实例简介HttpUnit结合JUnit自动测试Web应用

本文通过实例来讲解如何通过HttpUnit来对web应用进行测试,尤其是当下Ajax越来越流行的情况下,http request和response交互频繁,里面传输的内容也以Json或者XML为主,用HttpUnit结合JUnit来做测试可以带来很多好处,甚至是在web页面还不存在的情况下,通过模拟http请求,包括模拟上传文件,就可以用来测试服务端的servlet,action(有httprequest参数)等代码.

JAVA实例代码

HTTPStub :包装了HttpUnit提供的一些类,同时在初始化的时候做login验证,WebConversation会维护session的信息.

public class HTTPStub {

    private WebConversation httpConversation;

    private PostMethodWebRequest httpRequest;

    public HTTPStub() {

        httpConversation = new WebConversation();

        String urlLogin = EnvConstant.SERVER_CTXT + EnvConstant.SERVER_LOGINURL;

        GetMethodWebRequest getReq = new GetMethodWebRequest(urlLogin);

        try {

            httpConversation.getResponse(getReq);

        } catch (IOException e1) {

            // TODO Auto-generated catch block

            e1.printStackTrace();

        } catch (SAXException e1) {

            // TODO Auto-generated catch block

            e1.printStackTrace();

        }

    }

    public void initHttpRequest(String url) {

        httpRequest = new PostMethodWebRequest(EnvConstant.SERVER_CTXT + url, true);

    }

    public void setParameter(String name, String value) {

        httpRequest.setParameter(name, value);

    }

    public void setFile(String Filename) {

        InputStream inputStream = FileUtil.readFromdefaultClspath(Filename);

        httpRequest.selectFile("dumyfile", "dumyfile.csv", inputStream, "text/plain");

    }

    public WebResponse getHttpResponse() {

        try {

            return httpConversation.getResponse(httpRequest);

        } catch (IOException e) {

            // TODO Auto-generated catch block

            e.printStackTrace();

        } catch (SAXException e) {

            // TODO Auto-generated catch block

            e.printStackTrace();

        }

        return null;

    }

    public String getHttpResponseContents() {

        try {

            WebResponse resp = httpConversation.getResponse(httpRequest);

           

            StringBuffer strbf = new StringBuffer();

            BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(resp.getInputStream()));

            String str;

            while ((str = in.readLine()) != null) {

                strbf.append(str);

            }

            in.close();

            return strbf.toString();

        } catch (IOException e) {

            // TODO Auto-generated catch block

            e.printStackTrace();

        } catch (SAXException e) {

            // TODO Auto-generated catch block

            e.printStackTrace();

        }

        return null;

    }

}

对inputstream处理的一个util类:

public class FileUtil {

    public static InputStream readFromdefaultClspath(String fileName) {

        InputStream stream = ClassLoader.getSystemResourceAsStream(fileName);

        return stream;

    }

   

    public static String getContentsFromFile(String fileName) {

        InputStream stream = readFromdefaultClspath(fileName);

        StringBuffer strbf = new StringBuffer();

        try {

            BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(stream));

            String str;

            while ((str = in.readLine()) != null) {

                strbf.append(str);

            }

            in.close();

        } catch (IOException e) {

            e.printStackTrace();

        }

        return strbf.toString();

    }

   

}

 

Junit测试类:

public class ActionCopyBillTest {

    private HTTPStub httpStub;

    @Before

    public void setUp() throws Exception {

        httpStub = new HTTPStub();

    }

    @After

    public void tearDown() throws Exception {

    }

    @Test

    public void testPerform() {

        httpStub.initHttpRequest("FrontController?command=CopyBill");

        httpStub.setParameter("bm_cb_dtCategory", "Copy Bill Request");

        httpStub.setParameter("bm_cb_SRID", "SR0001");

        httpStub.setParameter("bm_cb_ItemOpt", "2- Custom Itemisation");

        httpStub.setParameter("bm_cb_BillLanCode", "ENG");

        httpStub.setParameter("bm_cb_LegendPrs", "Copy Legend");

        httpStub.setParameter("bm_cb_BillStruct", "Front Page Only");

        httpStub.setParameter("bm_cb_ItemThd", "1");

        httpStub.setParameter("bm_cb_BillMedia", "Paper Bill");

        httpStub.setParameter("bm_cb_BillFormat", "Blue Bill");

        httpStub.setFile("testdata/req/CopyBill_1.csv");

        String respContents = httpStub.getHttpResponseContents();

       

        String ritContents = FileUtil.getContentsFromFile("testdata/rep/CopyBill_1.rsp");

        Assert.assertEquals(respContents, ritContents);

    }

}

如果想对response进行验证,可以通过手工从html页面输入数据,提交请求,用工具(如eclipse带有的插件tcp/ip monitor)将response截取下来保存为文件,然后和junit测试的时候的response对比.

另外,返回的response也提供了一系列方法来操作其包含的内容:

1,如返回的是文本,可以通过resp.getText()获取,如果文本是json格式,可以再进一步构造成jsonobject来操作.

    String respContents = resp.getText();

    JSONObject json = new JSONObject(respContents);

    System.out.println(json.getInt("total"));

    JSONArray arr = json.getJSONArray("userdata");

    System.out.println(arr.get(0));

2,如果返回的是XML(标准结构的html也是合法的XML),可以得到w3c 的document对象,resp.getDOM();

3,如果返回的是html页面,WebResponse提供了一组类似于Javascript操作html dom的方法.

resp.getElementWithID(id)

resp.getTables();

...

可以在http://httpunit.sourceforge.net/doc/cookbook.html找到更详细的信息.