Rman全备份不完全恢复数据库(linux下)

数据库今天宕机了，数据文件和控制文件在一个磁盘，全部损坏，redo文件和
归档日志在两外一个磁盘，完好无损，只有两天前的rman全备份。经过30分钟的奋战，数据全部恢复。
模拟环境，具体恢复如下：
1：首先用rman全备份数据库数据（模拟两天前的rman全备份）
[oracle@www oracle]$ rman target /
Recovery Manager: Release 9.2.0.8.0 - Production
Copyright (c) 1995, 2002, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: EXITGOGO (DBID=267967027)
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RMAN> backup database;
Starting backup at 23-11月-06
using target database controlfile instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: sid=11 devtype=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backupset
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backupset
input datafile fno=00001 name=/free/oracle/oradata/exitgogo/system01.dbf
input datafile fno=00002 name=/free/oracle/oradata/exitgogo/undotbs01.dbf
input datafile fno=00003 name=/free/oracle/oradata/exitgogo/users01.dbf
input datafile fno=00006 name=/free/oracle/oradata/exitgogo/pub.dbf
input datafile fno=00004 name=/free/oracle/oradata/exitgogo/tools01.dbf
input datafile fno=00005 name=/free/oracle/oradata/exitgogo/indx01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 23-11月-06
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 23-11月-06
piece handle=/free/oracle/product/9.2.0.8/dbs/03i34pja_1_1 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:01:06
Finished backup at 23-11月-06

Starting Control File Autobackup at 23-11月-06
piece handle=/free/oracle/orabak/c-267967027-20061123-01 comment=NONE
Finished Control File Autobackup at 23-11月-06

RMAN> show all;
RMAN configuration parameters are:
CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY TO REDUNDANCY 2;
CONFIGURE BACKUP OPTIMIZATION ON;
CONFIGURE DEFAULT DEVICE TYPE TO DISK; # default
CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP ON;
CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP FORMAT FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO '/free/oracle/orabak/%F';
CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE DISK PARALLELISM 1;
CONFIGURE DATAFILE BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO 1; # default
CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO 1; # default
RMAN configuration has no stored or default parameters
CONFIGURE MAXSETSIZE TO UNLIMITED; # default
CONFIGURE SNAPSHOT CONTROLFILE NAME TO '/free/oracle/product/9.2.0.8/dbs/snapcf_exitgogo.f'; # default

RMAN>quit
2：创建一个新的表空间，然后添加测试数据（模拟两天之间数据库的变化）

创建了一个新的表空间pub，然后创建了用户pub。
[oracle@www oracle]$ sqlplus pub/pub
SQL*Plus: Release 9.2.0.8.0 - Production on 星期四 11月 23 17:37:28 2006
Copyright (c) 1982, 2002, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle9i Enterprise Edition Release 9.2.0.8.0 - Production
With the Partitioning and Oracle Data Mining options
JServer Release 9.2.0.8.0 – Production
添加一点测试数据：
SQL> create table gaojf1 as select * from all_objects;
Table created.
SQL> insert into gaojf1 select * from gaojf1;
5884 rows created.
SQL> /
11768 rows created.
SQL> /
。。。。。。。。。。。
188288 rows created.

SQL> /
376576 rows created.
SQL> commit;
Commit complete.
SQL> quit
Disconnected from Oracle9i Enterprise Edition Release 9.2.0.8.0 - Production
With the Partitioning and Oracle Data Mining options
JServer Release 9.2.0.8.0 - Production

3：删除所有数据文件和控制文件（模拟数据库宕机）
[oracle@www exitgogo]$ls -sh
total 886M
3.5M control01.ctl 33M indx01.dbf 51M redo02.log 136K temp01.dbf 129M users01.dbf 3.5M control02.ctl 101M pub.dbf 51M redo03.log 65M tools01.dbf 3.5M control03.ctl 51M redo01.log 201M system01.dbf 201M undotbs01.dbf
[oracle@www exitgogo]$ rm -rf ./*.dbf ./*.ctl
[oracle@www exitgogo]$ ls
redo01.log redo02.log redo03.log

4:恢复开始：
[oracle@www exitgogo]$ rman target /
Recovery Manager: Release 9.2.0.8.0 - Production
Copyright (c) 1995, 2002, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.
connected to target database (not started)
RMAN> startup nomount
Oracle instance started
Total System Global Area 235999648 bytes
Fixed Size 450976 bytes
Variable Size 201326592 bytes
Database Buffers 33554432 bytes
Redo Buffers 667648 bytes

首先从原来的全备份中恢复控制文件
RMAN>
restore controlfile from '/free/oracle/orabak/c-267967027-20061123-01';

Starting restore at 23-11月-06
using target database controlfile instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: sid=13 devtype=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring controlfile
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete
replicating controlfile
input filename=/free/oracle/oradata/exitgogo/control01.ctl
output filename=/free/oracle/oradata/exitgogo/control02.ctl
output filename=/free/oracle/oradata/exitgogo/control03.ctl
Finished restore at 23-11月-06
RMAN> alter database mount;
database mounted
RMAN> list backup;
List of Backup Sets
===================

BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
1 Full 3M DISK 00:00:00 23-11月-06
BP Key: 1 Status: AVAILABLE Tag:
Piece Name: /free/oracle/orabak/c-267967027-20061123-01
Controlfile Included: Ckp SCN: 73561 Ckp time: 23-11月-06

BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
2 Full 223M DISK 00:00:57 23-11月-06
BP Key: 2 Status: AVAILABLE Tag: TAG20061123T173423
Piece Name: /free/oracle/product/9.2.0.8/dbs/03i34p90_1_1
List of Datafiles in backup set 2
File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Name
---- -- ---- ---------- ---------- ----
1 Full 73688 23-11月-06 /free/oracle/oradata/exitgogo/system01.dbf
2 Full 73688 23-11月-06 /free/oracle/oradata/exitgogo/undotbs01.dbf
3 Full 73688 23-11月-06 /free/oracle/oradata/exitgogo/users01.dbf
4 Full 73688 23-11月-06 /free/oracle/oradata/exitgogo/tools01.dbf
5 Full 73688 23-11月-06 /free/oracle/oradata/exitgogo/indx01.dbf

还原数据文件
RMAN> restore database;
Starting restore at 23-11月-06

using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backupset restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
restoring datafile 00001 to /free/oracle/oradata/exitgogo/system01.dbf
restoring datafile 00002 to /free/oracle/oradata/exitgogo/undotbs01.dbf
restoring datafile 00003 to /free/oracle/oradata/exitgogo/users01.dbf
restoring datafile 00004 to /free/oracle/oradata/exitgogo/tools01.dbf
restoring datafile 00005 to /free/oracle/oradata/exitgogo/indx01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
piece handle=/free/oracle/product/9.2.0.8/dbs/03i34p90_1_1 tag=TAG20061123T173423 params=NULL
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete
Finished restore at 23-11月-06
RMAN> quit

下面进入sqlplus进行不完全恢复

[oracle@www exitgogo]$ sqlplus "/as sysdba"

SQL*Plus: Release 9.2.0.8.0 - Production on 星期四 11月 23 17:51:07 2006
Copyright (c) 1982, 2002, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle9i Enterprise Edition Release 9.2.0.8.0 - Production
With the Partitioning and Oracle Data Mining options
JServer Release 9.2.0.8.0 - Production
SQL> select name from v$datafile;
NAME
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/free/oracle/oradata/exitgogo/system01.dbf
/free/oracle/oradata/exitgogo/undotbs01.dbf
/free/oracle/oradata/exitgogo/users01.dbf
/free/oracle/oradata/exitgogo/tools01.dbf
/free/oracle/oradata/exitgogo/indx01.dbf

可以看到，由于rman的全备份早于创建pub表空间，因此restore恢复中没有记录pub表空间的信息，但是由于redo file中还记录了pub表空间创建的信息，因此，先recover试试！

SQL> recover database using backup controlfile;
ORA-00279: change 73688 generated at 11/23/2006 17:34:24 needed for thread 1
ORA-00289: suggestion :
/free/oracle/product/9.2.0.8/dbs/archexitgogo/T0001S0000000008.ARC
ORA-00280: change 73688 for thread 1 is in sequence #8
Specify log: {<RET>=suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL}
auto
ORA-00283: recovery session canceled due to errors
ORA-01244: unnamed datafile(s) added to controlfile by media recovery
ORA-01110: data file 6: '/free/oracle/oradata/exitgogo/pub.dbf'
ORA-01112: media recovery not started

可以看到，在恢复了一个归档日志以后，oracle认出了pub表空间，同时提示了ORA-01244 错误，继续往下看：

SQL> select name from v$datafile;
NAME
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/free/oracle/oradata/exitgogo/system01.dbf
/free/oracle/oradata/exitgogo/undotbs01.dbf
/free/oracle/oradata/exitgogo/users01.dbf
/free/oracle/oradata/exitgogo/tools01.dbf
/free/oracle/oradata/exitgogo/indx01.dbf
/free/oracle/product/9.2.0.8/dbs/UNNAMED00006

6 rows selected.

可以看到，oracle中莫名的多出了一个文件UNNAMED00006，
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出现这个文件的原因是由于redo file中记录了pub的信息，在通过recover恢复后，系统也认到了有pub这个表空间的存在，但是由于控制文件中没有记录这个文件的信息，所以oracle抛了一个错误，说发现一个没有命名的文件，然后oracle系统本身给这个文件做了一个命名。

可以通过下面的方式把pub表空间数据文件移动到合适的位置。

SQL>
alter database create datafile 6 as '/free/oracle/oradata/exitgogo/pub.dbf';
Database altered.
SQL> col name format a40
SQL> select file#,name from v$datafile;

FILE# NAME
---------- ----------------------------------------
1 /free/oracle/oradata/exitgogo/system01.d bf
2 /free/oracle/oradata/exitgogo/undotbs01.dbf
3 /free/oracle/oradata/exitgogo/users01.dbf
4 /free/oracle/oradata/exitgogo/tools01.dbf
FILE# NAME
---------- ----------------------------------------
5 /free/oracle/oradata/exitgogo/indx01.dbf
6 /free/oracle/oradata/exitgogo/pub.dbf
6 rows selected.

继续恢复：
SQL> recover database using backup controlfile;
ORA-00279: change 73805 generated at 11/23/2006 17:37:18 needed for thread 1
ORA-00289: suggestion :
/free/oracle/product/9.2.0.8/dbs/archexitgogo/T0001S0000000008.ARC
ORA-00280: change 73805 for thread 1 is in sequence #8
Specify log: {<RET>=suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL}
auto
ORA-00279: change 74363 generated at 11/23/2006 17:38:51 needed for thread 1
ORA-00289: suggestion :
/free/oracle/product/9.2.0.8/dbs/archexitgogo/T0001S0000000009.ARC
ORA-00280: change 74363 for thread 1 is in sequence #9
ORA-00278: log file
'/free/oracle/product/9.2.0.8/dbs/archexitgogo/T0001S0000000008.ARC' no longer
needed for this recovery

ORA-00308: cannot open archived log
'/free/oracle/product/9.2.0.8/dbs/archexitgogo/T0001S0000000009.ARC'
ORA-27037: unable to obtain file status
Linux Error: 2: No such file or directory
Additional information: 3
由于我的归档没有T0001S0000000009了，所以可能需要redo file了
SQL> recover database using backup controlfile;
ORA-00279: change 74363 generated at 11/23/2006 17:38:51 needed for thread 1
ORA-00289: suggestion :
/free/oracle/product/9.2.0.8/dbs/archexitgogo/T0001S0000000009.ARC
ORA-00280: change 74363 for thread 1 is in sequence #9
Specify log: {<RET>=suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL}
/free/oracle/oradata/exitgogo/redo01.log
ORA-00310: archived log contains sequence 7; sequence 9 required
ORA-00334: archived log: '/free/oracle/oradata/exitgogo/redo01.log'

SQL> recover database using backup controlfile;
ORA-00279: change 74363 generated at 11/23/2006 17:38:51 needed for thread 1
ORA-00289: suggestion :
/free/oracle/product/9.2.0.8/dbs/archexitgogo/T0001S0000000009.ARC
ORA-00280: change 74363 for thread 1 is in sequence #9
Specify log: {<RET>=suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL}
/free/oracle/oradata/exitgogo/redo02.log
ORA-00310: archived log contains sequence 8; sequence 9 required
ORA-00334: archived log: '/free/oracle/oradata/exitgogo/redo02.log'

SQL> recover database using backup controlfile;
ORA-00279: change 74363 generated at 11/23/2006 17:38:51 needed for thread 1
ORA-00289: suggestion :
/free/oracle/product/9.2.0.8/dbs/archexitgogo/T0001S0000000009.ARC
ORA-00280: change 74363 for thread 1 is in sequence #9
Specify log: {<RET>=suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL}
/free/oracle/oradata/exitgogo/redo03.log
Log applied.
Media recovery complete.
可以看到，新建的pub表空间的数据信息在redo03.log中存在，这是因为我的测试数据量很小的原因。如果从rman全备份后到系统宕机这段时间数据量很大的话，可能有很多的归档信息需要恢复，同时redo file也是不可少的。
SQL> alter database open resetlogs;
alter database open resetlogs
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01153: an incompatible media recovery is active
SQL> quit
Disconnected from Oracle9i Enterprise Edition Release 9.2.0.8.0 - Production
With the Partitioning and Oracle Data Mining options
JServer Release 9.2.0.8.0 - Production
[oracle@www exitgogo]$ sqlplus "/as sysdba"
SQL*Plus: Release 9.2.0.8.0 - Production on 星期四 11月 23 18:02:00 2006
Copyright (c) 1982, 2002, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle9i Enterprise Edition Release 9.2.0.8.0 - Production
With the Partitioning and Oracle Data Mining options
JServer Release 9.2.0.8.0 - Production
SQL> alter database open resetlogs;
Database altered.
SQL> conn pub/pub
Connected.
SQL> select count(*) from gaojf1;
COUNT(*)
----------
753152
SQL>
可以看到，数据完全恢复，

这样恢复完成后，马上又做了一个全库的rman备份。