使用WMI获得系统信息

学习笔记 -- 使用WMI获得系统信息

WMI是Windows 2K/XP管理系统的核心。WMI以CIMOM为基础，CIMOM即公共信息模型对象管理器（Common Information Model Object Manager），是一个描述操作系统构成单元的对象数据库，为MMC和脚本程序提供了一个访问操作系统构成单元的公共接口。有了WMI，工具软件和脚本程序访问操作系统的不同部分时不需要使用不同的API；相反，操作系统的不同部分都可以插入WMI，工具软件和WMI可以方便地读写WMI。

使用WMI可以干的事情。

使用WMI可以得到操作系统、CPU、内存、主板、磁盘、输入设备、电源等等硬件信息，可得到文件系统、驱动、桌面、共享等等软件信息。并且是通过统一接口来实现。

使用VC6.0编写WMI程序的步骤。

1.初始化COM

使用c++编写WMI程序必须首先初始化COM，因为WMI是以COM为基础的，可使用CoInitializeEx和CoInitializeSecurity来完成初始化。

2.建立一个到WMI名字空间的连接。

使用函数CoCreateInstance和IWbemLocator::ConnectServer完成。

3.设置WMI连接的安全等级。

使用函数CoSetProxyBlanket完成。

4.读去要获得的信息

5.释放应用程序占用的资源

释放COM。

WMI的名字空间和类名。

查看WMI的类名可使用WMI CIM Stdio工具。下载地址：http://download.microsoft.com/download/.NetStandardServer/Install/V1.1/NT5XP/EN-US/WMITools.exe

msdn的详细说明地址：

http://msdn2.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa394572.aspx

//以下是我近两天写的一个程序，用以获取系统信息。

//通过以下几步使用下面的源代码

//1.复制以下代码做成文件(SystemInfoDlg.h .cpp)，加入这两个文件到MFC工程中；

//2.在ResourceView中添加一个新的Dialog，资源ID为IDD_SYSTEMINFO_DIALOG

//3.在Dialog中添加一个TreeCtrl控件，资源ID为IDC_TREE

//4.打开类向导，为IDC_TREE控件添加一个CTreeCtrll类型的控制变量m_tree

//本例中和WMI相关的主要是InitWMI，ClearWMI，ShowOneRoot三个函数。

----------------------------File: SystemInfoDlg.h ------------

// SystemInfoDlg.h : header file

//

#if !defined(AFX_SYSTEMINFODLG_H__6BCA3276_DC40_47CC_ACBF_406E2F136325__INCLUDED_)

#define AFX_SYSTEMINFODLG_H__6BCA3276_DC40_47CC_ACBF_406E2F136325__INCLUDED_

#if _MSC_VER > 1000

#pragma once

#endif // _MSC_VER > 1000

#include <objbase.h>

#include <comdef.h>

#include <Wbemidl.h>

#include <iostream>

#include <string>

#include <atlconv.h>

//#define unsigned short WCHAR TCHAR ;

typedef struct tagTREEITEM{

unsigned short *strName; //显示名称

unsigned short *strProperty; //property字符串

int rvType;

} TREEITEM ;

typedef struct tagTREEROOT{

TCHAR *strItemName;//tree的显示名称

unsigned short *strResource;//要访问的资源

unsigned short *strQuery; //Query语句

TREEITEM * item ; //item表

} TREEROOT ;

/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

// CSystemInfoDlg dialog

class CSystemInfoDlg : public CDialog

{

// Construction

public:

CSystemInfoDlg(CWnd* pParent = NULL); // standard constructor

public:

void ShowAllInfo();

void ShowOneRoot(HTREEITEM hParent,TREEROOT *treeRoot);

HTREEITEM m_hTreeRoot;

TREEROOT * root;

//WMI

void InitWMI();

void ClearWMI();

CFont m_font;

// Dialog Data

//{{AFX_DATA(CSystemInfoDlg)

enum { IDD = IDD_SYSTEMINFO_DIALOG };

CTreeCtrl m_tree;

//}}AFX_DATA

// ClassWizard generated virtual function overrides

//{{AFX_VIRTUAL(CSystemInfoDlg)

protected:

virtual void DoDataExchange(CDataExchange* pDX); // DDX/DDV support

//}}AFX_VIRTUAL

// Implementation

protected:

HICON m_hIcon;

// Generated message map functions

//{{AFX_MSG(CSystemInfoDlg)

virtual BOOL OnInitDialog();

afx_msg void OnSysCommand(UINT nID, LPARAM lParam);

afx_msg void OnPaint();

afx_msg HCURSOR OnQueryDragIcon();

virtual void OnOK();

afx_msg void OnDestroy();

afx_msg void OnTimer(UINT nIDEvent);

afx_msg void OnSize(UINT nType, int cx, int cy);

//}}AFX_MSG

DECLARE_MESSAGE_MAP()

};

//`AFX_INSERT_LOCATION`

// Microsoft Visual C++ will insert additional declarations immediately before the previous line.

#endif // !defined(AFX_SYSTEMINFODLG_H__6BCA3276_DC40_47CC_ACBF_406E2F136325__INCLUDED_)

-------------------------------------------------------------------------

----------------------FIle:-----------------------------------

// SystemInfoDlg.cpp : implementation file

//

#include "stdafx.h"

#include "SystemInfo.h"

#include "SystemInfoDlg.h"

#pragma comment(lib, "wbemuuid.lib")

#pragma comment(lib, "ole32.lib")

#ifdef _DEBUG

#define new DEBUG_NEW

#undef THIS_FILE

static char THIS_FILE[] = __FILE__;

#endif

/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

// CAboutDlg dialog used for App About

#define TIME_INTERVAL 10

#define MAX_OBJECT 128

#define EXPAND_COUNT 5

//第三项表示获取的值的类型：0--字符串,1-bool,2--整型

TREEITEM itemAntiVirusProduct[]={

{L"软件名称：",L"DisplayName",0},

{L"版本：",L"VersionNumber",0},

{L"生产厂商：",L"CompanyName",0},

{L"最新病毒库：",L"ProductUptoDate",1},

{L"pathToUpdateUI",L"pathToUpdateUI",0},

{NULL,NULL}

};

TREEITEM itemFirewallProduct[]={

{L"软件名称：",L"displayName",0},

{L"版本：",L"versionNumber",0},

{L"生产厂商：",L"CompanyName",0},

{NULL,NULL,0}

};

TREEITEM itemACE[]={

{L"GuidObjectType：",L"GuidObjectType",0},

{L"GuidInheritedObjectType：",L"GuidInheritedObjectType",0},

{NULL,NULL,0}

};

TREEITEM itemOperatingSystem[]={

{L"操作系统：",L"Caption",0},

{L"版本：",L"Version",0},

{L"BuildType：",L"BuildType",0},

{L"BuildNumber：",L"BuildNumber",0},

{L"补丁版本：",L"CSDVersion",0},

{L"序列号：",L"SerialNumber",0},

{L"发行商：",L"Manufacturer",0},

{L"组织名称：",L"Organization",0},

{L"注册给：",L"RegisteredUser",0},

{L"网络名：",L"CSName",0},

{L"系统路径：",L"WindowsDirectory",0},

{L"System路径：",L"SystemDirectory",0},

{L"国家代码：",L"CountryCode",0},

{NULL,NULL,0}

};

TREEITEM itemCIM_OperatingSystem[]={

{L"总物理内存(KB)：",L"TotalVisibleMemorySize",0},

{L"剩余物理内存(KB)：",L"FreePhysicalMemory",0},

{L"总虚拟内存(KB)：",L"TotalVirtualMemorySize",0},

{L"剩余虚拟内存(KB)：",L"FreeVirtualMemory",0},

{L"空闲内存(KB)：",L"FreeSpaceInPagingFiles",0},

{L"最后一次启动时间：",L"LastBootUpTime",0},

{NULL,NULL,0}

};

TREEITEM itemWin32_Registry[]={

{L"最大值：",L"MaximumSize",0},

{L"当前大小：",L"CurrentSize",0},

{L"建议大小：",L"ProposedSize",0},

{NULL,NULL,0}

};

TREEITEM itemCIM_Processor[]={

{L"设备号：",L"DeviceID",0},

{L"名称：",L"Description",0},

{L"最大频率：",L"MaxClockSpeed",0},

{L"当前频率：",L"CurrentClockSpeed",0},

{L"地址宽度：",L"AddressWidth",0},

{L"数据宽度：",L"DataWidth",0},

{NULL,NULL,0}

};

TREEITEM itemWin32_BIOS[]={

{L"名称：",L"Description",0},

{L"SMBIOS版本：",L"SMBIOSBIOSVersion",0},

{L"语言：",L"CurrentLanguage",0},

{L"生产厂商：",L"Manufacturer",0},

{L"序列号：",L"SerialNumber",0},

{NULL,NULL,0}

};

TREEITEM itemWin32_Service[]={

{L"名称：",L"DisplayName",0},

{L"描述：",L"Description",0},

{L"状态：",L"State",0},

{L"服务类型：",L"ServiceType",0},

{L"启动路径：",L"PathName",0},

{L"启动方式：",L"StartMode",0},

{NULL,NULL,0}

};

TREEITEM itemWin32_Environment[]={

{L"名称：",L"Name",0},

{L"描述：",L"Description",0},

{L"值：",L"VariableValue",0},

{NULL,NULL,0}

};

TREEROOT g_treeRoot[] ={

{"操作系统",L"root\\cimv2",L"Select * from Win32_OperatingSystem",itemOperatingSystem},

{"CPU",L"root\\cimv2",L"Select * from CIM_Processor",itemCIM_Processor},

{"内存",L"root\\cimv2",L"Select * from CIM_OperatingSystem",itemCIM_OperatingSystem},

{"注册表",L"root\\cimv2",L"Select * from Win32_Registry",itemWin32_Registry},

{"环境变量",L"root\\cimv2",L"Select * from Win32_Environment",itemWin32_Environment},

{"BIOS",L"root\\cimv2",L"Select * from Win32_BIOS",itemWin32_BIOS},

// {"安全",L"root\\cimv2",L"Select * from Win32_ACE",itemACE},

{"杀毒软件",L"root\\SecurityCenter",L"Select * from AntiVirusProduct",itemAntiVirusProduct},

{"防火墙",L"root\\SecurityCenter",L"Select * from FirewallProduct",itemFirewallProduct},

{"系统服务",L"root\\cimv2",L"Select * from Win32_Service",itemWin32_Service},

{NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL}

};

class CAboutDlg : public CDialog

{

public:

CAboutDlg();

// Dialog Data

//{{AFX_DATA(CAboutDlg)

enum { IDD = IDD_ABOUTBOX };

//}}AFX_DATA

// ClassWizard generated virtual function overrides

//{{AFX_VIRTUAL(CAboutDlg)

protected:

virtual void DoDataExchange(CDataExchange* pDX); // DDX/DDV support

//}}AFX_VIRTUAL

// Implementation

protected:

//{{AFX_MSG(CAboutDlg)

//}}AFX_MSG

DECLARE_MESSAGE_MAP()

};

CAboutDlg::CAboutDlg() : CDialog(CAboutDlg::IDD)

{

//{{AFX_DATA_INIT(CAboutDlg)

//}}AFX_DATA_INIT

}

void CAboutDlg::DoDataExchange(CDataExchange* pDX)

{

CDialog::DoDataExchange(pDX);

//{{AFX_DATA_MAP(CAboutDlg)

//}}AFX_DATA_MAP

}

BEGIN_MESSAGE_MAP(CAboutDlg, CDialog)

//{{AFX_MSG_MAP(CAboutDlg)

// No message handlers

//}}AFX_MSG_MAP

END_MESSAGE_MAP()

/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

// CSystemInfoDlg dialog

CSystemInfoDlg::CSystemInfoDlg(CWnd* pParent /*=NULL*/)

: CDialog(CSystemInfoDlg::IDD, pParent)

{

//{{AFX_DATA_INIT(CSystemInfoDlg)

// NOTE: the ClassWizard will add member initialization here

//}}AFX_DATA_INIT

m_hIcon = AfxGetApp()->LoadIcon(IDR_MAINFRAME);

}

void CSystemInfoDlg::DoDataExchange(CDataExchange* pDX)

{

CDialog::DoDataExchange(pDX);

//{{AFX_DATA_MAP(CSystemInfoDlg)

DDX_Control(pDX, IDC_TREE, m_tree);

//}}AFX_DATA_MAP

}

BEGIN_MESSAGE_MAP(CSystemInfoDlg, CDialog)

//{{AFX_MSG_MAP(CSystemInfoDlg)

ON_WM_SYSCOMMAND()

ON_WM_PAINT()

ON_WM_QUERYDRAGICON()

ON_WM_DESTROY()

ON_WM_TIMER()

ON_WM_SIZE()

//}}AFX_MSG_MAP

END_MESSAGE_MAP()

/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

// CSystemInfoDlg message handlers

BOOL CSystemInfoDlg::OnInitDialog()

{

CDialog::OnInitDialog();

// Add "About..." menu item to system menu.

// IDM_ABOUTBOX must be in the system command range.

ASSERT((IDM_ABOUTBOX & 0xFFF0) == IDM_ABOUTBOX);

ASSERT(IDM_ABOUTBOX < 0xF000);

CMenu* pSysMenu = GetSystemMenu(FALSE);

if (pSysMenu != NULL)

{

CString strAboutMenu;

strAboutMenu.LoadString(IDS_ABOUTBOX);

if (!strAboutMenu.IsEmpty())

{

pSysMenu->AppendMenu(MF_SEPARATOR);

pSysMenu->AppendMenu(MF_STRING, IDM_ABOUTBOX, strAboutMenu);

}

}

SetIcon(m_hIcon, TRUE); // Set big icon

SetIcon(m_hIcon, FALSE); // Set small icon

// TODO: Add extra initialization here

if(m_font.CreatePointFont(100,"宋体"))

m_tree.SetFont(&m_font);

InitWMI();

m_hTreeRoot = m_tree.InsertItem("本机系统信息",0,0,TVI_ROOT,TVI_LAST);

ShowAllInfo();

m_tree.Expand(m_hTreeRoot,TVE_EXPAND);

return TRUE; // return TRUE unless you set the focus to a control

}

void CSystemInfoDlg::ShowAllInfo()

{

root = g_treeRoot ;

SetTimer(1,TIME_INTERVAL,NULL);

}

void CSystemInfoDlg::OnTimer(UINT nIDEvent)

{

if(nIDEvent==1)

{

KillTimer(1);

if(root && root->item)

{

ShowOneRoot(m_hTreeRoot,root);

root ++ ;

m_tree.Expand(m_hTreeRoot,TVE_EXPAND);

SetTimer(1,TIME_INTERVAL,NULL);

}

else

{

root = NULL ;

KillTimer(1);

}

}

CDialog::OnTimer(nIDEvent);

}

void CSystemInfoDlg::OnSysCommand(UINT nID, LPARAM lParam)

{

if ((nID & 0xFFF0) == IDM_ABOUTBOX)

{

CAboutDlg dlgAbout;

dlgAbout.DoModal();

}

else

{

CDialog::OnSysCommand(nID, lParam);

}

}

// If you add a minimize button to your dialog, you will need the code below

// to draw the icon. For MFC applications using the document/view model,

// this is automatically done for you by the framework.

void CSystemInfoDlg::OnPaint()

{

if (IsIconic())

{

CPaintDC dc(this); // device context for painting

SendMessage(WM_ICONERASEBKGND, (WPARAM) dc.GetSafeHdc(), 0);

// Center icon in client rectangle

int cxIcon = GetSystemMetrics(SM_CXICON);

int cyIcon = GetSystemMetrics(SM_CYICON);

CRect rect;

GetClientRect(&rect);

int x = (rect.Width() - cxIcon + 1) / 2;

int y = (rect.Height() - cyIcon + 1) / 2;

// Draw the icon

dc.DrawIcon(x, y, m_hIcon);

}

else

{

CDialog::OnPaint();

}

}

HCURSOR CSystemInfoDlg::OnQueryDragIcon()

{

return (HCURSOR) m_hIcon;

}

void CSystemInfoDlg::OnOK()

{

}

void CSystemInfoDlg::OnDestroy()

{

ClearWMI();

CDialog::OnDestroy();

}

void CSystemInfoDlg::InitWMI()

{

//使用CoInitializeEx和CoInitializeSecurity初始化COM

HRESULT hres;

hres = CoInitializeEx(0, COINIT_MULTITHREADED );

if (FAILED(hres))

{

return ; //初始化COM异常：注意，COM只须也只能初始化一次

}

hres = CoInitializeSecurity(NULL,-1,NULL,NULL,RPC_C_AUTHN_LEVEL_DEFAULT,RPC_C_IMP_LEVEL_IMPERSONATE,NULL,EOAC_NONE,NULL );

if (FAILED(hres))

{

CoUninitialize();

return ;

}

}

void CSystemInfoDlg::ClearWMI()

{

CoUninitialize();

}

void CSystemInfoDlg::ShowOneRoot(HTREEITEM hParent,TREEROOT *treeRoot)

{

IWbemLocator *pLoc = NULL ;

IWbemServices *pSvc = NULL ;

IEnumWbemClassObject *pEnumerator = NULL ;

IWbemClassObject * m_pWbemClass[MAX_OBJECT] = {NULL};

_variant_t vProp;

std::string m_szProduct;

ULONG uReturn;

ULONG uCount ;

CString strItem;

CString strValue;

BSTR bszProp = NULL ;

BSTR m_bszWQL = NULL ;

BSTR bszQuery = NULL ;

TREEITEM* currItem=NULL; //循环变量

HTREEITEM hRoot; //本函数的根Item

HTREEITEM hCountRoot;//每一次Count循环的Root

if(!hParent)

hRoot = m_tree.InsertItem(treeRoot->strItemName,TVI_ROOT,TVI_LAST);

else

hRoot = m_tree.InsertItem(treeRoot->strItemName,hParent,TVI_LAST);

//连接到Server

HRESULT hres;

if( FAILED( CoCreateInstance(CLSID_WbemLocator,0,CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER,IID_IWbemLocator,

(LPVOID *) &pLoc) ))

{

goto end;

}

if( FAILED( pLoc->ConnectServer(_bstr_t(treeRoot->strResource),NULL,NULL,0,NULL,0,0,&pSvc)))

{

goto end;

}

//设置WMI连接的安全等级。

if (FAILED(CoSetProxyBlanket(pSvc,RPC_C_AUTHN_WINNT,RPC_C_AUTHZ_NONE,NULL,RPC_C_AUTHN_LEVEL_CALL,

RPC_C_IMP_LEVEL_IMPERSONATE,NULL,EOAC_NONE)))

{

goto end;

}

if(!pSvc) goto end ;

//列举

m_bszWQL = SysAllocString ( L"WQL" );

bszQuery = SysAllocString (treeRoot->strQuery);

if ( m_bszWQL == NULL || bszQuery == NULL)

{

goto end ;

}

if(FAILED(pSvc->ExecQuery(m_bszWQL,bszQuery,WBEM_FLAG_RETURN_IMMEDIATELY,

NULL,&pEnumerator)))

{

goto end ;

}

if(FAILED(pEnumerator->Next( WBEM_INFINITE, MAX_OBJECT, m_pWbemClass, &uReturn ) ))

{

goto end ;

}

if(uReturn<=0)

{

strItem = "未检测到此类型的信息";

m_tree.InsertItem(strItem,hRoot);

goto end ;

}

for(uCount=0;uCount<uReturn;uCount++)

{

//如果有多个结果，新开一级item

if(uReturn>1)

{

hCountRoot = m_tree.InsertItem(treeRoot->strItemName,hRoot,TVI_LAST);

}

else

{

hCountRoot = hRoot ;

}

currItem = treeRoot->item;

while(currItem->strName!=NULL)

{

bszProp = SysAllocString (currItem->strProperty);

hres = m_pWbemClass[uCount]->Get ( bszProp, 0, &vProp, 0, 0 );

if ( FAILED ( hres ) )

{

SysFreeString ( bszProp );

currItem++ ;

continue;

}

//显示

strItem = currItem->strName;

if( (vProp.vt == VT_EMPTY) || (vProp.vt == VT_NULL) )

{

SysFreeString ( bszProp );

currItem++ ;

continue ;

}

if(currItem->rvType ==0 ) //字符串

{

m_szProduct = (_bstr_t)vProp ;

strValue = m_szProduct.c_str();

}

else if(currItem->rvType==1) //bool

{

if(vProp.boolVal)

{

strValue = "是";

}

else

{

strValue = "否";

}

}

else if(currItem->rvType==2)

{

strValue.Format("%d",vProp.intVal);

}

if(uReturn>1 && currItem == treeRoot->item)

{ //如果有多个结果，则在第一子项时修改新一级item的名称

m_tree.SetItemText(hCountRoot,strValue);

}

strItem += strValue;

m_tree.InsertItem(strItem,hCountRoot);

SysFreeString ( bszProp );

currItem++ ;

}

}

if(uReturn<EXPAND_COUNT) //当项目不多时，展开

m_tree.Expand(hRoot,TVE_EXPAND);

end:

if(bszProp) SysFreeString ( bszProp );

if(m_bszWQL) SysFreeString ( m_bszWQL );

if(bszQuery) SysFreeString ( bszQuery );

if(pEnumerator) pEnumerator->Release();

for(int i=0;i<MAX_OBJECT;i++) if(m_pWbemClass[i]) m_pWbemClass[i]->Release();

if(pSvc) pSvc->Release();

if(pLoc) pLoc->Release();

}

void CSystemInfoDlg::OnSize(UINT nType, int cx, int cy)

{

CDialog::OnSize(nType, cx, cy);

CRect rc;

GetClientRect(rc);

if(IsWindowVisible())

m_tree.MoveWindow(rc);

}