo, binfo))

1200

1201

{

1202

if (nval == lfi->rval &&
shared_member_p (nval))

1203

/* The two things are really the same.
*/

1204

;

1205

else if (is_subobject_of_p
(binfo, lfi->rval_binfo))

1206

/* The previous
value hides the new one.
*/

1207

;

1208

else

1209

{

1210

/* We have a real
ambiguity. We keep a chain of all the

1211

candidates.
*/

1212

if (!lfi->ambiguous &&
lfi->rval)

1213

{

1214

/* This is
the first time we noticed an ambiguity. Add

1215

what we
previously thought was a reasonable candidate

1216

to the
list.
*/

1217

lfi->ambiguous = tree_cons
(NULL_TREE, lfi->rval, NULL_TREE);

1218

TREE_TYPE (lfi->ambiguous) =
error_mark_node;

1219

}

1220

1221

/* Add the new value.
*/

1222

lfi->ambiguous = tree_cons (NULL_TREE,
nval, lfi->ambiguous);

1223

TREE_TYPE (lfi->ambiguous) =
error_mark_node;

1224

lfi->errstr = "request for member
`%D' is ambiguous";

1225

}

1226

}

1227

else

1228

{

1229

lfi->rval = nval;

1230

lfi->rval_binfo = binfo;

1231

}

1232

1233

return
NULL_TREE;

1234

}

在上面的
lfi

中,
rval

域记录了最后的查找结果,而
rval_binfo

则是对应的
binfo
。因为
lfi

在整个遍历中都存活着,这些域如果不是
NULL
,则表示了有二义性的可能,除非
rval_binfo


binfo

(现在正在查找的类型)具有继承关系。另一个例外是这
2
个项都是同一个。

1114

static
int

1115

is_subobject_of_p

(tree parent, tree binfo)

in search.c

1116

{

1117

tree probe;

1118

1119

for
(probe =
parent; probe; probe = BINFO_INHERITANCE_CHAIN (probe))

1120

{

1121

if (probe == binfo)

1122

return
1;

1123

if (TREE_VIA_VIRTUAL (probe))

1124

return
(purpose_member (BINFO_TYPE
(probe),

1125

CLASSTYPE_VBASECLASSES
(BINFO_TYPE (binfo)))

1126

!=
NULL_TREE);

1127

}

1128

return
0;

1129

}

函数
is_subobject_of_p

分辨给定的类型是否具有继承关系。它的实现简单直接。

在遍历后,如果有所发现,
lfi

中的
rval


rval_binfo

记录了查找的结果。而且如果发现了二义性,具有二义性的域被记录在
ambiguous

域。

lookup_member (continue)

1328

rval = lfi.rval;

1329

rval_binfo = lfi.rval_binfo;

1330

if (rval_binfo)

1331

type = BINFO_TYPE (rval_binfo);

1332

errstr = lfi.errstr;

1333

1334

/* If we are not
interested in ambiguities, don't report them;

1335

just return
NULL_TREE.
*/

1336

if (!protect && lfi.ambiguous)

1337

return
NULL_TREE;

1338

1339

if (protect == 2)

1340

{

1341

if (lfi.ambiguous)

1342

return
lfi.ambiguous;

1343

else

1344

protect = 0;

1345

}

1346

1347

/* [class.access]

1348

1349

In

the case of overloaded function names, access
control is

1350

applied to the
function selected by overloaded resolution.

*/

1351

if (rval && protect && !is_overloaded_fn
(rval))

1352

perform_or_defer_access_check
(basetype_path, rval);

1353

1354

if (errstr && protect)

1355

{

1356

error (errstr, name, type);

1357

if (lfi.ambiguous)

1358

print_candidates (lfi.ambiguous);

1359

rval = error_mark_node;

1360

}

1361

1362

if (rval && is_overloaded_fn
(rval))

1363

rval = build_baselink
(rval_binfo, basetype_path, rval,

1364

(IDENTIFIER_TYPENAME_P (name)

1365

? TREE_TYPE (name):
NULL_TREE));

1366

return
rval;

1367

}

注意上面的
is_overloaded_fn

返回
true
如果
rval
可以被重载。对于可以被重载及访问的方法,要构建
BASELINK
节点,它代表对一个或一组基类的方法的引用。注意到类本身可以作为自己的基类。

1240

tree

1241

build_baselink

(tree binfo, tree access_binfo, tree functions, tree optype)

1242

{

1243

tree baselink;

1244

1245

my_friendly_assert (TREE_CODE (functions) ==
FUNCTION_DECL

1246

|| TREE_CODE (functions) ==
TEMPLATE_DECL

1247

|| TREE_CODE (functions) ==
TEMPLATE_ID_EXPR

1248

|| TREE_CODE (functions) ==
OVERLOAD,

1249

20020730);

1250

my_friendly_assert (!optype || TYPE_P
(optype), 20020730);

1251

my_friendly_assert (TREE_TYPE (functions),
20020805);

1252

1253

baselink = make_node
(BASELINK);

1254

TREE_TYPE (baselink) = TREE_TYPE (functions);

1255

BASELINK_BINFO (baselink) = binfo;

1256

BASELINK_ACCESS_BINFO (baselink) =
access_binfo;

1257

BASELINK_FUNCTIONS (baselink) = functions;

1258

BASELINK_OPTYPE (baselink) = optype;

1259

1260

return
baselink;

1261

}

BASELINK_FUNCTIONS
给出了对应于函数的
FUNCTION_DECL

TEMPLATE_DECL

OVERLOAD

TEMPLATE_ID_EXPR

BASELINK_BINFO
给出了这些函数所来自的基类,即,在调用这些函数之前,“
this
”指针需要被转换至的基类(这个
BINFO
指示了
BASELINK_FUNCTIONS
所来自的基类)。
BASELINK_ACCESS_BINFO
给出了命名这些函数的基类(在这个
BINFO
中开始查找由这个
baselink
所指明的函数。这个基类通常用来确定由重载解析所选定函数的可访问性)。
BASELINK_BINFO

BASELINK_ACCESS_BINFO
可能会由
adjust_result_of_qualified_name_lookup

调整。

一个
BASELINK
是一个表达式;
BASELINK

TREE_TYPE
给出了表达式的类型。这个类型或者是一个
FUNCTION_TYPE

METHOD_TYPE
或者表示重载函数的
unknown_type_node



在结束这一节之前,让我们看一下,在
lookup_member


1327
行的
bfs_walk

中,如何选择合适的
binfo
。这是函数
lookup_field_queue_p



1041

static
tree

1042

lookup_field_queue_p

(tree derived, int ix, void *data)

1043

{

1044

tree binfo = BINFO_BASETYPE (derived, ix);

1045

struct
lookup_field_info
*lfi = (struct
lookup_field_info *) data;

1046

1047

/* Don't look for
constructors or destructors in base classes.

*/

1048

if (IDENTIFIER_CTOR_OR_DTOR_P (lfi->name))

1049

return
NULL_TREE;

1050

1051

/* If this base
class is hidden by the best-known value so far, we

1052

don't need to
look.
*/

1053

if (lfi->rval_binfo &&
original_binfo (binfo, lfi->rval_binfo))

1054

return
NULL_TREE;

1055

1056

/* If this is a
dependent base, don't look in it.
*/

1057

if (BINFO_DEPENDENT_BASE_P (binfo))

1058

return
NULL_TREE;

1059

1060

return
binfo;

1061

}

上面在
1053
行,
binfo

可能是在由
lfi->rval_binfo

支配的类层次树中的原始
original_binfo

binfo
,或者是一个复制的
binfo
。对于复制的
binfo

original_binfo

返回
NULL
,否则返回层次树中的原始的
binfo


那么如果
original_binfo

返回值不为
NULL
,表示
lfi->rval_binfo

(记住这个域保存了发现所查找名字的
binfo
)包含了
binfo

作为基类,不需要在其中查找。

5.12.4.1.1.2.1.2.


在指定对象中查找


而对于类似“
a->b
”或“
a.b
”的表达式,作用域‘
a
’被记录在“
parser->context->object_type
”,此时它被下面的
object_type

所指向。【
3
】规定:

如果在一个类成员访问中的
id-expression
是一个以下形式的
qualified-id


class-name-or-namespace-name::...

跟在操作符
.

->
后的
class-name-or-namespace-name
同时在整个
postfix-expression
上下文中及对象表达式(
object-expression
)的类的作用域中查找。如果只在该对象表达式的类的作用域中找到该名字,该名字应该是一个类名。如果仅在整个
postfix-expression
的上下文中找到该名字,这个名字应该是一个类名或名字空间名。如果在
2
个上下文中都找到这个名字,
它们应该指向同一个实体。
[
注意:
class-name-or-namespace-name
查找出来的结果不要求为该对象表达式的类中唯一的基类,只要被限定
id

qualified id
)命名的实体是对象表达式的类的成员并且根据
10.2
没有二义性。

struct
A {

int a;

};

struct
B: virtual
A { };

struct
C: B { };

struct
D: B { };

struct
E: public
C, public
D { };

struct
F: public
A { };

void f() {

E e;

e.B::a = 0; // OK, only one A::a in E

F f;

f.A::a = 1; // OK, A::a is a member of F

}

不过我尚未想明白什么情况下
class-name-or-namespace-name
可以是名字空间名
L

。例如:

namespace
NA {

int i;

struct
A { };

void func () {

A a;

a.NA::i = 5;

}

}

int main () {

return
1;

}

根据上面的规则,“
a.NA::i
”中的
NA
将在
func
所在上下文查找,并最终确定为名字空间名,但是在
finish_class_member_access_expr

中,这个表达式最终被确认为错误。

cp_parser_lookup_name (continue)

13811

else if (object_type)

13812

{

13813

tree object_decl =
NULL_TREE;

13814

/*
Look up the name in the scope of the OBJECT_TYPE, unless the

13815

OBJECT_TYPE is not a
class.
*/

13816

if (CLASS_TYPE_P
(object_type))

13817

/* If the
OBJECT_TYPE is a template specialization, it may

13818

be
instantiated during name lookup. In that case, errors

13819

may be issued. Even if we rollback the
current tentative

13820

parse, those errors are valid.
*/

13821

object_decl = lookup_member
(object_type,

13822

name,

13823

/*protect=*/
0,
is_type);

13824

/* Look it up in the
enclosing context, too.
*/

13825

decl = lookup_name_real
(name, is_type, /*nonclass=*/
0,

13826

is_namespace, flags);

13827

parser->object_scope =
object_type;

13828

parser->qualifying_scope = NULL_TREE;

13829

if (object_decl)

13830

decl = object_decl;

13831

}


3
】并没有规定在
2
个上下文中同时找到名字时采取何者。
GCC
采用在对象表达式的类作用域中找到的那个。注意,函数
lookup_member


lookup_name_real

都能保证找到的结果没有二义性。

上面在
13827
行,
parser


object_scope


qualifying_scope

保存了最后一次查找所在的作用域。如果使用了形如“
x->y
”或“
x.y
”的表达式,使用
object_scope

,它分别给出类型“
*x
”或“
x
”;对于形如“
X::Y
”的表达式,使用
qualifying_scope

,它指向
X
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