Console.WriteLine()函数中{}输出格式详解(C#)

Console.WriteLine()函数的格式一直没怎么注意。今天同事问起Console.WriteLine({0:D3},a)的意义，忽然发现不知道D代表什么意义。以前以为{0,4}是指第一个变量输出时占8位，今天查了一下，发现也并不完全正确。

其中格式项都采用如下形式：

{index[,alignment][:formatString]}

其中"index"指索引占位符，这个肯定都知道；

",alignment"按字面意思显然是对齐方式,以","为标记；

":formatString"就是对输出格式的限定，以":"为标记。

alignment:可选，是一个带符号的整数，指示首选的格式化字段宽度。如果“对齐”值小于格式化字符串的长度，“对齐”会被忽略，并且使用格式化字符串的长度作为字段宽度。如果“对齐”为正数，字段的格式化数据为右对齐；如果“对齐”为负数，字段的格式化数据为左对齐。如果需要填充，则使用空白。如果指定“对齐”，就需要使用逗号。

formatString:由标准或自定义格式说明符组成.

下表是从网上得来：

字符	说明	示例	输出
C	货币	string.Format("{0:C3}", 2)	＄2.000
D	十进制	string.Format("{0:D3}", 2)	002
E	科学计数法	1.20E+001	1.20E+001
G	常规	string.Format("{0:G}", 2)	2
N	用分号隔开的数字	string.Format("{0:N}", 250000)	250,000.00
X	十六进制	string.Format("{0:X000}", 12)	C
		string.Format("{0:000.000}", 12.2)	012.200

Specifier	Type	Format	Output (Passed Double 1.42)	Output (Passed Int -12400)
c	Currency	{0:c}	＄1.42	-＄12,400
d	Decimal (Whole number)	{0:d}	System. FormatException	-12400
e	Scientific	{0:e}	1.420000e+000	-1.240000e+004
f	Fixed point	{0:f}	1.42	-12400.00
g	General	{0:g}	1.42	-12400
n	Number with commas for thousands	{0:n}	1.42	-12,400
r	Round trippable	{0:r}	1.42	System. FormatException
x	Hexadecimal	{0:x4}	System. FormatException	cf90

Specifier	Type	Example (Passed System.DateTime.Now)
d	Short date	10/12/2002
D	Long date	December 10, 2002
t	Short time	10:11 PM
T	Long time	10:11:29 PM
f	Full date & time	December 10, 2002 10:11 PM
F	Full date & time (long)	December 10, 2002 10:11:29 PM
g	Default date & time	10/12/2002 10:11 PM
G	Default date & time (long)	10/12/2002 10:11:29 PM
M	Month day pattern	December 10
r	RFC1123 date string	Tue, 10 Dec 2002 22:11:29 GMT
s	Sortable date string	2002-12-10T22:11:29
u	Universal sortable, local time	2002-12-10 22:13:50Z
U	Universal sortable, GMT	December 11, 2002 3:13:50 AM
Y	Year month pattern	December, 2002

Specifier	Type	Example	Example Output
dd	Day	{0:dd}	10
ddd	Day name	{0:ddd}	Tue
dddd	Full day name	{0:dddd}	Tuesday
f, ff, ...	Second fractions	{0:fff}	932
gg, ...	Era	{0:gg}	A.D.
hh	2 digit hour	{0:hh}	10
HH	2 digit hour, 24hr format	{0:HH}	22
mm	Minute 00-59	{0:mm}	38
MM	Month 01-12	{0:MM}	12
MMM	Month abbreviation	{0:MMM}	Dec
MMMM	Full month name	{0:MMMM}	December
ss	Seconds 00-59	{0:ss}	46
tt	AM or PM	{0:tt}	PM
yy	Year, 2 digits	{0:yy}	02
yyyy	Year	{0:yyyy}	2002
zz	Timezone offset, 2 digits	{0:zz}	-05
zzz	Full timezone offset	{0:zzz}	-05:00
:	Separator	{0:hh:mm:ss}	10:43:20
/	Separator	{0:dd/MM/yyyy}	10/12/2002

CSDN中例子：

string myFName = "Fred";
string myLName = "Opals";
int myInt = 100;
string FormatFName = String.Format("First Name = |{0,10}|", myFName);
string FormatLName = String.Format("Last Name = |{0,10}|", myLName);
string FormatPrice = String.Format("Price = |{0,10:C}|", myInt);
Console.WriteLine(FormatFName);
Console.WriteLine(FormatLName);
Console.WriteLine(FormatPrice);

FormatFName = String.Format("First Name = |{0,-10}|", myFName);
FormatLName = String.Format("Last Name = |{0,-10}|", myLName);//-10指左对齐，10个宽度，
FormatPrice = String.Format("Price = |{0,-10:C}|", myInt);//C指以货币形式输出
Console.WriteLine(FormatFName);
Console.WriteLine(FormatLName);
Console.WriteLine(FormatPrice);

//运行结果
//First Name = |          Fred|
//Last Name = |         Opals|
//Price = |           $100.00|
//First Name = |Fred      |
//Last Name = |Opals     |
//Price = |$100.00   |

还有其他事例见http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aakt1eab.aspx