【数据库的备份与还原】

本文原地址：http://www.cnblogs.com/bhtfg538/archive/2009/09/14/1566127.html

差异备份,日志备份还原

IF DB_ID('db') IS NOT NULL
DROP DATABASE db
GO

CREATE DATABASE db
GO

CREATE TABLE db.dbo.T(ID INT PRIMARY KEY IDENTITY(1,1));
GO

BACKUP DATABASE db TO DISK='d:/1.bak' WITH FORMAT
GO

INSERT INTO db.dbo.T DEFAULT VALUES
GO

BACKUP DATABASE db TO DISK='d:/2.bak' WITH FORMAT,DIFFERENTIAL
GO

INSERT INTO db.dbo.T DEFAULT VALUES
GO

BACKUP LOG db TO DISK='d:/3.bak' WITH FORMAT
GO

DROP DATABASE db;

RESTORE DATABASE db FROM DISK='d:/1.bak' WITH RECOVERY,REPLACE;
GO

SELECT COUNT(*) FROM db.dbo.T;
GO

DROP DATABASE db;
GO

RESTORE DATABASE db FROM DISK='d:/1.bak' WITH NORECOVERY,REPLACE;
GO

RESTORE DATABASE db FROM DISK='d:/2.bak' WITH RECOVERY;
GO

SELECT COUNT(*) FROM db.dbo.T;

DROP DATABASE db;

RESTORE DATABASE db FROM DISK='d:/1.bak' WITH NORECOVERY,REPLACE;
GO

RESTORE DATABASE db FROM DISK='d:/2.bak' WITH NORECOVERY;
GO

RESTORE LOG db FROM DISK='d:/3.bak' WITH RECOVERY;
GO

SELECT COUNT(*) FROM db.dbo.T;

DROP DATABASE db;

使用日志恢复数据库

IF DB_ID('db') IS NOT NULL
DROP DATABASE db;
GO

CREATE DATABASE db;
GO

CREATE TABLE db.dbo.T(ID INT PRIMARY KEY IDENTITY(1,1));
GO

BACKUP DATABASE db TO DISK='d:/1.bak' WITH FORMAT;
GO

INSERT INTO db.dbo.T DEFAULT VALUES;
GO

BACKUP LOG db TO DISK='d:/2.bak' WITH FORMAT;
GO

INSERT INTO db.dbo.T DEFAULT VALUES;
GO

BACKUP LOG db TO DISK='d:/3.bak' WITH FORMAT;
GO

RESTORE DATABASE db FROM DISK='d:/1.bak' WITH RECOVERY,REPLACE;
GO

SELECT * FROM db.dbo.T
GO

RESTORE DATABASE db FROM DISK='d:/1.bak' WITH NORECOVERY,REPLACE;
GO

RESTORE LOG db FROM DISK='d:/2.bak' WITH RECOVERY;
GO

SELECT * FROM db.dbo.T
GO

RESTORE DATABASE db FROM DISK='d:/1.bak' WITH NORECOVERY,REPLACE;
GO

RESTORE LOG db FROM DISK='d:/2.bak' WITH NORECOVERY;
GO

RESTORE LOG db FROM DISK='d:/3.bak' WITH RECOVERY;
GO

SELECT * FROM db.dbo.T
GO
DROP DATABASE db;


恢复到特定的备份日期


IF DB_ID('db') IS NOT NULL
DROP DATABASE db;
GO

CREATE DATABASE db;
GO

CREATE TABLE db.dbo.T(ID INT PRIMARY KEY IDENTITY(1,1));
GO

BACKUP DATABASE db TO DISK='d:/1.bak' WITH FORMAT;
GO

INSERT INTO db.dbo.T DEFAULT VALUES;
GO

WAITFOR DELAY '00:00:01';

DECLARE @Datetime BINARY(128);
SET @Datetime=CAST(GETDATE() AS BINARY(128));
SET CONTEXT_INFO @Datetime
GO

INSERT INTO db.dbo.T DEFAULT VALUES;
GO

BACKUP LOG db TO DISK='d:/2.bak' WITH FORMAT;
GO

RESTORE DATABASE db FROM DISK='d:/1.bak' WITH NORECOVERY,REPLACE;
GO

DECLARE @Now DATETIME;
SET @Now=DATEADD(SECOND,-1,(SELECT CAST(CONTEXT_INFO() AS DATETIME)));

RESTORE LOG db FROM DISK='d:/2.bak' WITH RECOVERY,STOPAT=@Now;
GO

SELECT * FROM db.dbo.T

DROP DATABASE db;
GO


还原到标识事务
--Create test database
CREATE DATABASE db
GO

--Create test table on database named db
CREATE TABLE db.dbo.T (ID INT PRIMARY KEY);
GO

--Create full backup to disk 'F:/Documents and Settings/Administrator/桌面/1.bak'
BACKUP DATABASE db TO DISK='F:/Documents and Settings/Administrator/桌面/1.bak' WITH FORMAT;
GO

--Begin a marked transaction "Tran1"
BEGIN TRAN Tran1 WITH MARK

INSERT INTO db.dbo.T SELECT 1

COMMIT TRAN Tran1

--Backup the transaction log to disk 'F:/Documents and Settings/Administrator/桌面/2.bak'
BACKUP LOG db TO DISK='F:/Documents and Settings/Administrator/桌面/2.bak' WITH FORMAT
GO

DROP DATABASE db;
GO

RESTORE DATABASE db FROM DISK='F:/Documents and Settings/Administrator/桌面/1.bak' WITH NORECOVERY;
GO

RESTORE LOG db FROM DISK='F:/Documents and Settings/Administrator/桌面/2.bak' WITH STOPBEFOREMARK='Tran1';
GO

SELECT COUNT(*) FROM db.dbo.T


DROP DATABASE db;
GO

RESTORE DATABASE db FROM DISK='F:/Documents and Settings/Administrator/桌面/1.bak' WITH NORECOVERY;
GO

RESTORE LOG db FROM DISK='F:/Documents and Settings/Administrator/桌面/2.bak' WITH STOPATMARK='Tran1';
GO

SELECT COUNT(*) FROM db.dbo.T

DROP DATABASE db


数据库的在线还原（读写文件组完整恢复模式）

IF DB_ID('db') IS NOT NULL
DROP DATABASE db;
GO

CREATE DATABASE db
ON PRIMARY
(
NAME=db_data,
FILENAME='c:/1.mdf'
),
FILEGROUP FG
(
NAME=db_data_fg,
FILENAME='c:/2.ndf'
)
LOG ON
(
NAME=db_log,
FILENAME='c:/1.ldf'
)
GO

--在主文件组下创建表T
CREATE TABLE db.dbo.T(ID INT PRIMARY KEY) ON [PRIMARY];

--插入记录
INSERT INTO db.dbo.T SELECT 1
GO

--主文件组在线,那么就视为数据库在线
--创建文件db_data_fg备份
BACKUP DATABASE db FILE='db_data_fg' TO DISK='c:/1.bak' WITH FORMAT

--进行在先还原,指定NORECOVERY 以后,就只能按顺序进行前滚,同时文件离线还原状态.
RESTORE DATABASE db FILE='db_data_fg' FROM DISK='c:/1.bak' WITH NORECOVERY

--创建表失败,因为离线
CREATE TABLE db.dbo.T1(ID INT PRIMARY KEY) ON fg;

--主文件组不受影响,因为只是FG离线还原,只有企业版才支持哈.这种情况下生产环境中,不至于数据库全部挂了.
SELECT * FROM db.dbo.T

--备份日志,使用COPY_ONLY,因为是要获取的日志是离线状态时候的,COPY_ONLY仅复制备份是在SQL Server 2005 中引入的，用于在执行特殊目的的备份（例如在联机文件还原前备份日志）时使用
--如果是只读文件的话,明显不会出现差异数据,所以不需要日志备份了
--简单恢复模式的话,日志都不能备份,所以也是一样
--顺便提一句,如果数据库是文件损坏,而且损坏时候都在线,要使用NO_TRUNCATE获取日志
BACKUP LOG db TO DISK='c:/2.bak' WITH FORMAT,COPY_ONLY;

--恢复LOG
RESTORE LOG db FROM DISK='c:/2.bak' WITH RECOVERY

--FG终于在线了,恭喜下,创建一个T1表
CREATE TABLE db.dbo.T1(ID INT PRIMARY KEY) ON fg;
GO

DROP DATABASE db;


数据库的段落还原（完整恢复模式）

IF DB_ID('db') IS NOT NULL
DROP DATABASE db
GO

--创建包含多个文件组的数据库db
CREATE DATABASE db
ON PRIMARY
(
NAME=db_data,
FILENAME='c:/db_data.mdf'
),
FILEGROUP A
(
NAME=db_data_a,
FILENAME='c:/db_data_a.ndf'
),
FILEGROUP B
(
NAME=db_data_b,
FILENAME='c:/db_data_b.ndf'