[转帖]如何禁止特定IP访问Oracle数据库

　通过使用数据库服务器端的sqlnet.ora文件可以实现禁止指定IP主机访问数据库的功能，这对于提升数据库的安全性有很大的帮助，与此同时，这个技术为我们管理和约束数据库访问控制提供了有效的手段。下面是实现这个目的的具体步骤仅供参考：

　　1.默认的服务器端sqlnet.ora文件的内容：

　　这里我们以Oracle10.2.0.3版本为例进行简述,先来看一下当前sqlnet.ora文件内容：

# This file is actually generated by netca. But if customers choose to 　　# install "Software Only", this file wont exist and without the native 　　# authentication, they will not be able to connect to the database on NT. 　　SQLNET.AUTHENTICATION_SERVICES = (NTS)

　　2.确认客户端的IP地址：

C:/Documents and Settings/Administrator>ipconfig 　　WindowsIP Configuration 　　Ethernet adapter Local Area Connection 2: 　　Media State . . . . . . . . . . . : Media disconnected 　　Ethernet adapter Local Area Connection: 　　Connection-specific DNS Suffix . : 　　IP Address. . . . . . . . . . . . : 9.123.112.16 　　Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.255.0 　　Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : 9.123.112.1

　　3.在客户端分别使用tnsping命令和sqlplus命令来验证数据库的连通性：

C:/Documents and Settings/Administrator>tnsping irmdb 　　TNS Ping Utility for 32-bit Windows: Version 10.2.0.3.0 - Production on 06-APR-2010 11:05:09 　　Copyright (c) 1997, 2006, Oracle. All rights reserved. 　　Used parameter files: 　　C:/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/sqlnet.ora 　　Used TNSNAMES adapter to resolve the alias 　　Attempting to contact (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS_LIST = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP) 　　(HOST = 9.123.112.34)(PORT = 1521))) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVICE_NAME = irmdb))) 　　OK (20 msec) 　　C:/Documents and Settings/Administrator>sqlplus /nolog 　　SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.3.0 - Production on Tue Apr 6 11:05:12 2010 　　Copyright (c) 1982, 2006, Oracle. All Rights Reserved. 　　Connected.

　　到这里说明在客户端两种方式都证明的数据库的可连通性。

　　4.限制客户端IP地址9.123.112.16对当前irmdb数据库的访问：

　　我们只需要在服务器端的sqlnet.ora文件中添加下面的内容即可。

# This file is actually generated by netca. But if customers choose to 　　# install "Software Only", this file wont exist and without the native 　　# authentication, they will not be able to connect to the database on NT. 　　SQLNET.AUTHENTICATION_SERVICES = (NTS) 　　tcp.validnode_checking=yes 　　tcp.invited_nodes=(9.123.112.34) 　　tcp.excluded_nodes=(9.123.112.16)

　　第一行的含义：开启IP限制功能;

　　第二行的含义：允许访问数据库的IP地址列表，多个IP地址使用逗号分开，此例中我们写入数据库服务器的IP地址;

　　第三行的含义：禁止访问数据库的IP地址列表，多个IP地址使用逗号分开，此处我们写入欲限制的IP地址9.123.112.16。

　　5.重新启服务器端listener后生效(这里也可以通过lsnrctl reload方式实现)：

C:/Documents and Settings/Administrator>lsnrctl stop 　　LSNRCTL for 32-bit Windows: Version 10.2.0.3.0 - Production on 06-APR-2010 11:07:48 　　Copyright (c) 1991, 2006, Oracle. All rights reserved. 　　Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=rmesvr34.cn.ibm.com)(POR 　　T=1521))) 　　The command completed successfully 　　C:/Documents and Settings/Administrator>lsnrctl start 　　LSNRCTL for 32-bit Windows: Version 10.2.0.3.0 - Production on 06-APR-2010 11:07:52 　　Copyright (c) 1991, 2006, Oracle. All rights reserved. 　　Starting tnslsnr: please wait... 　　TNSLSNR for 32-bit Windows: Version 10.2.0.3.0 - Production 　　System parameter file is C:/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora 　　Log messages written to C:/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/log/listener.log 　　Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=rmesvr34.cn.ibm.com)(POR 　　T=1521))) 　　Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=rmesvr34.cn.ibm.com)(POR 　　T=1521))) 　　STATUS of the LISTENER 　　------------------------ 　　Alias LISTENER 　　Version TNSLSNR for 32-bit Windows: Version 10.2.0.3.0 - Produ 　　ction 　　Start Date 06-APR-2010 11:07:53 　　Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 2 sec 　　Trace Level off 　　Security ON: Local OS Authentication 　　SNMP OFF 　　Listener Parameter File C:/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.o 　　ra 　　Listener Log File C:/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/log/listener.log 　　Listening Endpoints Summary... 　　(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=rmesvr34.cn.ibm.com)(PORT=1521))) 　　Services Summary... 　　Service "PLSExtProc" has 1 instance(s). 　　Instance "PLSExtProc", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service... 　　The command completed successfully 　　C:/Documents and Settings/Administrator>sqlplus /nolog 　　SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.3.0 - Production on Tue Apr 6 11:07:57 2010 　　Copyright (c) 1982, 2006, Oracle. All Rights Reserved. 　　SQL> conn / as sysdba; 　　Connected. 　　SQL> alter system register; 　　System altered. 　　SQL> quit 　　Disconnected from Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.3.0 - Pr 　　oduction 　　With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options 　　C:/Documents and Settings/Administrator>lsnrctl status 　　LSNRCTL for 32-bit Windows: Version 10.2.0.3.0 - Production on 06-APR-2010 11:08:05 　　Copyright (c) 1991, 2006, Oracle. All rights reserved. 　　Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=rmesvr34.cn.ibm.com)(PORT=1521))) 　　STATUS of the LISTENER 　　------------------------ 　　Alias LISTENER 　　Version TNSLSNR for 32-bit Windows: Version 10.2.0.3.0 - Produ 　　ction 　　Start Date 06-APR-2010 11:07:53 　　Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 12 sec 　　Trace Level off 　　Security ON: Local OS Authentication 　　SNMP OFF 　　Listener Parameter File C:/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora 　　Listener Log File C:/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/log/listener.log 　　Listening Endpoints Summary... 　　(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=rmesvr34.cn.ibm.com)(PORT=1521))) 　　Services Summary... 　　Service "PLSExtProc" has 1 instance(s). 　　Instance "PLSExtProc", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service... 　　Service "irmdb" has 1 instance(s). 　　Instance "irmdb", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... 　　Service "irmdb_XPT" has 1 instance(s). 　　Instance "irmdb", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... 　　The command completed successfully

　　6.在客户端(9.123.112.16)分别再次使用tnsping命令和sqlplus命令来验证数据库的连通性：

C:/Documents and Settings/Administrator>tnsping irmdb 　　TNS Ping Utility for 32-bit Windows: Version 10.2.0.3.0 - Production on 06-APR-2010 11:09:20 　　Copyright (c) 1997, 2006, Oracle. All rights reserved. 　　Used parameter files: 　　C:/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/sqlnet.ora 　　Used TNSNAMES adapter to resolve the alias 　　Attempting to contact (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS_LIST = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP) 　　(HOST = 9.123.112.34)(PORT = 1521))) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVICE_NAME = irmdb))) 　　TNS-12537: TNS:connection closed 　　C:/Documents and Settings/Administrator>sqlplus /nolog 　　SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.3.0 - Production on Tue Apr 6 11:09:23 2010 　　Copyright (c) 1982, 2006, Oracle. All Rights Reserved. 　　ERROR: 　　ORA-12537: TNS:connection closed

　　到这里我们就可以证明，通过修改sqlnet.ora的方法，我们实现了限制指定机器IP访问数据库的功能。

　　最后需要特别注意的是tcp.invited_nodes允许列表的优先级要高于tcp.excluded_nodes受限IP列表。也就是说如果同一个IP地址如果同时出现在两个列表里的话，那么这个IP地址还是可以访问对应的数据库的。

如何禁止特定IP访问Oracle数据库
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