ORACLE SQLPLUS常用命令及查询

http://blog.csdn.net/gjgj3368/archive/2010/01/11/5174097.aspx

1.启动停止TNS监听

lsnrctl start

lsnrctl stop
2.启动Oracle Services

net start OracleServiceOrcl

net stop
OracleServiceOrcl
SQL> show all --查看所有68个系统变量值

SQL> show user --显示当前连接用户

SQL>
show error　　 --显示错误

SQL> set heading off --禁止输出列标题，默认值为ON

SQL>
set feedback off --禁止显示最后一行的计数反馈信息，默认值为"对6个或更多的记录，回送ON"

SQL> set
timing on --默认为OFF，设置查询耗时，可用来估计SQL语句的执行时间，测试性能

SQL> set
sqlprompt "SQL> " --设置默认提示符，默认值就是"SQL> "

SQL> set linesize
1000 --设置屏幕显示行宽，默认100

SQL> set autocommit ON --设置是否自动提交，默认为OFF

SQL>
set pause on --默认为OFF，设置暂停，会使屏幕显示停止，等待按下ENTER键，再显示下一页

SQL> set
arraysize 1 --默认为15

SQL> set long 1000 --默认为80
列出当前用户下所有同义词的定义，可用来测试同义词的真实存在性

select 'desc '||tname from tab
where tabtype='SYNONYM';
查询当前用户下所有表的记录数

select 'select '''||tname||''',count(*) from
'||tname||';' from tab where tabtype='TABLE';
把所有符合条件的表的select权限授予为public

select 'grant select on
'||table_name||' to public;' from user_tables where 《条件》;
删除用户下各种对象

select 'drop '||tabtype||' '||tname from tab;
删除符合条件用户

select 'drop user '||username||' cascade;' from
all_users where user_id>25;
下面按类别列出一些ORACLE用户常用数据字典的查询使用方法。

1、用户

查看当前用户的缺省表空间

SQL>select
username,default_tablespace from user_users;
查看当前用户的角色

SQL>select * from user_role_privs;
查看当前用户的系统权限和表级权限

SQL>select * from user_sys_privs;

SQL>select
* from user_tab_privs;
2、表

查看用户下所有的表

SQL>select * from user_tables;
查看名称包含log字符的表

SQL>select object_name,object_id from
user_objects

where instr(object_name,'LOG')>0;
查看某表的创建时间

SQL>select object_name,created from user_objects
where object_name=upper('&table_name');
查看某表的大小

SQL>select sum(bytes)/(1024*1024) as "size(M)" from
user_segments

where segment_name=upper('&table_name');
查看放在ORACLE的内存区里的表

SQL>select table_name,cache from
user_tables where instr(cache,'Y')>0;
3、索引

查看索引个数和类别

SQL>select index_name,index_type,table_name
from user_indexes order by table_name;
查看索引被索引的字段

SQL>select * from user_ind_columns where
index_name=upper('&index_name');
查看索引的大小

SQL>select sum(bytes)/(1024*1024) as "size(M)" from
user_segments

where segment_name=upper('&index_name');
4、序列号

查看序列号，last_number是当前值

SQL>select * from
user_sequences;
5、视图

查看视图的名称

SQL>select view_name from user_views;
查看创建视图的select语句

SQL>set view_name,text_length from
user_views;

SQL>set long 2000; 说明：可以根据视图的text_length值设定set long
的大小

SQL>select text from user_views where
view_name=upper('&view_name');
6、同义词

查看同义词的名称

SQL>select * from user_synonyms;
7、约束条件

查看某表的约束条件

SQL>select constraint_name,
constraint_type,search_condition, r_constraint_name

from
user_constraints where table_name = upper('&table_name');
SQL>select c.constraint_name,c.constraint_type,cc.column_name

from
user_constraints c,user_cons_columns cc

where c.owner =
upper('&table_owner') and c.table_name = upper('&table_name')

and
c.owner = cc.owner and c.constraint_name = cc.constraint_name

order
by cc.position;
8、存储函数和过程

查看函数和过程的状态

SQL>select object_name,status from
user_objects where object_type='FUNCTION';

SQL>select
object_name,status from user_objects where object_type='PROCEDURE';
查看函数和过程的源代码

SQL>select text from all_source where owner=user
and name=upper('&plsql_name');
三、查看数据库的SQL

1、查看表空间的名称及大小

select t.tablespace_name,
round(sum(bytes/(1024*1024)),0) ts_size

from dba_tablespaces t,
dba_data_files d

where t.tablespace_name = d.tablespace_name

group
by t.tablespace_name;
2、查看表空间物理文件的名称及大小

select tablespace_name, file_id, file_name,

round(bytes/(1024*1024),0)
total_space

from dba_data_files

order by tablespace_name;
3、查看回滚段名称及大小

select segment_name, tablespace_name, r.status,

(initial_extent/1024)
InitialExtent,(next_extent/1024) NextExtent,

max_extents, v.curext
CurExtent

From dba_rollback_segs r, v$rollstat v

Where
r.segment_id = v.usn(+)

order by segment_name ;
4、查看控制文件

select name from v$controlfile;
5、查看日志文件

select member from v$logfile;
6、查看表空间的使用情况

select sum(bytes)/(1024*1024) as
free_space,tablespace_name

from dba_free_space

group by
tablespace_name;
SELECT A.TABLESPACE_NAME,A.BYTES TOTAL,B.BYTES USED, C.BYTES FREE,

(B.BYTES*100)/A.BYTES
"% USED",(C.BYTES*100)/A.BYTES "% FREE"

FROM SYS.SM$TS_AVAIL
A,SYS.SM$TS_USED B,SYS.SM$TS_FREE C

WHERE
A.TABLESPACE_NAME=B.TABLESPACE_NAME AND
A.TABLESPACE_NAME=C.TABLESPACE_NAME;
7、查看数据库库对象

select owner, object_type, status, count(*) count#
from all_objects group by owner, object_type, status;
8、查看数据库的版本

Select version FROM Product_component_version

Where
SUBSTR(PRODUCT,1,6)='Oracle';
9、查看数据库的创建日期和归档方式

Select Created, Log_Mode, Log_Mode From
V$Database;
1. 显示当前连接。
SELECT
*

FROM
V$SESSION

WHERE STATUS =
'INACTIVE'

AND USERNAME IS NOT
NULL;

2. 强制关闭用户的连接
a) SELECT USERNAME, SID,
SERIAL#

FROM
V$SESSION

WHERE STATUS =
'INACTIVE'

AND USERNAME IS NOT
NULL;

b) ALTER SYSTEM KILL SESSION 'SID, SERIAL#'; --SID 和
SERIAL#是在步骤a)中得到的结果。
3. 从返回的结果中选择第m到n条记录
SELECT
*

FROM
(

SELECT A.*, ROWNUM
RN

FROM
(

SELECT
*

FROM YOURTABLE
--这里请用你的SELECT语句代替

)
A

WHERE ROWNUM <=
n

)

WHERE RN >=
m;

4. 重新编译包 (package) 和 包体 (package body)

此命令可以用于查看在SQLPLUS中创建的package的编译错误。
a) 编译 package

ALTER PACKAGE
YOUR_PACKAGE

COMPILE
SPECIFICATION;

b) 编译 package body

ALTER PACKAGE
YOUR_PACKAGE

COMPILE
BODY;

c) 查看错误

SHOW
ERR;

5. 解除锁定的用户
ALERT USER USERNAME UNLOCK;